Last modified by Edwin Chen on 2025/01/29 20:30
<
From version < 23.2 >
edited by Xiaoling
on 2022/05/26 16:50
To version < 32.9 >
edited by Xiaoling
on 2022/07/13 15:13
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1 -**~ Contents:**
1 +**~ Table of Contents:**
2 2  
3 -(((
4 -
5 -)))
6 -
7 7  {{toc/}}
8 8  
9 9  
6 +
10 10  = 1. OTAA Join Process Debug =
11 11  
9 +
12 12  These pages are useful to check what is wrong on the Join process. Below shows the four steps that we can check the Join Process.
13 13  \\**If user has checked below steps and still can't solve the problem, please send us (support @ dragino.com) the sceenshots for each step to check. They include:**
14 14  
... ... @@ -64,6 +64,7 @@
64 64  
65 65  = 2. Notice of US915/CN470/AU915 Frequency band =
66 66  
65 +
67 67  (((
68 68  If user has problem to work with lorawan server in band US915/AU915/CN470, he can check:
69 69  )))
... ... @@ -106,10 +106,13 @@
106 106  
107 107  AU915 Channels
108 108  
108 +
109 109  [[image:image-20220526163941-8.png]]
110 110  
111 111  (((
112 112  CN470 Channels
113 +
114 +
113 113  )))
114 114  
115 115  (((
... ... @@ -120,6 +120,8 @@
120 120  
121 121  (((
122 122  TTN FREQUENCY PLAN
125 +
126 +
123 123  )))
124 124  
125 125  (((
... ... @@ -129,6 +129,7 @@
129 129  
130 130  = 3. Why i see data lost/unperiocially uplink data? Even the signal strength is good =
131 131  
136 +
132 132  In this case, we can check if the frequency band matches in End Node, Gateway and LoRaWAN server. A typical case is using US915 in ChirpStack server as below:
133 133  
134 134  * **End node** ~-~-> Use Sub-band2 (Channel 8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15) for Dragino Sensor. ADR is also enable, this is the default settings for dragino sensors.
... ... @@ -150,6 +150,7 @@
150 150  
151 151  = 4. Transmision on ABP Mode =
152 152  
158 +
153 153  (((
154 154  In ABP mode, there is a Frame Counter Checks. With this check enabled, the server will only accept the frame with a higher counter. If you reboot the device in ABP mode, the device will start from count 0, so you won't be able to see the frame update in server.
155 155  )))
... ... @@ -179,6 +179,7 @@
179 179  
180 180  == 5.1 How it work ==
181 181  
188 +
182 182  LoRaWAN End node will open two receive windows to receive the downstream data. If the downstream packets arrive the end node at these receive windows, the end node will be able to get this packet and process it.
183 183  
184 184  (((
... ... @@ -185,10 +185,11 @@
185 185  Depends on Class A or Class C, the receive windows will be a little difference,
186 186  )))
187 187  
188 -[[image:image-20220526164547-11.png]]
195 +[[image:image-20220531161828-1.png]]
189 189  
190 190  receive windows for Class A and Class C
191 191  
199 +
192 192  Below are the requirement for the End Device to receive the packets.
193 193  
194 194  * The End Device must open the receive windows: RX1 or RX2
... ... @@ -195,12 +195,13 @@
195 195  * The LoRaWAN server must send a downstream packet, and the gateway forward this downstream packet for this end node.
196 196  * This downstream packet must arrive to the end node while RX1 or RX2 is open.
197 197  * This packet must match the frequency of the RX1 or RX2 window.
