Last modified by Edwin Chen on 2025/01/29 20:30
From version 1.1 >
edited by Xiaoling
on 2022/05/11 13:43
To version < 14.1 >
edited by Xiaoling
on 2022/05/26 16:38
>
Change comment: Uploaded new attachment "image-20220526163801-6.png", version {1}

Summary

Details

Page properties
Content
... ... @@ -1,4 +1,8 @@
1 +**~ Contents:**
2 +
3 +(((
1 1  
5 +)))
2 2  
3 3  {{toc/}}
4 4  
... ... @@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
6 6  = 1. OTAA Join Process Debug =
7 7  
8 8  These pages are useful to check what is wrong on the Join process. Below shows the four steps that we can check the Join Process.
9 -\\If user has checked below steps and still can't solve the problem, please send us (support @ dragino.com) the sceenshots for each step to check. They include:
13 +\\**If user has checked below steps and still can't solve the problem, please send us (support @ dragino.com) the sceenshots for each step to check. They include:**
10 10  
11 11  * End node console to show the Join freuqency and DR. (If possible)
12 12  * Gateway (from gateway UI) traffic to show the packet got from end node and receive from Server. (If possible)
... ... @@ -14,13 +14,12 @@
14 14  * End Node traffic (from server UI) to shows end node activity in server. (Normaly possible)
15 15  * End Node Keys screen shot shows in end node and server. so we can check if the keys are correct. (In most case, we found keys doesn't match, especially APP EUI)
16 16  
17 -
18 18  **~1. End Device Join Screen shot, we can check:**
19 19  
20 20  * If the device is sending join request to server?
21 21  * What frequency the device is sending?
22 22  
23 -[[~[~[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/images/thumb/0/0f/OTAA_Join-1.jpg/600px-OTAA_Join-1.jpg~|~|height="316" width="600"~]~]>>url:https://wiki.dragino.com/index.php/File:OTAA_Join-1.jpg]]
26 +[[image:image-20220526163523-1.png]]
24 24  
25 25  Console Output from End device to see the transmit frequency
26 26  
... ... @@ -30,7 +30,7 @@
30 30  * If the gateway receive the Join request packet from sensor? (If this fail, check if the gateway and sensor works on the match frequency)
31 31  * If the gateway gets the Join Accept message from server and transmit it via LoRa?
32 32  
33 -[[~[~[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/images/thumb/1/1c/OTAA_Join-2.png/600px-OTAA_Join-2.png~|~|height="325" width="600"~]~]>>url:https://wiki.dragino.com/index.php/File:OTAA_Join-2.png]]
36 +[[image:image-20220526163608-2.png]]
34 34  
35 35  Console Output from Gateway to see packets between end node and server.
36 36  
... ... @@ -41,7 +41,7 @@
41 41  * If the server send back a Join Accept for the Join Request? if not, check if the keys from the device match the keys you put in the server, or try to choose a different server route for this end device.
42 42  * If the Join Accept message are in correct frequency? If you set the server to use US915 band, and your end node and gateway is EU868, you will see the Join Accept message are in US915 band so no possible to Join success.
43 43  
44 -[[~[~[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/images/thumb/5/5c/OTAA_Join-3.png/600px-OTAA_Join-3.png~|~|height="301" width="600"~]~]>>url:https://wiki.dragino.com/index.php/File:OTAA_Join-3.png]]
47 +[[image:image-20220526163633-3.png]]
45 45  
46 46  The Traffic for the End node in the server, use TTN as example
47 47  
... ... @@ -50,70 +50,122 @@
50 50  
51 51  * If this data page shows the Join Request message from the end node? If not, most properly you have wrong settings in the keys. Keys in the server doesn't match the keys in End Node.
52 52  
53 -[[~[~[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/images/thumb/e/ec/OTAA_Join-4.png/600px-OTAA_Join-4.png~|~|height="181" width="600"~]~]>>url:https://wiki.dragino.com/index.php/File:OTAA_Join-4.png]]
56 +[[image:image-20220526163704-4.png]]
54 54  
55 55  The data for the end device set in server
56 56  
57 -[[~[~[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/images/thumb/b/b1/OTAA_Join-5.png/600px-OTAA_Join-5.png~|~|height="166" width="600"~]~]>>url:https://wiki.dragino.com/index.php/File:OTAA_Join-5.png]]
60 +[[image:image-20220526163732-5.png]]
58 58  
59 59  Check if OTAA Keys match the keys in device
60 60  
61 61  
62 -= Notice of US915/CN470/AU915 Frequency band =
65 += 2. Notice of US915/CN470/AU915 Frequency band =
63 63  
67 +(((
64 64  If user has problem to work with lorawan server in band US915/AU915/CN470, he can check:
69 +)))
65 65  
66 -* What sub-band the server support ?
