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Last modified by Xiaoling on 2025/05/05 08:51
From version 3.1
edited by Xiaoling
on 2022/05/11 14:23
Change comment: There is no comment for this version
To version 34.1
edited by Edwin Chen
on 2022/10/19 23:14
Change comment: There is no comment for this version

Summary

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Author
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1 -XWiki.Xiaoling
1 +XWiki.Edwin
Content
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1 -
1 +**~ Table of Contents:**
2 2  
3 3  {{toc/}}
4 4  
5 5  
6 +
6 6  = 1. OTAA Join Process Debug =
7 7  
9 +
8 8  These pages are useful to check what is wrong on the Join process. Below shows the four steps that we can check the Join Process.
9 9  \\**If user has checked below steps and still can't solve the problem, please send us (support @ dragino.com) the sceenshots for each step to check. They include:**
10 10  
... ... @@ -14,87 +14,127 @@
14 14  * End Node traffic (from server UI) to shows end node activity in server. (Normaly possible)
15 15  * End Node Keys screen shot shows in end node and server. so we can check if the keys are correct. (In most case, we found keys doesn't match, especially APP EUI)
16 16  
17 -**~1. End Device Join Screen shot, we can check:**
19 +(% style="color:blue" %)**1. End Device Join Screen shot, we can check:**
18 18  
19 19  * If the device is sending join request to server?
20 20  * What frequency the device is sending?
21 21  
22 -[[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/images/thumb/0/0f/OTAA_Join-1.jpg/600px-OTAA_Join-1.jpg||height="316" width="600"]]
24 +[[image:image-20220526164956-15.png]]
23 23  
24 24  Console Output from End device to see the transmit frequency
25 25  
26 26  
27 -**2. Gateway packet traffic in gateway web or ssh. we can check:**
28 28  
30 +(% style="color:blue" %)**2. Gateway packet traffic in gateway web or ssh. we can check:**
31 +
29 29  * If the gateway receive the Join request packet from sensor? (If this fail, check if the gateway and sensor works on the match frequency)
30 30  * If the gateway gets the Join Accept message from server and transmit it via LoRa?
31 31  
32 -[[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/images/thumb/1/1c/OTAA_Join-2.png/600px-OTAA_Join-2.png||height="325" width="600"]]
35 +[[image:image-20220526163608-2.png]]
33 33  
34 34  Console Output from Gateway to see packets between end node and server.
35 35  
36 36  
37 -**3. Gateway Traffic Page in LoRaWAN Server**
40 +(% style="color:blue" %)**3. Gateway Traffic Page in LoRaWAN Server**
38 38  
39 39  * If the Join Request packet arrive the gateway traffic in server? If not, check the internet connection and gateway LoRaWAN server settings.
40 40  * If the server send back a Join Accept for the Join Request? if not, check if the keys from the device match the keys you put in the server, or try to choose a different server route for this end device.
41 41  * If the Join Accept message are in correct frequency? If you set the server to use US915 band, and your end node and gateway is EU868, you will see the Join Accept message are in US915 band so no possible to Join success.
42 42  
43 -[[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/images/thumb/5/5c/OTAA_Join-3.png/600px-OTAA_Join-3.png||height="301" width="600"]]
46 +[[image:image-20220526163633-3.png]]
44 44  
45 45  The Traffic for the End node in the server, use TTN as example
46 46  
47 47  
48 -**4. Data Page in LoRaWAN server**
51 +(% style="color:blue" %)**4. Data Page in LoRaWAN server**
49 49  
50 50  * If this data page shows the Join Request message from the end node? If not, most properly you have wrong settings in the keys. Keys in the server doesn't match the keys in End Node.
51 51  
52 -[[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/images/thumb/e/ec/OTAA_Join-4.png/600px-OTAA_Join-4.png||height="181" width="600"]]
55 +[[image:image-20220526163704-4.png]]
53 53  
54 54  The data for the end device set in server
55 55  
56 -[[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/images/thumb/b/b1/OTAA_Join-5.png/600px-OTAA_Join-5.png||height="166" width="600"]]
59 +[[image:image-20220526163732-5.png]]
57 57  
58 58  Check if OTAA Keys match the keys in device
59 59  
60 60  
64 +
61 61  = 2. Notice of US915/CN470/AU915 Frequency band =
62 62  
67 +
68 +(((
63 63  If user has problem to work with lorawan server in band US915/AU915/CN470, he can check:
70 +)))
64 64  
65 -* What **sub-band** the server support ?