198 -* This packet must match the DataRate of RX1(RX1DR) or RX2 (RX2DR). **This is the common fail point, because different lorawan server might use different RX2DR and they don't info End Node via ADR message so cause the mismatch. If this happen, user need to change the RX2DR to the right value in end node. In OTAA, LoRaWAN Server will send the RX2DR setting in Join Accept message so the end node will auto adjust. but ABP uplink doesn't support this auto change.**
206 +* This packet must match the DataRate of RX1(RX1DR) or RX2 (RX2DR). (% style="color:red" %)**This is the common fail point, because different lorawan server might use different RX2DR and they don't info End Node via ADR message so cause the mismatch. If this happen, user need to change the RX2DR to the right value in end node. In OTAA, LoRaWAN Server will send the RX2DR setting in Join Accept message so the end node will auto adjust. but ABP uplink doesn't support this auto change.**
199 199  
200 200  == 5.2 See Debug Info ==
201 201  
210 +
202 202  (((
203 -**For LoRaWAN Server**
212 +(% style="color:blue" %)**For LoRaWAN Server**
204 204  )))
205 205  
206 206  (((
... ... @@ -230,7 +230,7 @@
230 230  
231 231  
232 232  (((
233 -**For LoRaWAN Gateway**
242 +(% style="color:blue" %)**For LoRaWAN Gateway**
234 234  )))
235 235  
236 236  (((
... ... @@ -245,7 +245,7 @@
245 245  
246 246  
247 247  (((
248 -**For End Node**
257 +(% style="color:blue" %)**For End Node**
249 249  )))
250 250  
251 251  (((
... ... @@ -253,23 +253,18 @@
253 253  )))
254 254  
255 255  (((
265 +(% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+RX2FQ=869525000**  (%%) **~-~-->**  The RX2 Window frequency
266 +(% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+RX2DR=3**          (%%) **~-~-->**  The RX2 DataRate
267 +(% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+RX1DL=1000**       (%%) ** ~-~-->**  Receive Delay 1
268 +(% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+RX2DL=2000**       (%%) **~-~--> ** Receive Delay 2
269 +
256 256  
257 257  )))
258 258  
259 259  (((
260 -(% class="box infomessage" %)
261 -(((
262 -AT+RX2FQ=869525000     ~-~--> The RX2 Window frequency
263 -AT+RX2DR=3      ~-~--> The RX2 DataRate
264 -AT+RX1DL=1000   ~-~--> Receive Delay 1
265 -AT+RX2DL=2000   ~-~--> Receive Delay 2
274 +(% style="color:blue" %)**when the device running, we can see below info:**
266 266  )))
267 -)))
268 268  
269 -(((
270 -**when the device running, we can see below info:**
271 -)))
272 -
273 273  {{{ [12502]***** UpLinkCounter= 0 *****
274 274   [12503]TX on freq 868500000 Hz at DR 0
275 275   [13992]txDone
... ... @@ -283,7 +283,7 @@
283 283  )))
284 284  
285 285  (((
286 -**Another message:**
290 +(% style="color:blue" %)**Another message:**
287 287  )))
288 288  
289 289  {{{ [12502]***** UpLinkCounter= 0 *****
... ... @@ -298,8 +298,9 @@
298 298   1:0012345678}}}
299 299  
300 300  
301 -== 5.3 If problem doesn’t solve ==
305 +== 5.3 If problem doesn't solve ==
302 302  
307 +
303 303  (% style="color:red" %)**If user has checked below steps and still can't solve the problem, please send us (support @ dragino.com) the sceenshots for each step to check. They include:**
304 304  
305 305  * End node console to show the transmit freuqency and DR.
... ... @@ -307,8 +307,11 @@
307 307  * Gateway traffic (from server UI) to shows the data exchange between gateway and server.
308 308  * End Node traffic (from server UI) to shows end node activity in server.
309 309  
315 +
316 +
310 310  = 6. Downlink Issue ~-~- Packet REJECTED, unsupported frequency =
311 311  
319 +
312 312  (((
313 313  In LoRaWAN, the gatewat will use the frequency specify by the server to transmit a packet as downlink purpose. Each Frequency band has different downlink frequency. and the gateway has a frequency range limited to transmit downlink.
314 314  )))
... ... @@ -334,35 +334,28 @@
334 334  
335 335  = 7. Decrypt a LoRaWAN Packet =
336 336  
337 -~1. LHT65 End device configure:
338 338  
339 -(% class="box infomessage" %)
340 -(((
341 -Change to ABP Mode: AT+NJM=0
342 -)))
346 +(% style="color:blue" %)**1. LHT65 End device configure:**
343 343  
344 -(% class="box infomessage" %)
345 -(((
346 -Change to fix frequency: AT+CHS=904900000
347 -)))
348 +**Change to ABP Mode:  AT+NJM=0**
349 +**Change to fix frequency:  AT+CHS=904900000**
350 +**Change to fix DR:  AT+DR=0**
348 348  
349 -(% class="box infomessage" %)
350 -(((
351 -Change to fix DR: AT+DR=0
352 -)))
352 +[[image:image-20220526165525-16.png]]
353 353  
354 -[[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/images/e/e6/Decrypt_a_LoRaWAN_Packet1.jpg||alt="Decrypt a LoRaWAN Packet1.jpg" height="607" width="558"]]
355 355  
356 -2. In LG02 , configure to receive above message
355 +(% style="color:blue" %)**2. In LG02 , configure to receive above message**
357 357  
358 -[[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/images/c/c3/Decrypt_a_LoRaWAN_Packet2.jpg||alt="Decrypt a LoRaWAN Packet2.jpg" height="337" width="558"]]
357 +[[image:image-20220526165612-17.png]]
359 359  
359 +
360 360  In LG02 console, we can see the hex receive are:
361 361  
362 -[[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/images/f/f1/Decrypt_a_LoRaWAN_Packet3.jpg||alt="Decrypt a LoRaWAN Packet3.jpg" height="179" width="558"]]
362 +[[image:image-20220526171112-21.png]]
363 363  
364 -3. Decode the info in web
365 365  
365 +(% style="color:blue" %)**3. Decode the info in web**
366 +
366 366  [[https:~~/~~/lorawan-packet-decoder-0ta6puiniaut.runkit.sh>>url:https://lorawan-packet-decoder-0ta6puiniaut.runkit.sh/]]
367 367  
368 368  Need these three fields:
... ... @@ -373,9 +373,10 @@
373 373  
374 374  AT+APPSKEY=00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 01 11 (End Node App Session Key)
375 375  
377 +
376 376  [[https:~~/~~/lorawan-packet-decoder-0ta6puiniaut.runkit.sh/?data=40c1190126800100024926272bf18bbb6341584e27e23245&nwkskey=00000000000000000000000000000111&appskey=00000000000000000000000000000111>>url:https://lorawan-packet-decoder-0ta6puiniaut.runkit.sh/?data=40c1190126800100024926272bf18bbb6341584e27e23245&nwkskey=00000000000000000000000000000111&appskey=00000000000000000000000000000111]]
377 377  
378 -[[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/images/7/77/Decrypt_a_LoRaWAN_Packet4.png||alt="Decrypt a LoRaWAN Packet4.png" height="390" width="558"]]
380 +[[image:image-20220526171029-20.png]]
379 379  
380 380  (((
381 381   The FRMPayload is the device payload.