67 -* What is the sub-band the gateway support ?
68 -* What is the sub-band the end node is using ?
71 +* (((
72 +What **sub-band** the server support ?
73 +)))
74 +* (((
75 +What is the **sub-band** the gateway support ?
76 +)))
77 +* (((
78 +What is the **sub-band** the end node is using ?
79 +)))
69 69  
81 +(((
70 70  All of above should match so End Node can properly Join the server and don't have packet lost.
83 +)))
71 71  
85 +(((
86 +
87 +)))
88 +
89 +(((
72 72  In LoRaWAN protocol, the frequency bands US915, AU915, CN470 each includes at least 72 frequencies. Many gateways support only 8 or 16 frequencies, and server might support 8 frequency only. In this case, the OTAA join time and uplink schedule is long and unpredictable while the end node is hopping in 72 frequencies, because the end node will send data in many frequency that the gateway or server doesn,t support.
91 +)))
73 73  
93 +(((
94 +
95 +)))
96 +
97 +(((
74 74  Here are the freuqency tables for these bands as reference:
99 +)))
75 75  
76 -[[~[~[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/images/thumb/3/3f/US915_FRE_BAND-1.png/600px-US915_FRE_BAND-1.png~|~|height="170" width="600"~]~]>>url:https://wiki.dragino.com/index.php/File:US915_FRE_BAND-1.png]]
101 +[[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/images/thumb/3/3f/US915_FRE_BAND-1.png/600px-US915_FRE_BAND-1.png||height="170" width="600"]]
77 77  
78 78  US915 Channels
79 79  
80 -[[~[~[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/images/thumb/8/8a/AU915_FRE_BAND-1.png/600px-AU915_FRE_BAND-1.png~|~|height="167" width="600"~]~]>>url:https://wiki.dragino.com/index.php/File:AU915_FRE_BAND-1.png]]
105 +[[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/images/thumb/8/8a/AU915_FRE_BAND-1.png/600px-AU915_FRE_BAND-1.png||height="167" width="600"]]
81 81  
82 82  AU915 Channels
83 83  
84 -[[~[~[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/images/thumb/3/3a/CN470_FRE_BAND-1.png/600px-CN470_FRE_BAND-1.png~|~|height="205" width="600"~]~]>>url:https://wiki.dragino.com/index.php/File:CN470_FRE_BAND-1.png]]
109 +[[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/images/thumb/3/3a/CN470_FRE_BAND-1.png/600px-CN470_FRE_BAND-1.png||height="205" width="600"]]
85 85  
111 +(((
86 86  CN470 Channels
113 +)))
87 87  
115 +(((
88 88  If we look at the [[TTN network server frequency plan>>url:https://www.thethingsnetwork.org/docs/lorawan/frequency-plans.html]], we can see the US915 frequency band use the channel 8~~15.So the End Node must work at the same frequency in US915 8~~15 channels for TTN server.
117 +)))
89 89  
90 -[[~[~[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/images/thumb/9/9a/US915_FRE_BAND-2.png/600px-US915_FRE_BAND-2.png~|~|height="288" width="600"~]~]>>url:https://wiki.dragino.com/index.php/File:US915_FRE_BAND-2.png]]
119 +[[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/images/thumb/9/9a/US915_FRE_BAND-2.png/600px-US915_FRE_BAND-2.png||height="288" width="600"]]
91 91  
121 +(((
92 92  TTN FREQUENCY PLAN
123 +)))
93 93  
125 +(((
94 94  In dragino end node, user can use AT+CHE command to set what frequencies set the end node will use. The default settings for Dragino end node are preconfigure for TTN server, so use 8~~15 channels, which is **AT+CHE=2**. (AT+CHE=1 for first 8 channels, AT+CHE=2 for second 8 channels.. etc, and AT+CHE=0 for all 72 channels. )
127 +)))
95 95  
96 96  
97 -= Why i see data lost/unperiocially uplink data? Even the signal strength is good =
130 += 3. Why i see data lost/unperiocially uplink data? Even the signal strength is good =
98 98  
99 99  In this case, we can check if the frequency band matches in End Node, Gateway and LoRaWAN server. A typical case is using US915 in ChirpStack server as below:
100 100  
101 -* End node ~-~-> Use Sub-band2 (Channel 8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15) for Dragino Sensor. ADR is also enable, this is the default settings for dragino sensors.