66 -* What is the **sub-band** the gateway support ?
67 -* What is the **sub-band** the end node is using ?
72 +* (((
73 +What **sub-band** the server support ?
74 +)))
75 +* (((
76 +What is the **sub-band** the gateway support ?
77 +)))
78 +* (((
79 +What is the **sub-band** the end node is using ?
80 +)))
68 68  
82 +(((
69 69  All of above should match so End Node can properly Join the server and don't have packet lost.
84 +)))
70 70  
86 +(((
87 +
88 +)))
89 +
90 +(((
71 71  In LoRaWAN protocol, the frequency bands US915, AU915, CN470 each includes at least 72 frequencies. Many gateways support only 8 or 16 frequencies, and server might support 8 frequency only. In this case, the OTAA join time and uplink schedule is long and unpredictable while the end node is hopping in 72 frequencies, because the end node will send data in many frequency that the gateway or server doesn,t support.
92 +)))
72 72  
94 +(((
95 +
96 +)))
97 +
98 +(((
73 73  Here are the freuqency tables for these bands as reference:
100 +)))
74 74  
75 -[[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/images/thumb/3/3f/US915_FRE_BAND-1.png/600px-US915_FRE_BAND-1.png||height="170" width="600"]]
102 +[[image:image-20220526163801-6.png]]
76 76  
77 77  US915 Channels
78 78  
79 -[[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/images/thumb/8/8a/AU915_FRE_BAND-1.png/600px-AU915_FRE_BAND-1.png||height="167" width="600"]]
106 +[[image:image-20220526163926-7.png]]
80 80  
81 81  AU915 Channels
82 82  
83 -[[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/images/thumb/3/3a/CN470_FRE_BAND-1.png/600px-CN470_FRE_BAND-1.png||height="205" width="600"]]
84 84  
111 +[[image:image-20220526163941-8.png]]
112 +
113 +(((
85 85  CN470 Channels
86 86  
116 +
117 +)))
118 +
119 +(((
87 87  If we look at the [[TTN network server frequency plan>>url:https://www.thethingsnetwork.org/docs/lorawan/frequency-plans.html]], we can see the US915 frequency band use the channel 8~~15.So the End Node must work at the same frequency in US915 8~~15 channels for TTN server.
121 +)))
88 88  
89 -[[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/images/thumb/9/9a/US915_FRE_BAND-2.png/600px-US915_FRE_BAND-2.png||height="288" width="600"]]
123 +[[image:image-20220526164052-9.png]]
90 90  
125 +(((
91 91  TTN FREQUENCY PLAN
92 92  
128 +
129 +)))
130 +
131 +(((
93 93  In dragino end node, user can use AT+CHE command to set what frequencies set the end node will use. The default settings for Dragino end node are preconfigure for TTN server, so use 8~~15 channels, which is **AT+CHE=2**. (AT+CHE=1 for first 8 channels, AT+CHE=2 for second 8 channels.. etc, and AT+CHE=0 for all 72 channels. )
133 +)))
94 94  
95 95  
136 +
96 96  = 3. Why i see data lost/unperiocially uplink data? Even the signal strength is good =
97 97  
139 +
98 98  In this case, we can check if the frequency band matches in End Node, Gateway and LoRaWAN server. A typical case is using US915 in ChirpStack server as below:
99 99  
100 100  * **End node** ~-~-> Use Sub-band2 (Channel 8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15) for Dragino Sensor. ADR is also enable, this is the default settings for dragino sensors.
... ... @@ -101,36 +101,65 @@
101 101  * **Gateway** ~-~-> Use Sub-band2 (Channel 8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15) for Dragino Gateway. this is the default settings for dragino sensors.
102 102  * **LoRaWAN server** ~-~-> ChirpStack default installation and use Sub-band1, **enabled_uplink_channels=[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]** in the file chirpstack-network-server.toml.
103 103  
146 +(((
104 104  When Sensor power on, it will use sub-band2 to join the network, the frequency matches the settings in gateway so all Join Request will be passed to the server for Join. Server will ask the sensor to change to Sub-band1 in the Join Accept downlink message. Sensor will change to sub-band1 for data upload. This cause the sensor and gateway have different frequencies so user see lost of most data or even no data.
