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Last modified by Xiaoling on 2025/05/05 08:51
From version 101.1
edited by Bei Jinggeng
on 2025/04/29 13:57
Change comment: There is no comment for this version
To version 89.1
edited by Mengting Qiu
on 2024/01/29 19:29
Change comment: Uploaded new attachment "image-20240129192908-24.png", version {1}

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1 -XWiki.Bei
1 +XWiki.ting
Content
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163 163  )))
164 164  
165 165  
166 -= 4. Why i see packet lost =
166 += 4. Transmision on ABP Mode =
167 167  
168 -== **1. Signal problem** ==
169 169  
170 -
171 -1)  (% style="color:blue" %)**ADR automatic adjustment** (%%)
172 -
173 -Reason:
174 -
175 -When the signal is at a critical value, the server may configure the node to adjust to a lower power DR.
176 -At this time, the server is at risk of losing uplink.
177 -
178 -
179 -Solution:
180 -
181 -Users can manually fix the DR value.
182 -
183 -
184 -(% style="color:red" %)
185 -**Notice:**
186 -
187 -* User need to set Adaptive Data Rate(ADR)=0 first. otherwise device will respond to server's ADR command and change the DR according to server auto-adjustment.
188 -
189 -* Data Rate specifies Spreading Factor. The mapping varies in different frequency bands. User can check this link for detail. [[rp2-1.0.3-lorawan-regional-parameters.pdf>>https://lora-alliance.org/resource_hub/rp2-1-0-3-lorawan-regional-parameters/]]
190 -
191 -(% style="color:blue" %)**AT Command: AT+DR**
192 -
193 -(% border="1" cellspacing="4" style="background-color:#f2f2f2; width:409px" %)
194 -|(% style="background-color:#4f81bd; color:white; width:156px" %)**Command Example**|(% style="background-color:#4f81bd; color:white; width:147px" %)**Function**|(% style="background-color:#4f81bd; color:white; width:100px" %)**Response**
195 -|(% style="width:156px" %)AT+DR=?|(% style="width:147px" %)Get the Data Rate.|(% style="width:100px" %)5(((
196 -OK
197 -)))
198 -|(% style="width:156px" %)AT+DR=2|(% style="width:147px" %)Set the Data Rate.|(% style="width:100px" %)OK(((
199 -
200 -)))
201 -
202 -(% style="color:blue" %)**Downlink Command: 0x2200aaFF**
203 -
204 -If the downlink payload=220001FF, it means setting the data rate to 1, while type code is 22 00 aa FF.
205 -
206 -* **Example 1**: Downlink Payload: **220001FF**  ~/~/ Set AT+DR=1.
207 -
208 -* **Example 2**: Downlink Payload: **220000FF**  ~/~/ Set AT+DR=0.
209 -
210 -(% style="display:none" %) (%%)
211 -
212 -
213 -2)  (% style="color:blue" %)**Node antenna problem**
214 -
215 -Reason:
216 -
217 -Node antenna is loose
218 -
219 -
220 -Solution:
221 -
222 -Please check whether the antenna interface and module interface are detached
223 -
224 -[[image:image-20250429114526-1.png||height="429" width="303"]]
225 -
226 -
227 -
228 -3) (% style="color:blue" %)**Gateway antenna problem**
229 -
230 -Reason:
231 -Gateway uses antenna with wrong frequency band
232 -
233 -For example: 868-band gateway uses antenna with 915-band, which will cause the signal to be greatly reduced
234 -
235 -
236 -Solution:
237 -
238 -Please check whether the silk screen on the antenna conflicts with the frequency you set.
239 -
240 -[[image:image-20250429115124-2.png]][[image:image-20250429115159-3.png||height="550" width="224"]]
241 -
242 -
243 -4) (% style="color:blue" %)**Gateway module problem**
244 -
245 -Reason:
246 -
247 -Gateway uses module with wrong frequency band
248 -For example: 868-band gateway uses module with 915-band, which will cause the signal to be greatly reduced
249 -
250 -
251 -Solution:
252 -
253 -Please check whether the silkscreen of the module conflicts with the frequency you set.
