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Last modified by Xiaoling on 2025/05/05 08:51
From version 23.2
edited by Xiaoling
on 2022/05/26 16:50
Change comment: There is no comment for this version
To version 1.1
edited by Xiaoling
on 2022/05/11 13:43
Change comment: There is no comment for this version

Summary

Details

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Content
... ... @@ -1,8 +4,4 @@
1 -**~ Contents:**
2 -
3 -(((
4 4  
5 -)))
6 6  
7 7  {{toc/}}
8 8  
... ... @@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
10 10  = 1. OTAA Join Process Debug =
11 11  
12 12  These pages are useful to check what is wrong on the Join process. Below shows the four steps that we can check the Join Process.
13 -\\**If user has checked below steps and still can't solve the problem, please send us (support @ dragino.com) the sceenshots for each step to check. They include:**
9 +\\If user has checked below steps and still can't solve the problem, please send us (support @ dragino.com) the sceenshots for each step to check. They include:
14 14  
15 15  * End node console to show the Join freuqency and DR. (If possible)
16 16  * Gateway (from gateway UI) traffic to show the packet got from end node and receive from Server. (If possible)
... ... @@ -18,12 +18,13 @@
18 18  * End Node traffic (from server UI) to shows end node activity in server. (Normaly possible)
19 19  * End Node Keys screen shot shows in end node and server. so we can check if the keys are correct. (In most case, we found keys doesn't match, especially APP EUI)
20 20  
17 +
21 21  **~1. End Device Join Screen shot, we can check:**
22 22  
23 23  * If the device is sending join request to server?
24 24  * What frequency the device is sending?
25 25  
26 -[[image:image-20220526164956-15.png]]
23 +[[~[~[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/images/thumb/0/0f/OTAA_Join-1.jpg/600px-OTAA_Join-1.jpg~|~|height="316" width="600"~]~]>>url:https://wiki.dragino.com/index.php/File:OTAA_Join-1.jpg]]
27 27  
28 28  Console Output from End device to see the transmit frequency
29 29  
... ... @@ -33,7 +33,7 @@
33 33  * If the gateway receive the Join request packet from sensor? (If this fail, check if the gateway and sensor works on the match frequency)
34 34  * If the gateway gets the Join Accept message from server and transmit it via LoRa?
35 35  
36 -[[image:image-20220526163608-2.png]]
33 +[[~[~[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/images/thumb/1/1c/OTAA_Join-2.png/600px-OTAA_Join-2.png~|~|height="325" width="600"~]~]>>url:https://wiki.dragino.com/index.php/File:OTAA_Join-2.png]]
37 37  
38 38  Console Output from Gateway to see packets between end node and server.
39 39  
... ... @@ -44,7 +44,7 @@
44 44  * If the server send back a Join Accept for the Join Request? if not, check if the keys from the device match the keys you put in the server, or try to choose a different server route for this end device.
45 45  * If the Join Accept message are in correct frequency? If you set the server to use US915 band, and your end node and gateway is EU868, you will see the Join Accept message are in US915 band so no possible to Join success.
46 46  
47 -[[image:image-20220526163633-3.png]]
44 +[[~[~[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/images/thumb/5/5c/OTAA_Join-3.png/600px-OTAA_Join-3.png~|~|height="301" width="600"~]~]>>url:https://wiki.dragino.com/index.php/File:OTAA_Join-3.png]]
48 48  
49 49  The Traffic for the End node in the server, use TTN as example
50 50  
... ... @@ -53,139 +53,85 @@
53 53  
54 54  * If this data page shows the Join Request message from the end node? If not, most properly you have wrong settings in the keys. Keys in the server doesn't match the keys in End Node.
55 55  
56 -[[image:image-20220526163704-4.png]]
53 +[[~[~[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/images/thumb/e/ec/OTAA_Join-4.png/600px-OTAA_Join-4.png~|~|height="181" width="600"~]~]>>url:https://wiki.dragino.com/index.php/File:OTAA_Join-4.png]]
57 57  
58 58  The data for the end device set in server
59 59  
60 -[[image:image-20220526163732-5.png]]
57 +[[~[~[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/images/thumb/b/b1/OTAA_Join-5.png/600px-OTAA_Join-5.png~|~|height="166" width="600"~]~]>>url:https://wiki.dragino.com/index.php/File:OTAA_Join-5.png]]
61 61  
62 62  Check if OTAA Keys match the keys in device
63 63  
64 64  
65 -= 2. Notice of US915/CN470/AU915 Frequency band =
62 += Notice of US915/CN470/AU915 Frequency band =
66 66  
67 -(((
68 68  If user has problem to work with lorawan server in band US915/AU915/CN470, he can check:
69 -)))
70 70  
71 -* (((
72 -What **sub-band** the server support ?