148 +)))
105 105  
150 +(((
151 +
152 +)))
153 +
154 +(((
106 106  Use Subband2 as a default subband cause the sensor to have problem to work with the LoRaWAN server which use other subband, and use need to access to the end node to change the subband by console. that is not user frendily,. So since Dragino LoRaWAN Stack version DLS-005(release on end of 2020), we have changed the device to use All Subbands for OTAA join, for example, device will use the first frequency in Sub-Band1 as firt OTAA join packet, then use the first frequency in Sub-Band 2 , then first frequency in sub-band 3, and so on. LoRaWAN server will normally provide the required subband in the OTAA accept process, so end node will know what subband it use after join. If LoRaWAN server doesn't provide subband info in OTAA join, end node will use the subband which join success as the working subband. So the new method cause a longer OTAA Join time but will be compatible with all LoRaWAN server. And new method won't affect the normal uplink after Join Success.
156 +)))
107 107  
108 108  
159 +
109 109  = 4. Transmision on ABP Mode =
110 110  
162 +
163 +(((
111 111  In ABP mode, there is a Frame Counter Checks. With this check enabled, the server will only accept the frame with a higher counter. If you reboot the device in ABP mode, the device will start from count 0, so you won't be able to see the frame update in server.
165 +)))
112 112  
167 +(((
168 +
169 +)))
170 +
171 +(((
113 113  So in ABP mode, first check if the packet already arrive your gateway, if the packet arrive gatewat but didn't arrive server. Please check if this is the issue.
173 +)))
114 114  
175 +(((
176 +
177 +)))
178 +
179 +(((
115 115  To solve this, disable the Frame Counter Check will solve this issue , or reset the frame counter in the device page.
181 +)))
116 116  
117 -[[~[~[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/images/thumb/1/19/ABP_Issue-1.jpg/600px-ABP_Issue-1.jpg~|~|height="340" width="600"~]~]>>url:https://wiki.dragino.com/index.php/File:ABP_Issue-1.jpg]]
183 +[[image:image-20220526164508-10.png]]
118 118  
119 119  Disable Frame Counter Check in ABP Mode
120 120  
121 121  
188 +
122 122  = 5. Downstream Debug =
123 123  
124 124  == 5.1 How it work ==
125 125  
193 +
126 126  LoRaWAN End node will open two receive windows to receive the downstream data. If the downstream packets arrive the end node at these receive windows, the end node will be able to get this packet and process it.
127 127  
196 +(((
128 128  Depends on Class A or Class C, the receive windows will be a little difference,
198 +)))
129 129  
130 -[[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/images/thumb/1/1a/Downstream_LoRaWAN-1.png/600px-Downstream_LoRaWAN-1.png||height="590" width="600"]]
200 +[[image:image-20220531161828-1.png]]
131 131  
132 132  receive windows for Class A and Class C
133 133  
204 +
134 134  Below are the requirement for the End Device to receive the packets.
135 135  
136 136  * The End Device must open the receive windows: RX1 or RX2
... ... @@ -137,151 +137,177 @@
137 137  * The LoRaWAN server must send a downstream packet, and the gateway forward this downstream packet for this end node.
138 138  * This downstream packet must arrive to the end node while RX1 or RX2 is open.
139 139  * This packet must match the frequency of the RX1 or RX2 window.