102 -* Gateway ~-~-> Use Sub-band2 (Channel 8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15) for Dragino Gateway. this is the default settings for dragino sensors.
103 -* LoRaWAN server ~-~-> ChirpStack default installation and use Sub-band1, **enabled_uplink_channels=[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]** in the file chirpstack-network-server.toml.
134 +* **End node** ~-~-> Use Sub-band2 (Channel 8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15) for Dragino Sensor. ADR is also enable, this is the default settings for dragino sensors.
135 +* **Gateway** ~-~-> Use Sub-band2 (Channel 8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15) for Dragino Gateway. this is the default settings for dragino sensors.
136 +* **LoRaWAN server** ~-~-> ChirpStack default installation and use Sub-band1, **enabled_uplink_channels=[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]** in the file chirpstack-network-server.toml.
104 104  
138 +(((
105 105  When Sensor power on, it will use sub-band2 to join the network, the frequency matches the settings in gateway so all Join Request will be passed to the server for Join. Server will ask the sensor to change to Sub-band1 in the Join Accept downlink message. Sensor will change to sub-band1 for data upload. This cause the sensor and gateway have different frequencies so user see lost of most data or even no data.
140 +)))
106 106  
142 +(((
143 +
144 +)))
145 +
146 +(((
107 107  Use Subband2 as a default subband cause the sensor to have problem to work with the LoRaWAN server which use other subband, and use need to access to the end node to change the subband by console. that is not user frendily,. So since Dragino LoRaWAN Stack version DLS-005(release on end of 2020), we have changed the device to use All Subbands for OTAA join, for example, device will use the first frequency in Sub-Band1 as firt OTAA join packet, then use the first frequency in Sub-Band 2 , then first frequency in sub-band 3, and so on. LoRaWAN server will normally provide the required subband in the OTAA accept process, so end node will know what subband it use after join. If LoRaWAN server doesn't provide subband info in OTAA join, end node will use the subband which join success as the working subband. So the new method cause a longer OTAA Join time but will be compatible with all LoRaWAN server. And new method won't affect the normal uplink after Join Success.
148 +)))
108 108  
109 109  
110 -= Transmision on ABP Mode =
151 += 4. Transmision on ABP Mode =
111 111  
153 +(((
112 112  In ABP mode, there is a Frame Counter Checks. With this check enabled, the server will only accept the frame with a higher counter. If you reboot the device in ABP mode, the device will start from count 0, so you won't be able to see the frame update in server.
155 +)))
113 113  
157 +(((
158 +
159 +)))
160 +
161 +(((
114 114  So in ABP mode, first check if the packet already arrive your gateway, if the packet arrive gatewat but didn't arrive server. Please check if this is the issue.
163 +)))
115 115  
165 +(((
166 +
167 +)))
168 +
169 +(((
116 116  To solve this, disable the Frame Counter Check will solve this issue , or reset the frame counter in the device page.
171 +)))
117 117  
118 118  [[~[~[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/images/thumb/1/19/ABP_Issue-1.jpg/600px-ABP_Issue-1.jpg~|~|height="340" width="600"~]~]>>url:https://wiki.dragino.com/index.php/File:ABP_Issue-1.jpg]]
119 119  
... ... @@ -120,15 +120,17 @@
120 120  Disable Frame Counter Check in ABP Mode
121 121  
122 122  
123 -= Downstream Debug =
178 += 5. Downstream Debug =
124 124  
125 -== How it work ==
180 +== 5.1 How it work ==
126 126  
127 127  LoRaWAN End node will open two receive windows to receive the downstream data. If the downstream packets arrive the end node at these receive windows, the end node will be able to get this packet and process it.
128 128  
184 +(((
129 129  Depends on Class A or Class C, the receive windows will be a little difference,
186 +)))
130 130  
131 -[[~[~[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/images/thumb/1/1a/Downstream_LoRaWAN-1.png/600px-Downstream_LoRaWAN-1.png~|~|height="590" width="600"~]~]>>url:https://wiki.dragino.com/index.php/File:Downstream_LoRaWAN-1.png]]
188 +[[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/images/thumb/1/1a/Downstream_LoRaWAN-1.png/600px-Downstream_LoRaWAN-1.png||height="590" width="600"]]
132 132  
133 133  receive windows for Class A and Class C
134 134  
... ... @@ -138,115 +138,170 @@
138 138  * The LoRaWAN server must send a downstream packet, and the gateway forward this downstream packet for this end node.