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384 384  
385 385  = 8. Why i see uplink 0x00 periodcally on the LHT65 v1.8 firmware =
386 386  
389 +
387 387  Since firmware v1.8, LHT65 will send MAC command to request time, in the case if DR only support max 11 bytes, this MAC command will be bundled to a separate uplink payload with 0x00.
388 388  
392 +
389 389  = 9. Why do I see a "MIC Mismatch" error message from the server? =
390 390  
395 +
391 391  (((
392 -1)If the user receives a "MIC Mismatch" message after registering the node on the server.
397 +1)  If the user receives a "MIC Mismatch" message after registering the node on the server.
393 393  )))
394 394  
395 395  (((
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411 411  * (((
412 412  If a node is registered with multiple servers, it may also cause the "mic mismatch" error.
413 413  
419 +
420 +
414 414  
415 415  )))
416 416  
417 417  = 10. Why i got the payload only with "0x00" or "AA~=~="? =
418 418  
426 +
419 419  * If you are using US915, AU915 and AS923 frequencies.This is normal phenomenon.
420 420  
421 421  (((
... ... @@ -433,36 +433,78 @@
433 433  Some node decoders may not have filtering function, or you need decoders of other servers and formats. Please send an email to [[david.huang@dragino.cc>>mailto:david.huang@dragino.cc]]
434 434  
435 435  
444 +
436 436  
437 437  )))
438 438  
439 439  = 11. Why my Dev EUI and APP EUI is 0x000000000000, how to solve? =
440 440  
450 +
451 +(((
441 441  It is possible the keys is erased during upgrading of firmware. and the console output shows below after AT+CFG
453 +)))
442 442  
455 +(((
443 443  AT+APPKEY=00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
457 +)))
444 444  
459 +(((
445 445  AT+NWKSKEY=00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
461 +)))
446 446  
463 +(((
447 447  AT+APPSKEY=00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
465 +)))
448 448  
467 +(((
449 449  AT+APPEUI=00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
469 +)))
450 450  
471 +(((
472 +
473 +)))
451 451  
475 +(((
452 452  You can get the keys from the box sticker or send mail to Dragino Support to check keys with the provided SN number.
477 +)))
453 453  
479 +(((
454 454  You can rewrites the keys by running commands in AT Console
455 455  
456 -For example：
482 +
483 +)))
457 457  
485 +(((
486 +**For example：**
487 +)))
488 +
489 +(((
458 458  AT+APPKEY=85 41 47 20 45 58 28 14 16 82 A0 F0 80 0D DD EE
491 +)))
459 459  
493 +(((
460 460  AT+NWKSKEY=AA CC B0 20 30 45 37 32 14 1E 14 93 E2 3B 20 11
495 +)))
461 461  
497 +(((
462 462  AT+APPSKEY=11 23 02 20 30 20 30 60 80 20 20 30 30 20 10 10
499 +)))
463 463  
501 +(((
464 464  AT+APPEUI=2C 45 47 E3 24 12 23 24
503 +)))
465 465  
505 +(((
466 466  (Any combination of 16 bit codes can be used）
467 467  
468 468  
509 += 12. I set my device is LoRaWAN Class C mode, why i still see Class A after boot? =
510 +)))
511 +
512 +
513 +Class C only refers to status after OTAA Join successfully. The OTAA Join Process will use Class A mode.
514 +
515 +
516 +
517 +(% class="wikigeneratedid" %)
518 +
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