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1		-XWiki.ting
	1	+XWiki.Edwin

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6	6
7		-
8		-
9	9	= 1.  OverView =
10	10
11	11
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12	12	In real-world deployment for LoRa, distance is a common topic. We always want to have the longest distance. This chapter shows some instructions for how to improve this.
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14	14
	13	+
15	15	= 2.  Analyze at the software side =
16	16
17	17	== 2.1  LoRa parameters that effect distance ==
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37	37
38	38	**End node actually value when TXP=0 and DR=0**
39	39
40		-(% border="1.5" cellspacing="4" style="background-color:#f2f2f2; width:1002px" %)
41		-|(% style="background-color:#d9e2f3; width:134px" %)**Frequency band**|(% style="background-color:#d9e2f3; width:400px" %)**Output Power in LoRa Module (consider 2dB antenna)**|(% style="background-color:#d9e2f3; width:362px" %)(((
	39	+(% border="1.5" cellspacing="4" style="background-color:#ffffcc; color:black; width:1002px" %)
	40	+|(% style="width:134px" %)**Frequency band**|(% style="width:400px" %)**Output Power in LoRa Module (consider 2dB antenna)**|(% style="width:362px" %)(((
42	42	**Spreading Factor(Higher SF can transmit further)**
43		-)))|(% style="background-color:#d9e2f3; width:102px" %)**Band Width**
	42	+)))|(% style="width:102px" %)**Band Width**
44	44	|(% style="width:134px" %)**EU868**|(% style="width:400px" %)14dBm|(% style="width:362px" %)SF=12|(% style="width:102px" %)125Khz
45	45	|(% style="width:134px" %)**US915**|(% style="width:400px" %)20 or 22 dBm (depends on max output of module)|(% style="width:362px" %)SF=10|(% style="width:102px" %)125Khz
46	46	|(% style="width:134px" %)**AS923**|(% style="width:400px" %)14dBm|(% style="width:362px" %)SF=12|(% style="width:102px" %)125Khz
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48	48	== 2.2  Adaptive Data Rate (ADR) and set max distance ==
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50	50
51		-(% style="color:#037691" %)**ADR**(%%) is the feature that Server will ask End Node to adjust the TXP and DR according to some rules in the server. This is for the purpose of Network Management and Optimize End Node battery life-time.
	50	+**ADR** is the feature that Server will ask End Node to adjust the TXP and DR according to some rules in the server. This is for the purpose of Network Management and Optimize End Node battery life-time.
52	52
53	53
54	54	By default, ADR is turn on((% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+ADR=1**) (%%)so End node ADR feature is enable.
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58	58
59	59	(% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+ADR=0**
60	60
61		-(% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+DR=0     **~/~/(%%) Use longest distance modulation
	60	+(% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+DR=0**
62	62
63		-(% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+TXP=0   **(%%)~/~/ Use max power   For EU868, max power can be is AT+TXP=50
	62	+(% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+TXP=0**
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66	66	This can be downlink via the LoRaWAN downlink command, see [[this link>>url:http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/End%20Device%20AT%20Commands%20and%20Downlink%20Command/#H8.2UseDownlinkCommandtosetafixuplinkDR]] for reference.
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68	68
	68	+
69	69	== 2.3  Check for short distance problem ==
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71	71
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78	78	[[image:image-20221006185826-3.png]]
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80	80
	81	+
81	81	== 2.4  Best software settings for the longest distance ==
82	82
83	83
84	84	Below are the settings for longest distance transmission. ( will reduce battery life)
85	85
86		-* (% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+ADR=0**          (%%)~/~/  Disable ADR  (% style="color:#037691" %)**(downlinkpayload: 2200FFFF)**
87		-* (% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+DR=0**         (%%)~/~/  Use the smallest DR,the longest distance modulation (% style="color:#037691" %)**(downlinkpayload: 220000FF)**
88		-* (% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+TXP=0**      (%%)~/~/  Use max power   For EU868, max power can be is AT+TXP=50 (% style="color:#037691" %)** (downlinkpayload: 22000000)**
	87	+* (% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+ADR=0**     (%%)~/~/  Disable ADR
	88	+* (% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+DR=  0**     (%%)~/~/  Use the smallest DR
	89	+* (% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+TXP=0**    (%%) ~/~/  Use max power.
89	89
90		-== 2.5 Debug in Software ==
91		-
92		-Dragino can help client to debug the software for the distance issue. In the case , please send us below info:
93		-
94		-* Detail packets include for Join Request, Join Accept, Uplink & Downlink, These packets should include:
95		-** RSSI, DataRate, FCNT, Frequency.
96		-** MIC command detail & Payload detail.
97		-
98	98	= 3.  Analyze at the hardware side =
99	99
100		-== 3.1  Check if the antenna path is good ~-~- For LSN50v2 series end node ==
	93	+== 3.1  Check if the antenna path is good ~-~- For LSn50v2 series end node ==
101	101
102	102
103	103	a) Open Enclosure and Check if the antenna connection to module is good.
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108	108	[[image:image-20221016081725-1.png||height="426" width="706"]]
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110	110
	104	+
111	111	= 4.  Installation Guidelines =
112	112
113	113	== 4.1  Check the use environment ==
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135	135	In some case, we have to install the device inside the chamber or next to a metal case. So the signal between the antenna and the receiver (gateway) is blocked by the metal. This will greatly reduce the signal. In such case, we can consider using antenna extend cable to extend the antenna to a better position.
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	132	+
138	138	= 5.  Some real-world case =
139	139
140	140	== 5.1  Server reason cause end node has problem on Join. ==
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174	174	[[image:image-20221101000006-1.png||height="353" width="931"]]
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176	176
177		-= 6. Use a repeater =
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179	179
180		-In some cases, user can consider use a repeater for limitation transmition.
181		-
182		-See here for how to set up: [[http:~~/~~/wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/LoRaWAN%20IoT%20Kit%20v3%20User%20Manual/#H7.Example6:LimitedLoRaWANrelay >>http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/User%20Manual%20for%20All%20Gateway%20models/LoRaWAN%20IoT%20Kit%20v3%20User%20Manual/#H7.Example6:LimitedLoRaWANrelay]]
183		-
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