73 -)))
74 -* (((
75 -What is the **sub-band** the gateway support ?
76 -)))
77 -* (((
78 -What is the **sub-band** the end node is using ?
79 -)))
66 +* What sub-band the server support ?
67 +* What is the sub-band the gateway support ?
68 +* What is the sub-band the end node is using ?
80 80  
81 -(((
82 82  All of above should match so End Node can properly Join the server and don't have packet lost.
83 -)))
84 84  
85 -(((
86 -
87 -)))
88 -
89 -(((
90 90  In LoRaWAN protocol, the frequency bands US915, AU915, CN470 each includes at least 72 frequencies. Many gateways support only 8 or 16 frequencies, and server might support 8 frequency only. In this case, the OTAA join time and uplink schedule is long and unpredictable while the end node is hopping in 72 frequencies, because the end node will send data in many frequency that the gateway or server doesn,t support.
91 -)))
92 92  
93 -(((
94 -
95 -)))
96 -
97 -(((
98 98  Here are the freuqency tables for these bands as reference:
99 -)))
100 100  
101 -[[image:image-20220526163801-6.png]]
76 +[[~[~[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/images/thumb/3/3f/US915_FRE_BAND-1.png/600px-US915_FRE_BAND-1.png~|~|height="170" width="600"~]~]>>url:https://wiki.dragino.com/index.php/File:US915_FRE_BAND-1.png]]
102 102  
103 103  US915 Channels
104 104  
105 -[[image:image-20220526163926-7.png]]
80 +[[~[~[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/images/thumb/8/8a/AU915_FRE_BAND-1.png/600px-AU915_FRE_BAND-1.png~|~|height="167" width="600"~]~]>>url:https://wiki.dragino.com/index.php/File:AU915_FRE_BAND-1.png]]
106 106  
107 107  AU915 Channels
108 108  
109 -[[image:image-20220526163941-8.png]]
84 +[[~[~[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/images/thumb/3/3a/CN470_FRE_BAND-1.png/600px-CN470_FRE_BAND-1.png~|~|height="205" width="600"~]~]>>url:https://wiki.dragino.com/index.php/File:CN470_FRE_BAND-1.png]]
110 110  
111 -(((
112 112  CN470 Channels
113 -)))
114 114  
115 -(((
116 116  If we look at the [[TTN network server frequency plan>>url:https://www.thethingsnetwork.org/docs/lorawan/frequency-plans.html]], we can see the US915 frequency band use the channel 8~~15.So the End Node must work at the same frequency in US915 8~~15 channels for TTN server.
117 -)))
118 118  
119 -[[image:image-20220526164052-9.png]]
90 +[[~[~[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/images/thumb/9/9a/US915_FRE_BAND-2.png/600px-US915_FRE_BAND-2.png~|~|height="288" width="600"~]~]>>url:https://wiki.dragino.com/index.php/File:US915_FRE_BAND-2.png]]
120 120  
121 -(((
122 122  TTN FREQUENCY PLAN
123 -)))
124 124  
125 -(((
126 126  In dragino end node, user can use AT+CHE command to set what frequencies set the end node will use. The default settings for Dragino end node are preconfigure for TTN server, so use 8~~15 channels, which is **AT+CHE=2**. (AT+CHE=1 for first 8 channels, AT+CHE=2 for second 8 channels.. etc, and AT+CHE=0 for all 72 channels. )
127 -)))
128 128  
129 129  
130 -= 3. Why i see data lost/unperiocially uplink data? Even the signal strength is good =
97 += Why i see data lost/unperiocially uplink data? Even the signal strength is good =
131 131  
132 132  In this case, we can check if the frequency band matches in End Node, Gateway and LoRaWAN server. A typical case is using US915 in ChirpStack server as below:
133 133  
134 -* **End node** ~-~-> Use Sub-band2 (Channel 8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15) for Dragino Sensor. ADR is also enable, this is the default settings for dragino sensors.