254 -
255 -[[image:image-20250429115951-5.png||height="288" width="384"]][[image:image-20250429133640-7.png||height="284" width="378"]]
256 -
257 -
258 -== **2. Frequency point problem** ==
259 -
260 -Reason:
261 -
262 -There are multiple frequency configurations in AS923/US915/AU915/CN470.
263 -
264 -The frequency point of the gateway or server is wrong or missing.
265 -
266 -
267 -Solution:
268 -
269 -Users need to check whether the server or gateway configuration is missing or has an incorrect frequency.
270 -
271 -The frequency range used in the dragino node is as follows
272 -
273 -
274 -== **3. Frequency band problem** ==
275 -
276 -Reason:
277 -
278 -When there are multiple gateways, the node cannot lock the frequency band.
279 -
280 -
281 -Solution:
282 -
283 283  (((
284 -By default, the frequency bands US915, AU915, CN470 work in 72 frequencies. Many gateways are 8 channel gateways, and in this case, the OTAA join time and uplink schedule is long and unpredictable while the end node is hopping in 72 frequencies.
285 -)))
286 -
287 -(((
288 -You can configure the end node to work in 8 channel mode by using the AT+CHE command. The 500kHz channels are always included for OTAA.
289 -)))
290 -
291 -(((
292 -
293 -)))
294 -
295 -(((
296 -For example, in (% style="color:blue" %)**US915**(%%) band, the frequency table is as below. By default, the end node will use all channels (0~~71) for OTAA Join process. After the OTAA Join, the end node will use these all channels (0~~71) to send uplink packets.
297 -)))
298 -
299 -[[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20LoRaWAN%20End%20Nodes/LSN50%20%26%20LSN50-V2%20-%20LoRaWAN%20Sensor%20Node%20User%20Manual/WebHome/image-20220627160940-13.png?rev=1.1||alt="image-20220627160940-13.png"]]
300 -
301 -
302 -(((
303 -When you use the TTN V3 network, the US915 frequency bands use are:
304 -)))
305 -
306 -* (((
307 -903.9 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
308 -)))
309 -* (((
310 -904.1 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
311 -)))
312 -* (((
313 -904.3 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
314 -)))
315 -* (((
316 -904.5 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
317 -)))
318 -* (((
319 -904.7 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
320 -)))
321 -* (((
322 -904.9 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
323 -)))
324 -* (((
325 -905.1 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
326 -)))
327 -* (((
328 -905.3 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
329 -)))
330 -* (((
331 -904.6 - SF8BW500
332 -)))
333 -
334 -(((
335 -Because the end node is now hopping in 72 frequency, it makes it difficult for the devices to Join the TTN V3 network and uplink data. To solve this issue, you can access the device via the AT commands and run:
336 -)))
337 -
338 -(((
339 -(% style="color:blue" %)**AT+CHE=2**
340 -)))
341 -
342 -(((
343 -(% style="color:blue" %)**ATZ**
344 -)))
345 -
346 -
347 -(((
348 -to set the end node to work in 8 channel mode. The device will work in Channel 8-15 & 64-71 for OTAA, and channel 8-15 for Uplink.
349 -)))
350 -
351 -(((
352 -The (% style="color:blue" %)**AU915**(%%) band is similar. Below are the AU915 Uplink Channels.
353 -
354 -[[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/download/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20LoRaWAN%20End%20Nodes/LSN50%20%26%20LSN50-V2%20-%20LoRaWAN%20Sensor%20Node%20User%20Manual/WebHome/image-20220627161124-14.png?rev=1.1||alt="image-20220627161124-14.png"]]
355 -
356 -
357 -)))
358 -
359 -= 5. Transmision on ABP Mode =
360 -
361 -
362 -(((
363 363  In ABP mode, there is a Frame Counter Checks. With this check enabled, the server will only accept the frame with a higher counter. If you reboot the device in ABP mode, the device will start from count 0, so you won't be able to see the frame update in server.
