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Wiki source code of End Device Frequency Band

Version 14.2 by Xiaoling on 2023/02/02 15:37
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Xiaoling 3.1 1 (% class="wikigeneratedid" id="HEndDeviceFrequencyBand" %)
Xiaoling 12.2 2 **Table of** **Contents：**
Xiaoling 1.1 3
Xiaoling 3.1 4 {{toc/}}
Xiaoling 1.1 5
Xiaoling 8.1 6
7
8
Xiaoling 3.1 9 = 1. Introduction =
Xiaoling 1.1 10
Xiaoling 12.2 11
Xiaoling 1.1 12 This page list the default frequency band for Dragino End Devices. The frequency bands are base on TTN Frequency Bands. User can modify upgrade firmware to support different frequency band or use AT Command to change the sub band in some frequency bands.
13
14 * TTN Frequency Band Settings: [[https:~~/~~/www.thethingsnetwork.org/docs/lorawan/frequency-plans.html>>url:https://www.thethingsnetwork.org/docs/lorawan/frequency-plans.html]]
15 * Frequency Bands vs Country List : Page 11 of [[LoRaWAN Regional Parameters RP2-1.0.3>>url:https://resources.lora-alliance.org/technical-specifications/rp2-1-0-3-lorawan-regional-parameters]]
16
Xiaoling 5.1 17
Xiaoling 14.2 18
Xiaoling 3.1 19 = 2. OTAA Join Behaviour =
Xiaoling 1.1 20
Xiaoling 12.2 21
Xiaoling 1.1 22 For 005 LoRaWAN stack: to save battery, once boot, device will make first make 200 tries for OTAA Join, the time period of two Join Requests will depends on the DR and the airtime requirement. After this 200 Join finish, device will send a join request every 20 minutes. If device reboot, it will do above loop again.
23
Xiaoling 3.6 24 (((
Xiaoling 1.1 25 For 005 LoRaWAN Stack:
Xiaoling 3.6 26 )))
Xiaoling 1.1 27
28 * EU868 OTAA Join DR select. SF7->SF8->SF9->SF10->SF11->SF12; Each 3 attempts and then loop
29 * US915 and AU915 OTAA Join procedure,. End node by default will use all 72 channels to join and it will be set to use the proper sub-band after Join success
30
Xiaoling 11.6 31
Xiaoling 14.2 32
Xiaoling 3.1 33 = 3. Default Frequency Bands =
Xiaoling 1.1 34
Xiaoling 3.1 35 == 3.1 AS923 ==
Xiaoling 1.1 36
Xiaoling 3.1 37 === 3.1.1 Notice for AS923 Frequency Bands ===
Xiaoling 1.1 38
Xiaoling 12.2 39
Xiaoling 3.6 40 (((
Xiaoling 1.1 41 Since [[RP002-1.0.1LoRaWAN Regional Parameters>>url:https://lora-alliance.org/sites/default/files/2020-02/rp_2-1.0.1.pdf]], AS923 include three different default settings for different countries: AS923-1, AS923-2 and AS923-3.
Xiaoling 3.6 42 )))
Xiaoling 1.1 43
Xiaoling 3.6 44 (((
Xiaoling 1.1 45 AS923-1 use the same default uplink frequency as previous AS923 firmware. AS923-2 and AS923-3 are new with different default uplink frequency. User need to know exactly the frequency bands from the LoRaWAN server and choose the right firmware version for the end node.
Xiaoling 3.6 46 )))
Xiaoling 1.1 47
48
Xiaoling 3.1 49 === 3.1.2 AS920-923 & AS923-925 : AS923-1 (AS923) ===
Xiaoling 1.1 50
Xiaoling 12.2 51
Edwin Chen 12.1 52 * **Countries**: Malaysia,
Xiaoling 1.1 53 * Default Uplink channel:
54 ** 923.2 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
55 ** 923.4 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
56
57 * Additional Uplink Channel: These channels are set during OTAA Join process from server. Below are the settings from TTN
58 * AS920~~AS923:
59 ** 922.2 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
60 ** 922.4 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
61 ** 922.6 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
62 ** 922.8 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
63 ** 923.0 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
64 ** 922.0 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
65
66 * AS923 ~~ AS925:
67 ** 923.6 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
68 ** 923.8 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
69 ** 924.0 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
70 ** 924.2 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
71 ** 924.4 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
72 ** 924.6 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
73
74 * Downlink:
75 ** Uplink channels 1-8 (RX1)
76 ** 923.2 - SF10BW125 (RX2)
77
Xiaoling 11.7 78
Xiaoling 14.2 79
Xiaoling 3.1 80 === 3.1.3 AS923-2 ===
Xiaoling 1.1 81
Xiaoling 12.2 82
Xiaoling 1.1 83 * Default Uplink channel:
84 ** 921.4 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
85 ** 921.6 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
86
87 * Additional Uplink Channels: These channels are set during OTAA Join process from server.