135 -* **Gateway** ~-~-> Use Sub-band2 (Channel 8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15) for Dragino Gateway. this is the default settings for dragino sensors.
136 -* **LoRaWAN server** ~-~-> ChirpStack default installation and use Sub-band1, **enabled_uplink_channels=[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]** in the file chirpstack-network-server.toml.
101 +* End node ~-~-> Use Sub-band2 (Channel 8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15) for Dragino Sensor. ADR is also enable, this is the default settings for dragino sensors.
102 +* Gateway ~-~-> Use Sub-band2 (Channel 8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15) for Dragino Gateway. this is the default settings for dragino sensors.
103 +* LoRaWAN server ~-~-> ChirpStack default installation and use Sub-band1, **enabled_uplink_channels=[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]** in the file chirpstack-network-server.toml.
137 137  
138 -(((
139 139  When Sensor power on, it will use sub-band2 to join the network, the frequency matches the settings in gateway so all Join Request will be passed to the server for Join. Server will ask the sensor to change to Sub-band1 in the Join Accept downlink message. Sensor will change to sub-band1 for data upload. This cause the sensor and gateway have different frequencies so user see lost of most data or even no data.
140 -)))
141 141  
142 -(((
143 -
144 -)))
145 -
146 -(((
147 147  Use Subband2 as a default subband cause the sensor to have problem to work with the LoRaWAN server which use other subband, and use need to access to the end node to change the subband by console. that is not user frendily,. So since Dragino LoRaWAN Stack version DLS-005(release on end of 2020), we have changed the device to use All Subbands for OTAA join, for example, device will use the first frequency in Sub-Band1 as firt OTAA join packet, then use the first frequency in Sub-Band 2 , then first frequency in sub-band 3, and so on. LoRaWAN server will normally provide the required subband in the OTAA accept process, so end node will know what subband it use after join. If LoRaWAN server doesn't provide subband info in OTAA join, end node will use the subband which join success as the working subband. So the new method cause a longer OTAA Join time but will be compatible with all LoRaWAN server. And new method won't affect the normal uplink after Join Success.
148 -)))
149 149  
150 150  
151 -= 4. Transmision on ABP Mode =
110 += Transmision on ABP Mode =
152 152  
153 -(((
154 154  In ABP mode, there is a Frame Counter Checks. With this check enabled, the server will only accept the frame with a higher counter. If you reboot the device in ABP mode, the device will start from count 0, so you won't be able to see the frame update in server.
155 -)))
156 156  
157 -(((
158 -
159 -)))
160 -
161 -(((
162 162  So in ABP mode, first check if the packet already arrive your gateway, if the packet arrive gatewat but didn't arrive server. Please check if this is the issue.
163 -)))
164 164  
165 -(((
166 -
167 -)))
168 -
169 -(((
170 170  To solve this, disable the Frame Counter Check will solve this issue , or reset the frame counter in the device page.
171 -)))
172 172  
173 -[[image:image-20220526164508-10.png]]
118 +[[~[~[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/images/thumb/1/19/ABP_Issue-1.jpg/600px-ABP_Issue-1.jpg~|~|height="340" width="600"~]~]>>url:https://wiki.dragino.com/index.php/File:ABP_Issue-1.jpg]]
174 174  
175 175  Disable Frame Counter Check in ABP Mode
176 176  
177 177  
178 -= 5. Downstream Debug =
123 += Downstream Debug =
179 179  
180 -== 5.1 How it work ==
125 +== How it work ==
181 181  
182 182  LoRaWAN End node will open two receive windows to receive the downstream data. If the downstream packets arrive the end node at these receive windows, the end node will be able to get this packet and process it.
183 183  
184 -(((
185 185  Depends on Class A or Class C, the receive windows will be a little difference,
186 -)))
187 187  
188 -[[image:image-20220526164547-11.png]]
131 +[[~[~[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/images/thumb/1/1a/Downstream_LoRaWAN-1.png/600px-Downstream_LoRaWAN-1.png~|~|height="590" width="600"~]~]>>url:https://wiki.dragino.com/index.php/File:Downstream_LoRaWAN-1.png]]
189 189  
190 190  receive windows for Class A and Class C
191 191  
... ... @@ -195,171 +195,115 @@
195 195  * The LoRaWAN server must send a downstream packet, and the gateway forward this downstream packet for this end node.
