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Last modified by Xiaoling on 2025/05/05 08:51
From version 102.1
edited by Xiaoling
on 2025/05/05 08:51
Change comment: There is no comment for this version
To version 60.1
edited by Mengting Qiu
on 2024/01/29 15:24
Change comment: Uploaded new attachment "image-20240129152412-8.png", version {1}

Summary

Details

Page properties
Author
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1 -XWiki.Xiaoling
1 +XWiki.ting
Content
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26 26  
27 27  * What frequency the device is sending?
28 28  
29 -[[image:image-20240129142147-2.png||height="736" width="964"]]
29 +[[image:image-20240123182345-1.png||height="605" width="946"]]
30 30  
31 31  Console Output from End device to see the transmit frequency.
32 32  
... ... @@ -37,7 +37,7 @@
37 37  
38 38  * If the gateway gets the Join Accept message from server and transmit it via LoRa?
39 39  
40 -[[image:image-20240129151608-6.jpeg||height="725" width="1256"]]
40 +[[image:image-20220526163608-2.png]]
41 41  
42 42  Console Output from Gateway to see packets between end node and server.
43 43  
... ... @@ -50,7 +50,7 @@
50 50  
51 51  * If the Join Accept message are in correct frequency? If you set the server to use US915 band, and your end node and gateway is EU868, you will see the Join Accept message are in US915 band so no possible to Join success.
52 52  
53 -[[image:image-20240129150821-5.jpeg||height="522" width="1264"]]
53 +[[image:image-20220526163633-3.png]]
54 54  
55 55  The Traffic for the End node in the server, use TTN as example.
56 56  
... ... @@ -59,12 +59,13 @@
59 59  
60 60  * If this data page shows the Join Request message from the end node? If not, most properly you have wrong settings in the keys. Keys in the server doesn't match the keys in End Node.
61 61  
62 -[[image:image-20240129142557-3.png||height="488" width="1267"]]
62 +[[image:image-20240123150720-1.png||height="459" width="1182"]]
63 63  
64 64  The data for the end device set in server
65 65  
66 -[[image:image-20240129142631-4.png||height="637" width="1256"]]
67 67  
67 +[[image:image-20240123150943-2.png||height="556" width="1179"]]
68 +
68 68  Check if OTAA Keys match the keys in device.
69 69  
70 70  
... ... @@ -162,205 +162,10 @@
162 162  )))
163 163  
164 164  
165 -= 4. Why i see packet lost =
166 += 4. Transmision on ABP Mode =
166 166  
167 -== **1. Signal problem** ==
168 168  
169 -
170 -(% style="color:blue" %)**1)**(%%)  (% style="color:blue" %)**ADR automatic adjustment** (%%)
171 -
172 -**Reason:**
173 -
174 -When the signal is at a critical value, the server may configure the node to adjust to a lower power DR.
175 -At this time, the server is at risk of losing uplink.
176 -
177 -
178 -**Solution:**
179 -
180 -Users can manually fix the DR value.
181 -
182 -
183 -(% style="color:red" %)
184 -**Notice:**
185 -
186 -* User need to set Adaptive Data Rate(ADR)=0 first. otherwise device will respond to server's ADR command and change the DR according to server auto-adjustment.
187 -
188 -* Data Rate specifies Spreading Factor. The mapping varies in different frequency bands. User can check this link for detail. [[rp2-1.0.3-lorawan-regional-parameters.pdf>>https://lora-alliance.org/resource_hub/rp2-1-0-3-lorawan-regional-parameters/]]
189 -
190 -(% style="color:blue" %)**AT Command: AT+DR**
191 -
192 -(% border="1" cellspacing="4" style="background-color:#f2f2f2; width:409px" %)
193 -|(% style="background-color:#4f81bd; color:white; width:156px" %)**Command Example**|(% style="background-color:#4f81bd; color:white; width:147px" %)**Function**|(% style="background-color:#4f81bd; color:white; width:100px" %)**Response**
194 -|(% style="width:156px" %)AT+DR=?|(% style="width:147px" %)Get the Data Rate.|(% style="width:100px" %)5(((
195 -OK
196 -)))
197 -|(% style="width:156px" %)AT+DR=2|(% style="width:147px" %)Set the Data Rate.|(% style="width:100px" %)OK(((
198 -
199 -)))
200 -
201 -(% style="color:blue" %)**Downlink Command: 0x2200aaFF**
202 -
203 -If the downlink payload=220001FF, it means setting the data rate to 1, while type code is 22 00 aa FF.