364 364  )))
365 365  
... ... @@ -378,20 +378,15 @@
378 378  Disable Frame Counter Check in ABP Mode
379 379  
380 380  
381 -= 6. Downstream Debug =
188 += 5. Downstream Debug =
382 382  
383 -== 6.1 How it work ==
190 +== 5.1 How it work ==
384 384  
385 385  
386 386  LoRaWAN End node will open two receive windows to receive the downstream data. If the downstream packets arrive the end node at these receive windows, the end node will be able to get this packet and process it.
387 387  
388 388  (((
389 -Depends on Class A or Class C, the receive windows will be a little difference. The main difference between Class A and Class C:
390 -
391 -* **Class A** : Suitable for Battery powered end node. Class A will save a lot of power but it can only receive downlink after each uplink
392 -* **Class C**: End node can receive downlink immediately but have higher power consumption.
393 -
394 -
196 +Depends on Class A or Class C, the receive windows will be a little difference.
395 395  )))
396 396  
397 397  [[image:image-20220531161828-1.png]]
... ... @@ -411,7 +411,7 @@
411 411  
412 412  * This packet must match the DataRate of RX1(RX1DR) or RX2 (RX2DR). (% style="color:red" %)**This is the common fail point, because different lorawan server might use different RX2DR and they don't info End Node via ADR message so cause the mismatch. If this happen, user need to change the RX2DR to the right value in end node. In OTAA, LoRaWAN Server will send the RX2DR setting in Join Accept message so the end node will auto adjust. but ABP uplink doesn't support this auto change.**
413 413  
414 -== 6.2 See Debug Info ==
216 +== 5.2 See Debug Info ==
415 415  
416 416  
417 417  (((
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516 516   1:0012345678}}}
517 517  
518 518  
519 -== 6.3 If problem doesn't solve ==
321 +== 5.3 If problem doesn't solve ==
520 520  
521 521  
522 522  (% style="color:red" %)**If user has checked below steps and still can't solve the problem, please send us (support @ dragino.com) the sceenshots for each step to check. They include:**
... ... @@ -529,7 +529,7 @@
529 529  
530 530  * End Node traffic (from server UI) to shows end node activity in server.
531 531  
532 -= 7. Downlink Issue ~-~- Packet REJECTED, unsupported frequency =
334 += 6. Downlink Issue ~-~- Packet REJECTED, unsupported frequency =
533 533  
534 534  
535 535  (((
... ... @@ -555,7 +555,7 @@
555 555  )))
556 556  
557 557  
558 -= 8. Decrypt a LoRaWAN Packet =
360 += 7. Decrypt a LoRaWAN Packet =
559 559  
560 560  
561 561  (% style="color:blue" %)**1. LHT65N End device configure:**
... ... @@ -588,50 +588,44 @@
588 588  
589 589  
590 590  
591 -(% style="color:blue" %)**3. Decode the info in CMD(Command prompt window)**
393 +(% style="color:blue" %)**3. Decode the info in SecureCRT**
592 592  
593 -LoRa packet Base64 format:  QP~/~/~/~/+AFQACZv8Hjmc8gFTAkhMzU+75 **(from LPS8-v2)**
395 +[[SecureCRT - The rock-solid Telnet and SSH client for Windows, Mac, and Linux (vandyke.com)>>url:https://www.vandyke.com/products/securecrt/]]
594 594  
397 +LoRa packet Base64 format:  QP~/~/~/~/+AFQACZv8Hjmc8gFTAkhMzU+75 (from LPS8-v2)
398 +
595 595  Then the instructions and format parsed in SecureCRT are:  ./node_modules/.bin/lora-packet-decode ~-~-base64 QP~/~/~/~/+AFQACZv8Hjmc8gFTAkhMzU+75
596 596  
597 597  
598 -**Step1: Open CMD, Enter the gateway IP and port.(ssh root@gateway IP -p 22)**
402 +**Step1: In the SecureCRT access gateway control interface, enter the command to download the parsing package: npm install lora-packet.**
599 599  
600 -[[image:image-20240129190752-17.png||height="338" width="901"]]