196 196  * This downstream packet must arrive to the end node while RX1 or RX2 is open.
197 197  * This packet must match the frequency of the RX1 or RX2 window.
198 -* This packet must match the DataRate of RX1(RX1DR) or RX2 (RX2DR). **This is the common fail point, because different lorawan server might use different RX2DR and they don't info End Node via ADR message so cause the mismatch. If this happen, user need to change the RX2DR to the right value in end node. In OTAA, LoRaWAN Server will send the RX2DR setting in Join Accept message so the end node will auto adjust. but ABP uplink doesn't support this auto change.**
141 +* This packet must match the DataRate of RX1(RX1DR) or RX2 (RX2DR). This is the common fail point, because different lorawan server might use different RX2DR and they don't info End Node via ADR message so cause the mismatch. If this happen, user need to change the RX2DR to the right value in end node. In OTAA, LoRaWAN Server will send the RX2DR setting in Join Accept message so the end node will auto adjust. but ABP uplink doesn't support this auto change.
199 199  
200 -== 5.2 See Debug Info ==
201 201  
202 -(((
203 -**For LoRaWAN Server**
204 -)))
144 +== See Debug Info ==
205 205  
206 -(((
146 +For LoRaWAN Server
147 +
207 207  We can check if there is downlink message for this end node, use TTN for example:
208 -)))
209 209  
210 -(((
211 211  Configure a downstream to the end device
212 -)))
213 213  
214 -[[image:image-20220526164623-12.png]]
152 +[[~[~[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/images/thumb/8/82/Downstream_debug_1.png/600px-Downstream_debug_1.png~|~|height="217" width="600"~]~]>>url:https://wiki.dragino.com/index.php/File:Downstream_debug_1.png]]
215 215  
216 -(((
217 217  Set a downstream in TTN and see it is sent
218 -)))
219 219  
220 220  
221 -(((
222 222  This downstream info will then pass to the gateway downstream list. and include the DR which is used (SF9BW125) in EU868 is DR3
223 -)))
224 224  
225 -[[image:image-20220526164650-13.png]]
159 +[[~[~[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/images/thumb/d/dc/Downstream_debug_2.png/600px-Downstream_debug_2.png~|~|height="245" width="600"~]~]>>url:https://wiki.dragino.com/index.php/File:Downstream_debug_2.png]]
226 226  
227 -(((
228 228  Gateway Traffic can see this downstream info
229 -)))
230 230  
231 231  
232 -(((
233 -**For LoRaWAN Gateway**
234 -)))
164 +For LoRaWAN Gateway
235 235  
236 -(((
237 237  When the downstream packet appear on the traffic of Gateway page. The LoRaWAN gateway can get it from LoRaWAN server and transmit it. In Dragion Gateway, this can be checked by runinng "logread -f" in the SSH console. and see below:
238 -)))
239 239  
240 -[[image:image-20220526164734-14.png]]
168 +[[~[~[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/images/thumb/2/21/Downstream_debug_3.png/600px-Downstream_debug_3.png~|~|height="195" width="600"~]~]>>url:https://wiki.dragino.com/index.php/File:Downstream_debug_3.png]]
241 241  
242 -(((
243 243  Gateway Sent out this packet
244 -)))
245 245  
246 246  
247 -(((
248 -**For End Node**
249 -)))
173 +For End Node
250 250  
251 -(((
252 252  we can use AT Command (AT+CFG) to check the RX1 configure and RX2 configure. as below:
253 -)))
254 254  
255 -(((
256 -
257 -)))
177 +{{{AT+RX2FQ=869525000 ---> The RX2 Window frequency
178 +AT+RX2DR=3 ---> The RX2 DataRate
179 +AT+RX1DL=1000 ---> Receive Delay 1
180 +AT+RX2DL=2000 ---> Receive Delay 2
181 +}}}
258 258  
259 -(((
260 -(% class="box infomessage" %)
261 -(((
262 -AT+RX2FQ=869525000     ~-~--> The RX2 Window frequency