204 -
205 -* **Example 1**: Downlink Payload: **220001FF**  ~/~/ Set AT+DR=1.
206 -
207 -* **Example 2**: Downlink Payload: **220000FF**  ~/~/ Set AT+DR=0.
208 -
209 -(% style="display:none" %) (%%)
210 -
211 -
212 -(% style="color:blue" %)**2)**(%%)  (% style="color:blue" %)**Node antenna problem**
213 -
214 -**Reason:**
215 -
216 -Node antenna is loose
217 -
218 -
219 -**Solution:**
220 -
221 -Please check whether the antenna interface and module interface are detached
222 -
223 -[[image:image-20250429114526-1.png||height="429" width="303"]]
224 -
225 -
226 -
227 -(% style="color:blue" %)**3) **(%%) (% style="color:blue" %)**Gateway antenna problem**
228 -
229 -**Reason:**
230 -Gateway uses antenna with wrong frequency band
231 -
232 -For example: 868-band gateway uses antenna with 915-band, which will cause the signal to be greatly reduced
233 -
234 -
235 -**Solution:**
236 -
237 -Please check whether the silk screen on the antenna conflicts with the frequency you set.
238 -
239 -[[image:image-20250429115124-2.png]][[image:image-20250429115159-3.png||height="550" width="224"]]
240 -
241 -
242 -(% style="color:blue" %)**4) **(%%) (% style="color:blue" %)**Gateway module problem**
243 -
244 -**Reason:**
245 -
246 -Gateway uses module with wrong frequency band
247 -For example: 868-band gateway uses module with 915-band, which will cause the signal to be greatly reduced
248 -
249 -
250 -**Solution:**
251 -
252 -Please check whether the silkscreen of the module conflicts with the frequency you set.
253 -
254 -[[image:image-20250429115951-5.png||height="288" width="384"]][[image:image-20250429133640-7.png||height="284" width="378"]]
255 -
256 -
257 -== **2. Frequency point problem** ==
258 -
259 -
260 -**Reason:**
261 -
262 -There are multiple frequency configurations in AS923/US915/AU915/CN470.
263 -
264 -The frequency point of the gateway or server is wrong or missing.
265 -
266 -
267 -**Solution:**
268 -
269 -Users need to check whether the server or gateway configuration is missing or has an incorrect frequency.
270 -
271 -The frequency range used in the dragino node is as follows
272 -
273 -
274 -== **3. Frequency band problem** ==
275 -
276 -
277 -**Reason:**
278 -
279 -When there are multiple gateways, the node cannot lock the frequency band.
280 -
281 -
282 -**Solution:**
283 -
284 284  (((
285 -By default, the frequency bands US915, AU915, CN470 work in 72 frequencies. Many gateways are 8 channel gateways, and in this case, the OTAA join time and uplink schedule is long and unpredictable while the end node is hopping in 72 frequencies.
286 -)))
287 -
288 -(((
289 -You can configure the end node to work in 8 channel mode by using the AT+CHE command. The 500kHz channels are always included for OTAA.
290 -)))
291 -
292 -(((
293 -
294 -)))
295 -
296 -(((
297 -For example, in (% style="color:blue" %)**US915**(%%) band, the frequency table is as below. By default, the end node will use all channels (0~~71) for OTAA Join process. After the OTAA Join, the end node will use these all channels (0~~71) to send uplink packets.
298 -)))
299 -
300 -[[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20LoRaWAN%20End%20Nodes/LSN50%20%26%20LSN50-V2%20-%20LoRaWAN%20Sensor%20Node%20User%20Manual/WebHome/image-20220627160940-13.png?rev=1.1||alt="image-20220627160940-13.png"]]
301 -
302 -
303 -(((
304 -When you use the TTN V3 network, the US915 frequency bands use are:
305 -)))
306 -
307 -* (((
308 -903.9 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
309 -)))
310 -* (((
311 -904.1 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
312 -)))
313 -* (((
314 -904.3 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
315 -)))
316 -* (((
317 -904.5 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
318 -)))
319 -* (((
320 -904.7 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
321 -)))
322 -* (((
323 -904.9 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
324 -)))
325 -* (((
326 -905.1 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
327 -)))
328 -* (((
329 -905.3 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
330 -)))
331 -* (((
332 -904.6 - SF8BW500
333 -)))
334 -
335 -(((
336 -Because the end node is now hopping in 72 frequency, it makes it difficult for the devices to Join the TTN V3 network and uplink data. To solve this issue, you can access the device via the AT commands and run:
337 -)))
338 -
339 -(((
340 -(% style="color:blue" %)**AT+CHE=2**
341 -)))
342 -
343 -(((
344 -(% style="color:blue" %)**ATZ**
345 -)))
346 -
347 -
348 -(((
349 -to set the end node to work in 8 channel mode. The device will work in Channel 8-15 & 64-71 for OTAA, and channel 8-15 for Uplink.