140 -* This packet must match the DataRate of RX1(RX1DR) or RX2 (RX2DR). **This is the common fail point, because different lorawan server might use different RX2DR and they don't info End Node via ADR message so cause the mismatch. If this happen, user need to change the RX2DR to the right value in end node. In OTAA, LoRaWAN Server will send the RX2DR setting in Join Accept message so the end node will auto adjust. but ABP uplink doesn't support this auto change.**
211 +* This packet must match the DataRate of RX1(RX1DR) or RX2 (RX2DR). (% style="color:red" %)**This is the common fail point, because different lorawan server might use different RX2DR and they don't info End Node via ADR message so cause the mismatch. If this happen, user need to change the RX2DR to the right value in end node. In OTAA, LoRaWAN Server will send the RX2DR setting in Join Accept message so the end node will auto adjust. but ABP uplink doesn't support this auto change.**
141 141  
213 +
142 142  == 5.2 See Debug Info ==
143 143  
144 -**For LoRaWAN Server**
145 145  
217 +(((
218 +(% style="color:blue" %)**For LoRaWAN Server**
219 +)))
220 +
221 +(((
146 146  We can check if there is downlink message for this end node, use TTN for example:
223 +)))
147 147  
225 +(((
148 148  Configure a downstream to the end device
227 +)))
149 149  
150 -[[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/images/thumb/8/82/Downstream_debug_1.png/600px-Downstream_debug_1.png||height="217" width="600"]]
229 +[[image:image-20220526164623-12.png]]
151 151  
231 +(((
152 152  Set a downstream in TTN and see it is sent
233 +)))
153 153  
154 154  
236 +(((
155 155  This downstream info will then pass to the gateway downstream list. and include the DR which is used (SF9BW125) in EU868 is DR3
238 +)))
156 156  
157 -[[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/images/thumb/d/dc/Downstream_debug_2.png/600px-Downstream_debug_2.png||height="245" width="600"]]
240 +[[image:image-20220526164650-13.png]]
158 158  
242 +(((
159 159  Gateway Traffic can see this downstream info
244 +)))
160 160  
161 161  
162 -**For LoRaWAN Gateway**
163 163  
248 +(((
249 +(% style="color:blue" %)**For LoRaWAN Gateway**
250 +)))
251 +
252 +(((
164 164  When the downstream packet appear on the traffic of Gateway page. The LoRaWAN gateway can get it from LoRaWAN server and transmit it. In Dragion Gateway, this can be checked by runinng "logread -f" in the SSH console. and see below:
254 +)))
165 165  
166 -[[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/images/thumb/2/21/Downstream_debug_3.png/600px-Downstream_debug_3.png||height="195" width="600"]]
256 +[[image:image-20220526164734-14.png]]
167 167  
258 +(((
168 168  Gateway Sent out this packet
260 +)))
169 169  
170 170  
171 -**For End Node**
172 172  
173 -we can use AT Command (AT+CFG) to check the RX1 configure and RX2 configure. as below:
174 -
175 -(% class="box infomessage" %)
176 176  (((
177 -AT+RX2FQ=869525000 ~-~--> The RX2 Window frequency
265 +(% style="color:blue" %)**For End Node**
178 178  )))
179 179  
180 -(% class="box infomessage" %)
181 181  (((
182 -AT+RX2DR=3 ~-~--> The RX2 DataRate
269 +we can use AT Command (AT+CFG) to check the RX1 configure and RX2 configure. as below:
183 183  )))
184 184  
185 -(% class="box infomessage" %)
186 186  (((
187 -AT+RX1DL=1000 ~-~--> Receive Delay 1
273 +(% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+RX2FQ=869525000**  (%%) **~-~-->**  The RX2 Window frequency
274 +(% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+RX2DR=3**          (%%) **~-~-->**  The RX2 DataRate
275 +(% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+RX1DL=1000**       (%%) ** ~-~-->**  Receive Delay 1
276 +(% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+RX2DL=2000**       (%%) **~-~--> ** Receive Delay 2
277 +
278 +
279 +
188 188  )))
189 189  
190 -(% class="box infomessage" %)
191 191  (((
192 -AT+RX2DL=2000 ~-~--> Receive Delay 2
283 +(% style="color:blue" %)**when the device running, we can see below info:**
193 193  )))
194 194  
286 +{{{ [12502]***** UpLinkCounter= 0 *****