263 -AT+RX2DR=3      ~-~--> The RX2 DataRate
264 -AT+RX1DL=1000   ~-~--> Receive Delay 1
265 -AT+RX2DL=2000   ~-~--> Receive Delay 2
266 -)))
267 -)))
183 +when the device running, we can see below info:
268 268  
269 -(((
270 -**when the device running, we can see below info:**
271 -)))
185 +{{{[12502]***** UpLinkCounter= 0 *****
186 +[12503]TX on freq 868500000 Hz at DR 0
187 +[13992]txDone
188 +[15022]RX on freq 868500000 Hz at DR 0 --> RX1 window open at frequency: 868500000, DR0, after 15022-13992= 1030ms of txdone
189 +[15222]rxTimeOut --> no packet arrive in RX1 window. (duration: 200ms)
190 +[15987]RX on freq 869525000 Hz at DR 3 --> RX2 window open at frequency: 869525000, DR3, after 15987-13992= 1995ms of txdone
191 +[16027]rxTimeOut --> no packet arrive in RX2 window. (duration: 40 ms)
192 +}}}
272 272  
273 -{{{ [12502]***** UpLinkCounter= 0 *****
274 - [12503]TX on freq 868500000 Hz at DR 0
275 - [13992]txDone
276 - [15022]RX on freq 868500000 Hz at DR 0 --> RX1 window open at frequency: 868500000, DR0, after 15022-13992= 1030ms of txdone
277 - [15222]rxTimeOut --> no packet arrive in RX1 window. (duration: 200ms)
278 - [15987]RX on freq 869525000 Hz at DR 3 --> RX2 window open at frequency: 869525000, DR3, after 15987-13992= 1995ms of txdone
279 - [16027]rxTimeOut --> no packet arrive in RX2 window. (duration: 40 ms)}}}
194 +{{{Another message:
195 +[12502]***** UpLinkCounter= 0 *****
196 +[12503]TX on freq 868100000 Hz at DR 0
197 +[13992]txDone
198 +[15022]RX on freq 868100000 Hz at DR 0
199 +[15222]rxTimeOut
200 +[15987]RX on freq 869525000 Hz at DR 3
201 +[16185]rxDone --> We have got the downstream packet.
202 +Rssi= -64
203 +Receive data
204 +1:0012345678
205 +}}}
280 280  
281 -(((
282 -
283 -)))
207 +== If problem doesn’t solve ==
284 284  
285 -(((
286 -**Another message:**
287 -)))
209 +If user has checked below steps and still can't solve the problem, please send us (support @ dragino.com) the sceenshots for each step to check. They include:
288 288  
289 -{{{ [12502]***** UpLinkCounter= 0 *****
290 - [12503]TX on freq 868100000 Hz at DR 0
291 - [13992]txDone
292 - [15022]RX on freq 868100000 Hz at DR 0
293 - [15222]rxTimeOut
294 - [15987]RX on freq 869525000 Hz at DR 3
295 - [16185]rxDone --> We have got the downstream packet.
296 - Rssi= -64
297 - Receive data
298 - 1:0012345678}}}
299 -
300 -
301 -== 5.3 If problem doesn’t solve ==
302 -
303 -(% style="color:red" %)**If user has checked below steps and still can't solve the problem, please send us (support @ dragino.com) the sceenshots for each step to check. They include:**
304 -
305 305  * End node console to show the transmit freuqency and DR.
306 306  * Gateway (from gateway UI) traffic to show the packet got from end node and receive from Server.
307 307  * Gateway traffic (from server UI) to shows the data exchange between gateway and server.
308 308  * End Node traffic (from server UI) to shows end node activity in server.
309 309  
310 -= 6. Downlink Issue ~-~- Packet REJECTED, unsupported frequency =
311 311  
312 -(((
313 -In LoRaWAN, the gatewat will use the frequency specify by the server to transmit a packet as downlink purpose. Each Frequency band has different downlink frequency. and the gateway has a frequency range limited to transmit downlink.
314 -)))
315 315  
316 -(((
317 -
318 -)))
218 += Downlink Issue ~-~- Packet REJECTED, unsupported frequency =
319 319  
320 -(((
220 +In LoRaWAN, the gatewat will use the frequency specify by the server to transmit a packet as downlink purpose. Each Frequency band has different downlink frequency. and the gateway has a frequency range limited to transmit downlink.