350 -)))
351 -
352 -(((
353 -The (% style="color:blue" %)**AU915**(%%) band is similar. Below are the AU915 Uplink Channels.
354 -
355 -[[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20LoRaWAN%20End%20Nodes/LSN50%20%26%20LSN50-V2%20-%20LoRaWAN%20Sensor%20Node%20User%20Manual/WebHome/image-20220627161124-14.png?rev=1.1||alt="image-20220627161124-14.png"]]
356 -
357 -
358 -)))
359 -
360 -= 5. Transmision on ABP Mode =
361 -
362 -
363 -(((
364 364  In ABP mode, there is a Frame Counter Checks. With this check enabled, the server will only accept the frame with a higher counter. If you reboot the device in ABP mode, the device will start from count 0, so you won't be able to see the frame update in server.
365 365  )))
366 366  
... ... @@ -379,20 +379,15 @@
379 379  Disable Frame Counter Check in ABP Mode
380 380  
381 381  
382 -= 6. Downstream Debug =
188 += 5. Downstream Debug =
383 383  
384 -== 6.1 How it work ==
190 +== 5.1 How it work ==
385 385  
386 386  
387 387  LoRaWAN End node will open two receive windows to receive the downstream data. If the downstream packets arrive the end node at these receive windows, the end node will be able to get this packet and process it.
388 388  
389 389  (((
390 -Depends on Class A or Class C, the receive windows will be a little difference. The main difference between Class A and Class C:
391 -
392 -* **Class A** : Suitable for Battery powered end node. Class A will save a lot of power but it can only receive downlink after each uplink
393 -* **Class C**: End node can receive downlink immediately but have higher power consumption.
394 -
395 -
196 +Depends on Class A or Class C, the receive windows will be a little difference.
396 396  )))
397 397  
398 398  [[image:image-20220531161828-1.png]]
... ... @@ -412,9 +412,10 @@
412 412  
413 413  * This packet must match the DataRate of RX1(RX1DR) or RX2 (RX2DR). (% style="color:red" %)**This is the common fail point, because different lorawan server might use different RX2DR and they don't info End Node via ADR message so cause the mismatch. If this happen, user need to change the RX2DR to the right value in end node. In OTAA, LoRaWAN Server will send the RX2DR setting in Join Accept message so the end node will auto adjust. but ABP uplink doesn't support this auto change.**
414 414  
415 -== 6.2 See Debug Info ==
416 416  
217 +== 5.2 See Debug Info ==
417 417  
219 +
418 418  (((
419 419  (% style="color:blue" %)**For LoRaWAN Server**
420 420  )))
... ... @@ -425,26 +425,23 @@
425 425  
426 426  (((
427 427  Configure a downlink to the end device
428 -
429 -[[image:image-20240129152412-8.png||height="486" width="1206"]]
430 430  )))
431 431  
232 +[[image:image-20240123163307-7.png||height="330" width="1125"]]
432 432  
433 433  (((
434 434  Set a downstream in TTN and see it is sent
435 435  )))
436 436  
437 -(% style="color:red" %)**Note: After the downlink command is successfully sent from the platform to the node, the downlink command is executed only after the platform receives the next uplink package from the node.**
438 438  
439 -
440 440  (((
441 -This downlink info will then pass to the gateway downlink list. and the DR which is used (SF7BW500) in US915 is DR5.