287 + [12503]TX on freq 868500000 Hz at DR 0
288 + [13992]txDone
289 + [15022]RX on freq 868500000 Hz at DR 0 --> RX1 window open at frequency: 868500000, DR0, after 15022-13992= 1030ms of txdone
290 + [15222]rxTimeOut --> no packet arrive in RX1 window. (duration: 200ms)
291 + [15987]RX on freq 869525000 Hz at DR 3 --> RX2 window open at frequency: 869525000, DR3, after 15987-13992= 1995ms of txdone
292 + [16027]rxTimeOut --> no packet arrive in RX2 window. (duration: 40 ms)}}}
293 +
195 195  (((
196 -{{info}}
197 -(% class="box infomessage" %)
198 -(((
199 -AT+RX2FQ=869525000     ~-~--> The RX2 Window frequency
200 -AT+RX2DR=3  ~-~--> The RX2 DataRate
201 -AT+RX1DL=1000  ~-~--> Receive Delay 1
202 -AT+RX2DL=2000  ~-~--> Receive Delay 2
203 -)))
204 -{{/info}}
295 +
205 205  
206 206  
207 207  )))
208 208  
209 -when the device running, we can see below info:
300 +(((
301 +(% style="color:blue" %)**Another message:**
302 +)))
210 210  
211 -{{{[12502]***** UpLinkCounter= 0 *****
212 -[12503]TX on freq 868500000 Hz at DR 0
213 -[13992]txDone
214 -[15022]RX on freq 868500000 Hz at DR 0 --> RX1 window open at frequency: 868500000, DR0, after 15022-13992= 1030ms of txdone
215 -[15222]rxTimeOut --> no packet arrive in RX1 window. (duration: 200ms)
216 -[15987]RX on freq 869525000 Hz at DR 3 --> RX2 window open at frequency: 869525000, DR3, after 15987-13992= 1995ms of txdone
217 -[16027]rxTimeOut --> no packet arrive in RX2 window. (duration: 40 ms)
218 -}}}
304 +{{{ [12502]***** UpLinkCounter= 0 *****
305 + [12503]TX on freq 868100000 Hz at DR 0
306 + [13992]txDone
307 + [15022]RX on freq 868100000 Hz at DR 0
308 + [15222]rxTimeOut
309 + [15987]RX on freq 869525000 Hz at DR 3
310 + [16185]rxDone --> We have got the downstream packet.
311 + Rssi= -64
312 + Receive data
313 + 1:0012345678}}}
219 219  
220 -{{{Another message:
221 -[12502]***** UpLinkCounter= 0 *****
222 -[12503]TX on freq 868100000 Hz at DR 0
223 -[13992]txDone
224 -[15022]RX on freq 868100000 Hz at DR 0
225 -[15222]rxTimeOut
226 -[15987]RX on freq 869525000 Hz at DR 3
227 -[16185]rxDone --> We have got the downstream packet.
228 -Rssi= -64
229 -Receive data
230 -1:0012345678
231 -}}}
232 232  
233 -== 5.3 If problem doesn’t solve ==
234 234  
235 -**If user has checked below steps and still can't solve the problem, please send us (support @ dragino.com) the sceenshots for each step to check. They include:**
317 +== 5.3 If problem doesn't solve ==
236 236  
319 +
320 +(% style="color:red" %)**If user has checked below steps and still can't solve the problem, please send us (support @ dragino.com) the sceenshots for each step to check. They include:**
321 +
237 237  * End node console to show the transmit freuqency and DR.
238 238  * Gateway (from gateway UI) traffic to show the packet got from end node and receive from Server.
239 239  * Gateway traffic (from server UI) to shows the data exchange between gateway and server.
240 240  * End Node traffic (from server UI) to shows end node activity in server.
241 241  
327 +
242 242  = 6. Downlink Issue ~-~- Packet REJECTED, unsupported frequency =
243 243  
330 +
331 +(((
244 244  In LoRaWAN, the gatewat will use the frequency specify by the server to transmit a packet as downlink purpose. Each Frequency band has different downlink frequency. and the gateway has a frequency range limited to transmit downlink.
333 +)))
245 245  
335 +(((
336 +
337 +)))
338 +
339 +(((
246 246  So if the LoRaWAN server is an AS923 server which ask the gateway to transmit at 923.2Mhz frequency, but the gateway is IN868 frequency band (support 865~~867Mhz to transmit). In the gateway log it will show something like below:
341 +)))
247 247  
248 -{{{Sat Nov 21 08:04:17 2020 daemon.info lora_pkt_fwd[1680]: ERROR~ Packet REJECTED, unsupported frequency - 923200000 (min:865000000,max:867000000)
249 -}}}
343 +{{{Sat Nov 21 08:04:17 2020 daemon.info lora_pkt_fwd[1680]: ERROR~ Packet REJECTED, unsupported frequency - 923200000 (min:865000000,max:867000000)}}}
250 250  
345 +(((
346 +
347 +)))
348 +
349 +(((
251 251  In this case, please double check the gateway frequency and the server frequency band.