221 +
321 321  So if the LoRaWAN server is an AS923 server which ask the gateway to transmit at 923.2Mhz frequency, but the gateway is IN868 frequency band (support 865~~867Mhz to transmit). In the gateway log it will show something like below:
322 -)))
323 323  
324 -{{{Sat Nov 21 08:04:17 2020 daemon.info lora_pkt_fwd[1680]: ERROR~ Packet REJECTED, unsupported frequency - 923200000 (min:865000000,max:867000000)}}}
224 +{{{Sat Nov 21 08:04:17 2020 daemon.info lora_pkt_fwd[1680]: ERROR~ Packet REJECTED, unsupported frequency - 923200000 (min:865000000,max:867000000)
225 +}}}
325 325  
326 -(((
327 -
328 -)))
329 -
330 -(((
331 331  In this case, please double check the gateway frequency and the server frequency band.
332 -)))
333 333  
334 334  
335 -= 7. Decrypt a LoRaWAN Packet =
336 336  
231 += Decrypt a LoRaWAN Packet =
232 +
337 337  ~1. LHT65 End device configure:
338 338  
339 -(% class="box infomessage" %)
340 -(((
341 341  Change to ABP Mode: AT+NJM=0
342 -)))
343 343  
344 -(% class="box infomessage" %)
345 -(((
346 346  Change to fix frequency: AT+CHS=904900000
347 -)))
348 348  
349 -(% class="box infomessage" %)
350 -(((
351 351  Change to fix DR: AT+DR=0
352 -)))
353 353  
354 -[[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/images/e/e6/Decrypt_a_LoRaWAN_Packet1.jpg||alt="Decrypt a LoRaWAN Packet1.jpg" height="607" width="558"]]
241 +[[~[~[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/images/e/e6/Decrypt_a_LoRaWAN_Packet1.jpg~|~|alt="Decrypt a LoRaWAN Packet1.jpg" height="607" width="558"~]~]>>url:https://wiki.dragino.com/index.php/File:Decrypt_a_LoRaWAN_Packet1.jpg]]
355 355  
356 356  2. In LG02 , configure to receive above message
357 357  
358 -[[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/images/c/c3/Decrypt_a_LoRaWAN_Packet2.jpg||alt="Decrypt a LoRaWAN Packet2.jpg" height="337" width="558"]]
245 +[[~[~[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/images/c/c3/Decrypt_a_LoRaWAN_Packet2.jpg~|~|alt="Decrypt a LoRaWAN Packet2.jpg" height="337" width="558"~]~]>>url:https://wiki.dragino.com/index.php/File:Decrypt_a_LoRaWAN_Packet2.jpg]]
359 359  
360 360  In LG02 console, we can see the hex receive are:
361 361  
362 -[[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/images/f/f1/Decrypt_a_LoRaWAN_Packet3.jpg||alt="Decrypt a LoRaWAN Packet3.jpg" height="179" width="558"]]
249 +[[~[~[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/images/f/f1/Decrypt_a_LoRaWAN_Packet3.jpg~|~|alt="Decrypt a LoRaWAN Packet3.jpg" height="179" width="558"~]~]>>url:https://wiki.dragino.com/index.php/File:Decrypt_a_LoRaWAN_Packet3.jpg]]
363 363  
364 364  3. Decode the info in web
365 365  
... ... @@ -375,94 +375,42 @@
375 375  
376 376  [[https:~~/~~/lorawan-packet-decoder-0ta6puiniaut.runkit.sh/?data=40c1190126800100024926272bf18bbb6341584e27e23245&nwkskey=00000000000000000000000000000111&appskey=00000000000000000000000000000111>>url:https://lorawan-packet-decoder-0ta6puiniaut.runkit.sh/?data=40c1190126800100024926272bf18bbb6341584e27e23245&nwkskey=00000000000000000000000000000111&appskey=00000000000000000000000000000111]]
377 377  
378 -[[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/images/7/77/Decrypt_a_LoRaWAN_Packet4.png||alt="Decrypt a LoRaWAN Packet4.png" height="390" width="558"]]
265 +[[~[~[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/images/7/77/Decrypt_a_LoRaWAN_Packet4.png~|~|alt="Decrypt a LoRaWAN Packet4.png" height="390" width="558"~]~]>>url:https://wiki.dragino.com/index.php/File:Decrypt_a_LoRaWAN_Packet4.png]]
379 379  
380 -(((
381 - The FRMPayload is the device payload.
382 -)))
267 +The FRMPayload is the device payload.