139 139  * This downstream packet must arrive to the end node while RX1 or RX2 is open.
140 140  * This packet must match the frequency of the RX1 or RX2 window.
141 -* This packet must match the DataRate of RX1(RX1DR) or RX2 (RX2DR). This is the common fail point, because different lorawan server might use different RX2DR and they don't info End Node via ADR message so cause the mismatch. If this happen, user need to change the RX2DR to the right value in end node. In OTAA, LoRaWAN Server will send the RX2DR setting in Join Accept message so the end node will auto adjust. but ABP uplink doesn't support this auto change.
198 +* This packet must match the DataRate of RX1(RX1DR) or RX2 (RX2DR). **This is the common fail point, because different lorawan server might use different RX2DR and they don't info End Node via ADR message so cause the mismatch. If this happen, user need to change the RX2DR to the right value in end node. In OTAA, LoRaWAN Server will send the RX2DR setting in Join Accept message so the end node will auto adjust. but ABP uplink doesn't support this auto change.**
142 142  
200 +== 5.2 See Debug Info ==
143 143  
144 -== See Debug Info ==
202 +(((
203 +**For LoRaWAN Server**
204 +)))
145 145  
146 -For LoRaWAN Server
147 -
206 +(((
148 148  We can check if there is downlink message for this end node, use TTN for example:
208 +)))
149 149  
210 +(((
150 150  Configure a downstream to the end device
212 +)))
151 151  
152 -[[~[~[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/images/thumb/8/82/Downstream_debug_1.png/600px-Downstream_debug_1.png~|~|height="217" width="600"~]~]>>url:https://wiki.dragino.com/index.php/File:Downstream_debug_1.png]]
214 +[[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/images/thumb/8/82/Downstream_debug_1.png/600px-Downstream_debug_1.png||height="217" width="600"]]
153 153  
216 +(((
154 154  Set a downstream in TTN and see it is sent
218 +)))
155 155  
156 156  
221 +(((
157 157  This downstream info will then pass to the gateway downstream list. and include the DR which is used (SF9BW125) in EU868 is DR3
223 +)))
158 158  
159 -[[~[~[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/images/thumb/d/dc/Downstream_debug_2.png/600px-Downstream_debug_2.png~|~|height="245" width="600"~]~]>>url:https://wiki.dragino.com/index.php/File:Downstream_debug_2.png]]
225 +[[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/images/thumb/d/dc/Downstream_debug_2.png/600px-Downstream_debug_2.png||height="245" width="600"]]
160 160  
227 +(((
161 161  Gateway Traffic can see this downstream info
229 +)))
162 162  
163 163  
164 -For LoRaWAN Gateway
232 +(((
233 +**For LoRaWAN Gateway**
234 +)))
165 165  
236 +(((
166 166  When the downstream packet appear on the traffic of Gateway page. The LoRaWAN gateway can get it from LoRaWAN server and transmit it. In Dragion Gateway, this can be checked by runinng "logread -f" in the SSH console. and see below:
238 +)))
167 167  
168 -[[~[~[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/images/thumb/2/21/Downstream_debug_3.png/600px-Downstream_debug_3.png~|~|height="195" width="600"~]~]>>url:https://wiki.dragino.com/index.php/File:Downstream_debug_3.png]]
240 +[[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/images/thumb/2/21/Downstream_debug_3.png/600px-Downstream_debug_3.png||height="195" width="600"]]
169 169  
242 +(((
170 170  Gateway Sent out this packet
244 +)))
171 171  
172 172  
173 -For End Node
247 +(((
248 +**For End Node**
249 +)))
174 174  
251 +(((
175 175  we can use AT Command (AT+CFG) to check the RX1 configure and RX2 configure. as below:
253 +)))
176 176  