240 +This downstream info will then pass to the gateway downstream list. and include the DR which is used (SF9BW125) in EU868 is DR3
442 442  )))
443 443  
444 -[[image:image-20240129152049-7.png||height="463" width="1166"]]
243 +[[image:image-20220526164650-13.png]]
445 445  
446 446  (((
447 -Gateway Traffic can see this downlink info
246 +Gateway Traffic can see this downstream info
448 448  )))
449 449  
450 450  
... ... @@ -454,10 +454,10 @@
454 454  )))
455 455  
456 456  (((
457 -When the downlink packet appear on the traffic of Gateway page. The LoRaWAN gateway can get it from LoRaWAN server and transmit it. In Dragino Gateway, this can be checked by running "logread -f" in the SSH console. and see below:
256 +When the downstream packet appear on the traffic of Gateway page. The LoRaWAN gateway can get it from LoRaWAN server and transmit it. In Dragion Gateway, this can be checked by runinng "logread -f" in the SSH console. and see below:
458 458  )))
459 459  
460 -[[image:image-20240129154321-9.png]]
259 +[[image:image-20220526164734-14.png]]
461 461  
462 462  (((
463 463  Gateway Sent out this packet
... ... @@ -517,7 +517,7 @@
517 517   1:0012345678}}}
518 518  
519 519  
520 -== 6.3 If problem doesn't solve ==
319 +== 5.3 If problem doesn't solve ==
521 521  
522 522  
523 523  (% style="color:red" %)**If user has checked below steps and still can't solve the problem, please send us (support @ dragino.com) the sceenshots for each step to check. They include:**
... ... @@ -530,11 +530,11 @@
530 530  
531 531  * End Node traffic (from server UI) to shows end node activity in server.
532 532  
533 -= 7. Downlink Issue ~-~- Packet REJECTED, unsupported frequency =
332 += 6. Downlink Issue ~-~- Packet REJECTED, unsupported frequency =
534 534  
535 535  
536 536  (((
537 -In LoRaWAN, the gateway will use the frequency specify by the server to transmit a packet as downlink purpose. Each Frequency band has different downlink frequency. and the gateway has a frequency range limited to transmit downlink.
336 +In LoRaWAN, the gatewat will use the frequency specify by the server to transmit a packet as downlink purpose. Each Frequency band has different downlink frequency. and the gateway has a frequency range limited to transmit downlink.
538 538  )))
539 539  
540 540  (((
... ... @@ -556,72 +556,62 @@
556 556  )))
557 557  
558 558  
559 -= 8. Decrypt a LoRaWAN Packet =
358 += 7. Decrypt a LoRaWAN Packet =
560 560  
561 561  
562 -(% style="color:blue" %)**1. LHT65N End device configure:**
361 +(% style="color:blue" %)**1. LHT65 End device configure:**
563 563  
564 564  **Change to ABP Mode:  AT+NJM=0**
565 565  
566 -**Change to fix frequency:  ​​​​AT+CHE=1**
365 +**Change to fix frequency:  AT+CHS=904900000**
567 567  
367 +**Change to fix DR:  AT+DR=0**
568 568  
569 -**AT+CFG(Print configuration):**
570 570  
571 -[[image:image-20240129170603-7.png||height="697" width="545"]][[image:image-20240129163741-3.png||height="694" width="565"]]
370 +[[image:image-20220526165525-16.png]]
572 572  
573 573  
574 -**Configuration: **
575 575  
576 -[[image:image-20240129164219-4.png||height="612" width="440"]]
374 +(% style="color:blue" %)**2. In LG02 , configure to receive above message**
577 577  
376 +[[image:image-20220526165612-17.png]]
578 578  
579 579  
580 -(% style="color:blue" %)**2. In LPS8-v2, configure to receive above message**
379 +In LG02 console, we can see the hex receive are:
581 581  
582 -[[image:image-20240129164326-5.png||height="506" width="1114"]]
381 +[[image:image-20220526171112-21.png]]
583 583  
584 584  
585 -In LPS8-v2 console, we can see the Base64 receive are:
586 586  
587 -[[image:image-20240129170137-6.png||height="459" width="1116"]]
385 +(% style="color:blue" %)**3. Decode the info in web**
588 588  
387 +[[https:~~/~~/lorawan-packet-decoder-0ta6puiniaut.runkit.sh>>url:https://lorawan-packet-decoder-0ta6puiniaut.runkit.sh/]]
589 589  
590 -(% style="color:blue" %)**3. Decode the info in CMD(Command prompt window)**
389 +Need these three fields:
591 591  
592 -LoRa packet Base64 format:  QP~/~/~/~/+AFQACZv8Hjmc8gFTAkhMzU+75 **(from LPS8-v2)**
391 +LoRa packet hex format: 40c1190126800100024926272bf18bbb6341584e27e23245 (from LG02)
593 593  
594 -Then the instructions and format parsed in SecureCRT are:  ./node_modules/.bin/lora-packet-decode ~-~-base64 QP~/~/~/~/+AFQACZv8Hjmc8gFTAkhMzU+75
393 +AT+NWKSKEY=00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 01 11 (End node Network Session Key)
595 595  
395 +AT+APPSKEY=00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 01 11 (End Node App Session Key)
596 596  
597 -**Step1: Open CMD, Enter the gateway IP and port.(ssh root@gateway IP -p 22)**
598 598  
599 -[[image:image-20240129190752-17.png||height="338" width="901"]]
398 +[[https:~~/~~/lorawan-packet-decoder-0ta6puiniaut.runkit.sh/?data=40c1190126800100024926272bf18bbb6341584e27e23245&nwkskey=00000000000000000000000000000111&appskey=00000000000000000000000000000111>>url:https://lorawan-packet-decoder-0ta6puiniaut.runkit.sh/?data=40c1190126800100024926272bf18bbb6341584e27e23245&nwkskey=00000000000000000000000000000111&appskey=00000000000000000000000000000111]]
600 600  
601 -[[image:image-20240129191937-21.png||height="450" width="901"]]
400 +[[image:image-20220526171029-20.png]]
602 602  
402 +(((
403 + The FRMPayload is the device payload.