351 +)))
252 252  
253 253  
354 +
254 254  = 7. Decrypt a LoRaWAN Packet =
255 255  
256 -~1. LHT65 End device configure:
257 257  
258 -(% class="box infomessage" %)
259 -(((
260 -Change to ABP Mode: AT+NJM=0
261 -)))
358 +(% style="color:blue" %)**1. LHT65 End device configure:**
262 262  
263 -(% class="box infomessage" %)
264 -(((
265 -Change to fix frequency: AT+CHS=904900000
266 -)))
360 +**Change to ABP Mode:  AT+NJM=0**
361 +**Change to fix frequency:  AT+CHS=904900000**
362 +**Change to fix DR:  AT+DR=0**
267 267  
268 -(% class="box infomessage" %)
269 -(((
270 -Change to fix DR: AT+DR=0
271 -)))
272 272  
273 -[[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/images/e/e6/Decrypt_a_LoRaWAN_Packet1.jpg||alt="Decrypt a LoRaWAN Packet1.jpg" height="607" width="558"]]
365 +[[image:image-20220526165525-16.png]]
274 274  
275 -2. In LG02 , configure to receive above message
276 276  
277 -[[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/images/c/c3/Decrypt_a_LoRaWAN_Packet2.jpg||alt="Decrypt a LoRaWAN Packet2.jpg" height="337" width="558"]]
278 278  
369 +(% style="color:blue" %)**2. In LG02 , configure to receive above message**
370 +
371 +[[image:image-20220526165612-17.png]]
372 +
373 +
279 279  In LG02 console, we can see the hex receive are:
280 280  
281 -[[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/images/f/f1/Decrypt_a_LoRaWAN_Packet3.jpg||alt="Decrypt a LoRaWAN Packet3.jpg" height="179" width="558"]]
376 +[[image:image-20220526171112-21.png]]
282 282  
283 -3. Decode the info in web
284 284  
379 +
380 +(% style="color:blue" %)**3. Decode the info in web**
381 +
285 285  [[https:~~/~~/lorawan-packet-decoder-0ta6puiniaut.runkit.sh>>url:https://lorawan-packet-decoder-0ta6puiniaut.runkit.sh/]]
286 286  
287 287  Need these three fields:
... ... @@ -292,45 +292,139 @@
292 292  
293 293  AT+APPSKEY=00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 01 11 (End Node App Session Key)
294 294  
392 +
295 295  [[https:~~/~~/lorawan-packet-decoder-0ta6puiniaut.runkit.sh/?data=40c1190126800100024926272bf18bbb6341584e27e23245&nwkskey=00000000000000000000000000000111&appskey=00000000000000000000000000000111>>url:https://lorawan-packet-decoder-0ta6puiniaut.runkit.sh/?data=40c1190126800100024926272bf18bbb6341584e27e23245&nwkskey=00000000000000000000000000000111&appskey=00000000000000000000000000000111]]
296 296  
297 -[[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/images/7/77/Decrypt_a_LoRaWAN_Packet4.png||alt="Decrypt a LoRaWAN Packet4.png" height="390" width="558"]]
395 +[[image:image-20220526171029-20.png]]
298 298  
299 -The FRMPayload is the device payload.
397 +(((
398 + The FRMPayload is the device payload.
399 +)))
300 300  
301 301  
402 +
302 302  = 8. Why i see uplink 0x00 periodcally on the LHT65 v1.8 firmware =
303 303  
405 +
304 304  Since firmware v1.8, LHT65 will send MAC command to request time, in the case if DR only support max 11 bytes, this MAC command will be bundled to a separate uplink payload with 0x00.
305 305  
408 +
409 +
306 306  = 9. Why do I see a "MIC Mismatch" error message from the server? =
307 307  
308 -1)If the user receives a "MIC Mismatch" message after registering the node on the server.
309 309  
413 +(((
414 +1)  If the user receives a "MIC Mismatch" message after registering the node on the server.
415 +)))
416 +
417 +(((
310 310  It is likely that the user filled in the wrong APPKEY when registering the node. Many users fill in "APPSKEY".
419 +)))
311 311  
312 -* Please note the distinction between "APPKEY" and "APPSKEY".
421 +* (((
422 +Please note the distinction between "APPKEY" and "APPSKEY".