177 -{{{AT+RX2FQ=869525000 ---> The RX2 Window frequency
178 -AT+RX2DR=3 ---> The RX2 DataRate
179 -AT+RX1DL=1000 ---> Receive Delay 1
180 -AT+RX2DL=2000 ---> Receive Delay 2
181 -}}}
255 +(((
256 +
257 +)))
182 182  
183 -when the device running, we can see below info:
259 +(((
260 +(% class="box infomessage" %)
261 +(((
262 +AT+RX2FQ=869525000     ~-~--> The RX2 Window frequency
263 +AT+RX2DR=3      ~-~--> The RX2 DataRate
264 +AT+RX1DL=1000   ~-~--> Receive Delay 1
265 +AT+RX2DL=2000   ~-~--> Receive Delay 2
266 +)))
267 +)))
184 184  
185 -{{{[12502]***** UpLinkCounter= 0 *****
186 -[12503]TX on freq 868500000 Hz at DR 0
187 -[13992]txDone
188 -[15022]RX on freq 868500000 Hz at DR 0 --> RX1 window open at frequency: 868500000, DR0, after 15022-13992= 1030ms of txdone
189 -[15222]rxTimeOut --> no packet arrive in RX1 window. (duration: 200ms)
190 -[15987]RX on freq 869525000 Hz at DR 3 --> RX2 window open at frequency: 869525000, DR3, after 15987-13992= 1995ms of txdone
191 -[16027]rxTimeOut --> no packet arrive in RX2 window. (duration: 40 ms)
192 -}}}
269 +(((
270 +**when the device running, we can see below info:**
271 +)))
193 193  
194 -{{{Another message:
195 -[12502]***** UpLinkCounter= 0 *****
196 -[12503]TX on freq 868100000 Hz at DR 0
197 -[13992]txDone
198 -[15022]RX on freq 868100000 Hz at DR 0
199 -[15222]rxTimeOut
200 -[15987]RX on freq 869525000 Hz at DR 3
201 -[16185]rxDone --> We have got the downstream packet.
202 -Rssi= -64
203 -Receive data
204 -1:0012345678
205 -}}}
273 +{{{ [12502]***** UpLinkCounter= 0 *****
274 + [12503]TX on freq 868500000 Hz at DR 0
275 + [13992]txDone
276 + [15022]RX on freq 868500000 Hz at DR 0 --> RX1 window open at frequency: 868500000, DR0, after 15022-13992= 1030ms of txdone
277 + [15222]rxTimeOut --> no packet arrive in RX1 window. (duration: 200ms)
278 + [15987]RX on freq 869525000 Hz at DR 3 --> RX2 window open at frequency: 869525000, DR3, after 15987-13992= 1995ms of txdone
279 + [16027]rxTimeOut --> no packet arrive in RX2 window. (duration: 40 ms)}}}
206 206  
207 -== If problem doesn’t solve ==
281 +(((
282 +
283 +)))
208 208  
209 -If user has checked below steps and still can't solve the problem, please send us (support @ dragino.com) the sceenshots for each step to check. They include:
285 +(((
286 +**Another message:**
287 +)))
210 210  
289 +{{{ [12502]***** UpLinkCounter= 0 *****
290 + [12503]TX on freq 868100000 Hz at DR 0
291 + [13992]txDone
292 + [15022]RX on freq 868100000 Hz at DR 0
293 + [15222]rxTimeOut
294 + [15987]RX on freq 869525000 Hz at DR 3
295 + [16185]rxDone --> We have got the downstream packet.
296 + Rssi= -64
297 + Receive data
298 + 1:0012345678}}}
299 +
300 +== 5.3 If problem doesn’t solve ==
301 +
302 +**If user has checked below steps and still can't solve the problem, please send us (support @ dragino.com) the sceenshots for each step to check. They include:**
303 +
211 211  * End node console to show the transmit freuqency and DR.
212 212  * Gateway (from gateway UI) traffic to show the packet got from end node and receive from Server.
213 213  * Gateway traffic (from server UI) to shows the data exchange between gateway and server.
214 214  * End Node traffic (from server UI) to shows end node activity in server.
215 215  
309 += 6. Downlink Issue ~-~- Packet REJECTED, unsupported frequency =
216 216  
217 -
218 -= Downlink Issue ~-~- Packet REJECTED, unsupported frequency =
219 -
311 +(((
220 220  In LoRaWAN, the gatewat will use the frequency specify by the server to transmit a packet as downlink purpose. Each Frequency band has different downlink frequency. and the gateway has a frequency range limited to transmit downlink.