404 +)))
603 603  
604 -**Step2: Enter the command to download the LoRa parsing package.(npm install lora-packet)**
605 605  
606 -[[image:image-20240129192239-22.png||height="416" width="902"]]
407 += 8. Why I see uplink 0x00 periodically on the LHT65 v1.8 firmware =
607 607  
608 -[[image:image-20240129192549-23.png||height="459" width="898"]]
609 609  
610 -
611 -**Step3: Parse the gateway raw payload.(./node_modules/.bin/lora-packet-decode ~-~-base64 QP~/~/~/~/+AFQACZv8Hjmc8gFTAkhMzU+75)**
612 -
613 -[[image:image-20240129192908-24.png||height="477" width="907"]]
614 -
615 -[[image:image-20240129192954-25.png||height="485" width="916"]]
616 -
617 -
618 -= 9. Why I see uplink 0x00 periodically on the LHT65 v1.8 firmware =
619 -
620 -
621 621  Since firmware v1.8, LHT65 will send MAC command to request time, in the case if DR only support max 11 bytes, this MAC command will be bundled to a separate uplink payload with 0x00.
622 622  
623 623  
624 -= 10. Why do I see a "MIC Mismatch" error message from the server? =
413 += 9. Why do I see a "MIC Mismatch" error message from the server? =
625 625  
626 626  
627 627  (((
... ... @@ -659,7 +659,7 @@
659 659  4）We have had cases where it was automatically fixed the next day despite no manual changes, probably a server side issue
660 660  
661 661  
662 -= 11. Why I got the payload only with "0x00" or "AA~=~="? =
451 += 10. Why i got the payload only with "0x00" or "AA~=~="? =
663 663  
664 664  
665 665  (% style="color:blue" %)**Why sensor sends 0x00?**
... ... @@ -693,7 +693,7 @@
693 693  Some node decoders may not have the filter function, or you need decoders of other servers and formats. Please send an email to [[support@dragino.com>>mailto:support@dragino.com]]
694 694  
695 695  
696 -= 12. Why my Dev EUI and APP EUI is 0x000000000000, how to solve? =
485 += 11. Why my Dev EUI and APP EUI is 0x000000000000, how to solve? =
697 697  
698 698  
699 699  (((
... ... @@ -754,7 +754,7 @@
754 754  (Any combination of 16 bit codes can be used）
755 755  
756 756  
757 -= 13. I set my device is LoRaWAN Class C mode, why I still see Class A after boot? =
546 += 12. I set my device is LoRaWAN Class C mode, why i still see Class A after boot? =
758 758  )))
759 759  
760 760  
... ... @@ -761,7 +761,7 @@
761 761  Class C only refers to status after OTAA Join successfully. The OTAA Join Process will use Class A mode.
762 762  
763 763  
764 -= 14. Why it takes longer time for OTAA joined in US915/CN470/AU915 band? =
553 += 13. Why it takes longer time for OTAA joined in US915/CN470/AU915 band? =
765 765  
766 766  
767 767  In US915, AU915 or CN470 frequency band, there are 8 sub-bands, totally 72 channels. and LoRaWAN server normally use only one sub-band, for example Sub-band 2 in TTN. The gateway also configured to Sub-band 2 and cover eight channels in this sub-band. If the end node transfer data in Sub-band 2, it will reach to gateway and to the LoRaWAN server. If the end node transfer packets in other sub-bands, for example sub-band 1, the packet won't arrive both gateway or LoRaWAN server.
... ... @@ -785,3 +785,6 @@
785 785  
786 786  
787 787  [[image:image-20221215223215-1.png||height="584" width="1280"]]
577 +
578 +(% class="wikigeneratedid" %)
579 +
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