404 +[[image:image-20240129173810-9.png||height="389" width="1070"]]
601 601  
602 -[[image:image-20240129191937-21.png||height="450" width="901"]]
406 +[[image:image-20240129173932-10.png||height="350" width="1084"]]
603 603  
408 +[[image:image-20240129174125-11.png||height="338" width="1078"]]
604 604  
605 -**Step2: Enter the command to download the LoRa parsing package.(npm install lora-packet)**
606 606  
607 -[[image:image-20240129192239-22.png||height="416" width="902"]]
411 +**Step2: Parse the raw data from the gateway.**
608 608  
609 -[[image:image-20240129192549-23.png||height="459" width="898"]]
413 +[[image:image-20240129174948-14.png]]
610 610  
611 611  
612 -**Step3: Parse the gateway raw payload.(./node_modules/.bin/lora-packet-decode ~-~-base64 QP~/~/~/~/+AFQACZv8Hjmc8gFTAkhMzU+75)**
416 +[[image:image-20240129175037-15.png||height="619" width="1144"]]
613 613  
614 614  
615 615  
616 616  
617 -[[image:image-20240129192908-24.png||height="477" width="907"]]
618 618  
619 619  
620 -[[image:image-20240129192954-25.png||height="485" width="916"]]
621 621  
424 += 8. Why I see uplink 0x00 periodically on the LHT65 v1.8 firmware =
622 622  
623 623  
624 -
625 -
626 -
627 -
628 -= 9. Why I see uplink 0x00 periodically on the LHT65 v1.8 firmware =
629 -
630 -
631 631  Since firmware v1.8, LHT65 will send MAC command to request time, in the case if DR only support max 11 bytes, this MAC command will be bundled to a separate uplink payload with 0x00.
632 632  
633 633  
634 -= 10. Why do I see a "MIC Mismatch" error message from the server? =
430 += 9. Why do I see a "MIC Mismatch" error message from the server? =
635 635  
636 636  
637 637  (((
... ... @@ -669,7 +669,7 @@
669 669  4）We have had cases where it was automatically fixed the next day despite no manual changes, probably a server side issue
670 670  
671 671  
672 -= 11. Why I got the payload only with "0x00" or "AA~=~="? =
468 += 10. Why I got the payload only with "0x00" or "AA~=~="? =
673 673  
674 674  
675 675  (% style="color:blue" %)**Why sensor sends 0x00?**
... ... @@ -703,7 +703,7 @@
703 703  Some node decoders may not have the filter function, or you need decoders of other servers and formats. Please send an email to [[support@dragino.com>>mailto:support@dragino.com]]
704 704  
705 705  
706 -= 12. Why my Dev EUI and APP EUI is 0x000000000000, how to solve? =
502 += 11. Why my Dev EUI and APP EUI is 0x000000000000, how to solve? =
707 707  
708 708  
709 709  (((
... ... @@ -764,7 +764,7 @@
764 764  (Any combination of 16 bit codes can be used）
765 765  
766 766  
767 -= 13. I set my device is LoRaWAN Class C mode, why I still see Class A after boot? =
563 += 12. I set my device is LoRaWAN Class C mode, why I still see Class A after boot? =
768 768  )))
769 769  
770 770  
... ... @@ -771,7 +771,7 @@
771 771  Class C only refers to status after OTAA Join successfully. The OTAA Join Process will use Class A mode.
772 772  
773 773  
774 -= 14. Why it takes longer time for OTAA joined in US915/CN470/AU915 band? =
570 += 13. Why it takes longer time for OTAA joined in US915/CN470/AU915 band? =
775 775  
776 776  
777 777  In US915, AU915 or CN470 frequency band, there are 8 sub-bands, totally 72 channels. and LoRaWAN server normally use only one sub-band, for example Sub-band 2 in TTN. The gateway also configured to Sub-band 2 and cover eight channels in this sub-band. If the end node transfer data in Sub-band 2, it will reach to gateway and to the LoRaWAN server. If the end node transfer packets in other sub-bands, for example sub-band 1, the packet won't arrive both gateway or LoRaWAN server.
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