313 +)))
221 221  
315 +(((
316 +
317 +)))
318 +
319 +(((
222 222  So if the LoRaWAN server is an AS923 server which ask the gateway to transmit at 923.2Mhz frequency, but the gateway is IN868 frequency band (support 865~~867Mhz to transmit). In the gateway log it will show something like below:
321 +)))
223 223  
224 -{{{Sat Nov 21 08:04:17 2020 daemon.info lora_pkt_fwd[1680]: ERROR~ Packet REJECTED, unsupported frequency - 923200000 (min:865000000,max:867000000)
225 -}}}
323 +{{{Sat Nov 21 08:04:17 2020 daemon.info lora_pkt_fwd[1680]: ERROR~ Packet REJECTED, unsupported frequency - 923200000 (min:865000000,max:867000000)}}}
226 226  
325 +(((
326 +
327 +)))
328 +
329 +(((
227 227  In this case, please double check the gateway frequency and the server frequency band.
331 +)))
228 228  
229 229  
334 += 7. Decrypt a LoRaWAN Packet =
230 230  
231 -= Decrypt a LoRaWAN Packet =
232 -
233 233  ~1. LHT65 End device configure:
234 234  
338 +(% class="box infomessage" %)
339 +(((
235 235  Change to ABP Mode: AT+NJM=0
341 +)))
236 236  
343 +(% class="box infomessage" %)
344 +(((
237 237  Change to fix frequency: AT+CHS=904900000
346 +)))
238 238  
348 +(% class="box infomessage" %)
349 +(((
239 239  Change to fix DR: AT+DR=0
351 +)))
240 240  
241 -[[~[~[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/images/e/e6/Decrypt_a_LoRaWAN_Packet1.jpg~|~|alt="Decrypt a LoRaWAN Packet1.jpg" height="607" width="558"~]~]>>url:https://wiki.dragino.com/index.php/File:Decrypt_a_LoRaWAN_Packet1.jpg]]
353 +[[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/images/e/e6/Decrypt_a_LoRaWAN_Packet1.jpg||alt="Decrypt a LoRaWAN Packet1.jpg" height="607" width="558"]]
242 242  
243 243  2. In LG02 , configure to receive above message
244 244  
245 -[[~[~[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/images/c/c3/Decrypt_a_LoRaWAN_Packet2.jpg~|~|alt="Decrypt a LoRaWAN Packet2.jpg" height="337" width="558"~]~]>>url:https://wiki.dragino.com/index.php/File:Decrypt_a_LoRaWAN_Packet2.jpg]]
357 +[[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/images/c/c3/Decrypt_a_LoRaWAN_Packet2.jpg||alt="Decrypt a LoRaWAN Packet2.jpg" height="337" width="558"]]
246 246  
247 247  In LG02 console, we can see the hex receive are:
248 248  
249 -[[~[~[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/images/f/f1/Decrypt_a_LoRaWAN_Packet3.jpg~|~|alt="Decrypt a LoRaWAN Packet3.jpg" height="179" width="558"~]~]>>url:https://wiki.dragino.com/index.php/File:Decrypt_a_LoRaWAN_Packet3.jpg]]
361 +[[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/images/f/f1/Decrypt_a_LoRaWAN_Packet3.jpg||alt="Decrypt a LoRaWAN Packet3.jpg" height="179" width="558"]]
250 250  
251 251  3. Decode the info in web
252 252  
... ... @@ -262,42 +262,94 @@
262 262  
263 263  [[https:~~/~~/lorawan-packet-decoder-0ta6puiniaut.runkit.sh/?data=40c1190126800100024926272bf18bbb6341584e27e23245&nwkskey=00000000000000000000000000000111&appskey=00000000000000000000000000000111>>url:https://lorawan-packet-decoder-0ta6puiniaut.runkit.sh/?data=40c1190126800100024926272bf18bbb6341584e27e23245&nwkskey=00000000000000000000000000000111&appskey=00000000000000000000000000000111]]
264 264  
265 -[[~[~[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/images/7/77/Decrypt_a_LoRaWAN_Packet4.png~|~|alt="Decrypt a LoRaWAN Packet4.png" height="390" width="558"~]~]>>url:https://wiki.dragino.com/index.php/File:Decrypt_a_LoRaWAN_Packet4.png]]
377 +[[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/images/7/77/Decrypt_a_LoRaWAN_Packet4.png||alt="Decrypt a LoRaWAN Packet4.png" height="390" width="558"]]
266 266  
267 -The FRMPayload is the device payload.