423 +)))
313 313  
425 +(((
314 314  2）If the node works on the server for a period of time, the device stops working and receives a "MIC Mismatch" message.
427 +)))
315 315  
429 +(((
316 316  The user needs a USB-TTL adapter to connect the serial port to modify the node APPKEY.
431 +)))
317 317  
318 -* If a node is registered with multiple servers, it may also cause the "mic mismatch" error.
433 +* (((
434 +If a node is registered with multiple servers, it may also cause the "mic mismatch" error.
319 319  
436 +
437 +
438 +
439 +)))
440 +
320 320  = 10. Why i got the payload only with "0x00" or "AA~=~="? =
321 321  
322 -* If you are using US915, AU915 and AS923 frequencies.This is normal phenomenon.
323 323  
324 -When using the frequency mentioned above, the server sometimes adjusts the rate of the node, because the node defaults to the adaptive rate.
444 +For US915, AU915 or AS923 frequencies.It is possible because: .
325 325  
326 -When the server adjusts your node rate to 0, the maximum payload length is 11 bytes. The server sometimes sends an ADR packet to the node,
446 +When using the frequency mentioned above, the server sometimes adjusts the Data Rate (DR) of the node, because the end node has Adaptive Data Rate (ADR) Enabled.
327 327  
328 -and the node will reply to the server after receiving the ADR packet, but the number of payload bytes exceeds the limit,
448 +When the server adjusts end node data rate to 0, the maximum payload length is 11 bytes. The server sometimes sends an ADR packet to the end node, and the node will reply to the server after receiving the ADR packet, but the number of payload bytes exceeds the limit, so it will send a normal uplink packet, and following an additional 00 data packet to handle this MAC command response.
329 329  
330 -so it will send a normal uplink packet, and an additional 00 data packet.
450 +Solution: Use the decoder to filter out this 00 packet.
331 331  
332 -* Solution: Use the decoder to filter out this 00 packet.
333 -* Some node decoders may not have filtering function, or you need decoders of other servers and formats. Please send an email to david.huang@dragino.cc
452 +Some node decoders may not have the filter function, or you need decoders of other servers and formats. Please send an email to [[support@dragino.com>>mailto:support@dragino.com]]
334 334  
335 -(% class="wikigeneratedid" id="H" %)
454 +
455 +
456 += 11. Why my Dev EUI and APP EUI is 0x000000000000, how to solve? =
457 +
458 +
459 +(((
460 +It is possible the keys is erased during upgrading of firmware. and the console output shows below after AT+CFG
461 +)))
462 +
463 +(((
464 +AT+APPKEY=00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
465 +)))
466 +
467 +(((
468 +AT+NWKSKEY=00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
469 +)))
470 +
471 +(((
472 +AT+APPSKEY=00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
473 +)))
474 +
475 +(((
476 +AT+APPEUI=00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
477 +)))
478 +
479 +(((
336 336  
481 +)))
482 +
483 +(((
484 +You can get the keys from the box sticker or send mail to Dragino Support to check keys with the provided SN number.
485 +)))
486 +
487 +(((
488 +You can rewrites the keys by running commands in AT Console
489 +
490 +
491 +)))
492 +
493 +(((
494 +**For example：**
495 +)))
496 +
497 +(((
498 +AT+APPKEY=85 41 47 20 45 58 28 14 16 82 A0 F0 80 0D DD EE
499 +)))
500 +
501 +(((
502 +AT+NWKSKEY=AA CC B0 20 30 45 37 32 14 1E 14 93 E2 3B 20 11
503 +)))
504 +
505 +(((
506 +AT+APPSKEY=11 23 02 20 30 20 30 60 80 20 20 30 30 20 10 10
507 +)))
508 +
509 +(((
510 +AT+APPEUI=2C 45 47 E3 24 12 23 24
511 +)))
512 +
513 +(((
514 +(Any combination of 16 bit codes can be used）
515 +
516 +
517 +
518 += 12. I set my device is LoRaWAN Class C mode, why i still see Class A after boot? =
519 +)))
520 +
521 +
522 +Class C only refers to status after OTAA Join successfully. The OTAA Join Process will use Class A mode.
523 +
524 +
525 +
526 +(% class="wikigeneratedid" %)
527 +
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