383 383  
384 384  
385 -= 8. Why i see uplink 0x00 periodcally on the LHT65 v1.8 firmware =
270 += Why i see uplink 0x00 periodcally on the LHT65 v1.8 firmware =
386 386  
387 387  Since firmware v1.8, LHT65 will send MAC command to request time, in the case if DR only support max 11 bytes, this MAC command will be bundled to a separate uplink payload with 0x00.
388 388  
389 -= 9. Why do I see a "MIC Mismatch" error message from the server? =
274 += Why do I see a "MIC Mismatch" error message from the server? =
390 390  
391 -(((
392 392  1)If the user receives a "MIC Mismatch" message after registering the node on the server.
393 -)))
394 394  
395 -(((
396 396  It is likely that the user filled in the wrong APPKEY when registering the node. Many users fill in "APPSKEY".
397 -)))
398 398  
399 -* (((
400 -Please note the distinction between "APPKEY" and "APPSKEY".
401 -)))
280 +* Please note the distinction between "APPKEY" and "APPSKEY".
402 402  
403 -(((
404 404  2）If the node works on the server for a period of time, the device stops working and receives a "MIC Mismatch" message.
405 -)))
406 406  
407 -(((
408 408  The user needs a USB-TTL adapter to connect the serial port to modify the node APPKEY.
409 -)))
410 410  
411 -* (((
412 -If a node is registered with multiple servers, it may also cause the "mic mismatch" error.
286 +* If a node is registered with multiple servers, it may also cause the "mic mismatch" error.
413 413  
414 -
415 -)))
288 += Why i got the payload only with "0x00" or "AA~=~="? =
416 416  
417 -= 10. Why i got the payload only with "0x00" or "AA~=~="? =
418 -
419 419  * If you are using US915, AU915 and AS923 frequencies.This is normal phenomenon.
420 420  
421 -(((
422 422  When using the frequency mentioned above, the server sometimes adjusts the rate of the node, because the node defaults to the adaptive rate.
423 -)))
424 424  
425 -(((
426 -When the server adjusts your node rate to 0, the maximum payload length is 11 bytes. The server sometimes sends an ADR packet to the node,and the node will reply to the server after receiving the ADR packet, but the number of payload bytes exceeds the limit,so it will send a normal uplink packet, and an additional 00 data packet.
427 -)))
294 +When the server adjusts your node rate to 0, the maximum payload length is 11 bytes. The server sometimes sends an ADR packet to the node,
428 428  
429 -* (((
430 -Solution: Use the decoder to filter out this 00 packet.
431 -)))
432 -* (((
433 -Some node decoders may not have filtering function, or you need decoders of other servers and formats. Please send an email to [[david.huang@dragino.cc>>mailto:david.huang@dragino.cc]]
296 +and the node will reply to the server after receiving the ADR packet, but the number of payload bytes exceeds the limit,
434 434  
298 +so it will send a normal uplink packet, and an additional 00 data packet.
435 435  
436 -
437 -)))
300 +* Solution: Use the decoder to filter out this 00 packet.
301 +* Some node decoders may not have filtering function, or you need decoders of other servers and formats. Please send an email to david.huang@dragino.cc
438 438  
439 -= 11. Why my Dev EUI and APP EUI is 0x000000000000, how to solve? =
440 -
441 -It is possible the keys is erased during upgrading of firmware. and the console output shows below after AT+CFG
442 -
443 -AT+APPKEY=00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
444 -
445 -AT+NWKSKEY=00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
446 -
447 -AT+APPSKEY=00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
448 -
449 -AT+APPEUI=00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
450 -
451 -
452 -You can get the keys from the box sticker or send mail to Dragino Support to check keys with the provided SN number.
453 -
454 -You can rewrites the keys by running commands in AT Console
455 -
456 -For example：
457 -
458 -AT+APPKEY=85 41 47 20 45 58 28 14 16 82 A0 F0 80 0D DD EE
459 -
460 -AT+NWKSKEY=AA CC B0 20 30 45 37 32 14 1E 14 93 E2 3B 20 11
461 -
462 -AT+APPSKEY=11 23 02 20 30 20 30 60 80 20 20 30 30 20 10 10
463 -
464 -AT+APPEUI=2C 45 47 E3 24 12 23 24
465 -
466 -(Any combination of 16 bit codes can be used）
467 -
468 -
303 +== ==
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