379 +(((
380 + The FRMPayload is the device payload.
381 +)))
268 268  
269 269  
270 -= Why i see uplink 0x00 periodcally on the LHT65 v1.8 firmware =
384 += 8. Why i see uplink 0x00 periodcally on the LHT65 v1.8 firmware =
271 271  
272 272  Since firmware v1.8, LHT65 will send MAC command to request time, in the case if DR only support max 11 bytes, this MAC command will be bundled to a separate uplink payload with 0x00.
273 273  
274 -= Why do I see a "MIC Mismatch" error message from the server? =
388 += 9. Why do I see a "MIC Mismatch" error message from the server? =
275 275  
390 +(((
276 276  1)If the user receives a "MIC Mismatch" message after registering the node on the server.
392 +)))
277 277  
394 +(((
278 278  It is likely that the user filled in the wrong APPKEY when registering the node. Many users fill in "APPSKEY".
396 +)))
279 279  
280 -* Please note the distinction between "APPKEY" and "APPSKEY".
398 +* (((
399 +Please note the distinction between "APPKEY" and "APPSKEY".
400 +)))
281 281  
402 +(((
282 282  2）If the node works on the server for a period of time, the device stops working and receives a "MIC Mismatch" message.
404 +)))
283 283  
406 +(((
284 284  The user needs a USB-TTL adapter to connect the serial port to modify the node APPKEY.
408 +)))
285 285  
286 -* If a node is registered with multiple servers, it may also cause the "mic mismatch" error.
410 +* (((
411 +If a node is registered with multiple servers, it may also cause the "mic mismatch" error.
287 287  
288 -= Why i got the payload only with "0x00" or "AA~=~="? =
413 +
414 +)))
289 289  
416 += 10. Why i got the payload only with "0x00" or "AA~=~="? =
417 +
290 290  * If you are using US915, AU915 and AS923 frequencies.This is normal phenomenon.
291 291  
420 +(((
292 292  When using the frequency mentioned above, the server sometimes adjusts the rate of the node, because the node defaults to the adaptive rate.
422 +)))
293 293  
294 -When the server adjusts your node rate to 0, the maximum payload length is 11 bytes. The server sometimes sends an ADR packet to the node,
424 +(((
425 +When the server adjusts your node rate to 0, the maximum payload length is 11 bytes. The server sometimes sends an ADR packet to the node,and the node will reply to the server after receiving the ADR packet, but the number of payload bytes exceeds the limit,so it will send a normal uplink packet, and an additional 00 data packet.
426 +)))
295 295  
296 -and the node will reply to the server after receiving the ADR packet, but the number of payload bytes exceeds the limit,
428 +* (((
429 +Solution: Use the decoder to filter out this 00 packet.
430 +)))
431 +* (((
432 +Some node decoders may not have filtering function, or you need decoders of other servers and formats. Please send an email to [[david.huang@dragino.cc>>mailto:david.huang@dragino.cc]]
297 297  
298 -so it will send a normal uplink packet, and an additional 00 data packet.
299 299  
300 -* Solution: Use the decoder to filter out this 00 packet.
301 -* Some node decoders may not have filtering function, or you need decoders of other servers and formats. Please send an email to david.huang@dragino.cc
435 +
436 +)))
302 302  
303 -== ==
438 += 11. Why my Dev EUI and APP EUI is 0x000000000000, how to solve? =
439 +
440 +It is possible the keys is erased during upgrading of firmware. and the console output shows below after AT+CFG
441 +
442 +AT+APPKEY=00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
443 +
444 +AT+NWKSKEY=00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
445 +
446 +AT+APPSKEY=00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
447 +
448 +AT+APPEUI=00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
449 +
450 +
451 +You can get the keys from the box sticker or send mail to Dragino Support to check keys with the provided SN number.
452 +
453 +You can rewrites the keys by running commands in AT Console
454 +
455 +For example：
456 +
457 +AT+APPKEY=85 41 47 20 45 58 28 14 16 82 A0 F0 80 0D DD EE
458 +
459 +AT+NWKSKEY=AA CC B0 20 30 45 37 32 14 1E 14 93 E2 3B 20 11
460 +
461 +AT+APPSKEY=11 23 02 20 30 20 30 60 80 20 20 30 30 20 10 10
462 +
463 +AT+APPEUI=2C 45 47 E3 24 12 23 24
464 +
465 +(Any combination of 16 bit codes can be used）
466 +
467 +
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