88
89 * Downlink:
90 ** Uplink channels 1-8 (RX1)
91 ** 921.4 - SF10BW125 (RX2)
92
Xiaoling 11.8 93
Xiaoling 14.2 94
Xiaoling 3.1 95 === 3.1.4 AS923-3 ===
Xiaoling 1.1 96
Xiaoling 12.2 97
Xiaoling 1.1 98 * Default Uplink channel:
99 ** 916.6 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
100 ** 916.8 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
101
102 * Additional Uplink Channels: These channels are set during OTAA Join process from server.
103
104 * Downlink:
105 ** Uplink channels 1-8 (RX1)
106 ** 916.6 - SF10BW125 (RX2)
107
Xiaoling 11.9 108
Xiaoling 14.2 109
Xiaoling 3.1 110 === 3.1.5 AS923-4 ===
Xiaoling 1.1 111
Xiaoling 12.2 112
Edwin Chen 2.1 113 * Countries : Israel
Xiaoling 1.1 114 * Default Uplink channel:
115 ** 917.3 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
116 ** 917.5 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
117
118 * Additional Uplink Channels: These channels are set during OTAA Join process from server.
119 * Downlink:
120 ** Uplink channels 1-8 (RX1)
121 ** 917.3 - SF10BW125 (RX2)
122
Xiaoling 11.10 123
Xiaoling 14.2 124
Xiaoling 3.1 125 == 3.2 AU915-928(AU915) ==
Xiaoling 1.1 126
Xiaoling 12.2 127
Xiaoling 1.1 128 **Before [[Dragino DLS-005 LoRaWAN Stack>>url:https://www.dragino.com/downloads/downloads/LoRa_End_Node/DR-LWS/changelog]]** , Default use CHE=2
129
130 * Uplink:
131 ** 916.8 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
132 ** 917.0 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
133 ** 917.2 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
134 ** 917.4 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
135 ** 917.6 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
136 ** 917.8 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
137 ** 918.0 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
138 ** 918.2 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
139
140 * Downlink:
141 ** 923.3 - SF7BW500 to SF12BW500
142 ** 923.9 - SF7BW500 to SF12BW500
143 ** 924.5 - SF7BW500 to SF12BW500
144 ** 925.1 - SF7BW500 to SF12BW500
145 ** 925.7 - SF7BW500 to SF12BW500
146 ** 926.3 - SF7BW500 to SF12BW500
147 ** 926.9 - SF7BW500 to SF12BW500
148 ** 927.5 - SF7BW500 to SF12BW500
149 ** 923.3 - SF12BW500(RX2 downlink only)
150
Xiaoling 3.8 151 (((
Xiaoling 1.1 152 There is a issue if the end node is fixed at sub-band2. The sensor won't be able to register to other sub-band and can only works for the LoRaWAN server use sub-band2 , such as TTN. To solve this, user need to use a USB-TTL adapter to connect to the end node to manually set the sub-band which is very inconvinient.
Xiaoling 3.8 153 )))
Xiaoling 1.1 154
Xiaoling 3.8 155
156 (((
Xiaoling 1.1 157 So since **Since [[Dragino DLS-005 LoRaWAN Stack>>url:https://www.dragino.com/downloads/downloads/LoRa_End_Node/DR-LWS/changelog]]**, To make sure the end node supports all sub band by default. In the OTAA Join process, the end node will use frequency 1 from sub-band1, then frequency 1 from sub-band2, then frequency 1 from sub-band3, etc to process the OTAA join.
Xiaoling 3.8 158 )))
Xiaoling 1.1 159
Xiaoling 3.8 160
161 (((
Xiaoling 1.1 162 After Join success, the end node will switch to the correct sub band by:
Xiaoling 3.8 163 )))
Xiaoling 1.1 164
Xiaoling 3.8 165 * (((
166 Check what sub-band the LoRaWAN server ask from the OTAA Join Accept message and switch to that sub-band
167 )))
168 * (((
Xiaoling 13.3 169 Use the Join successful sub-band if the server doesn't include sub-band info in the OTAA Join Accept message ( TTN v2 doesn't include)
Xiaoling 6.1 170
Xiaoling 12.2 171
Xiaoling 6.1 172
Xiaoling 3.8 173 )))
Xiaoling 1.1 174
Xiaoling 3.1 175 == 3.3 CN470-510 (CN470) ==
Xiaoling 1.1 176
Xiaoling 12.2 177
Xiaoling 1.1 178 Used in China, Default use CHE=1
179
180 * Uplink:
181 ** 486.3 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
182 ** 486.5 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
183 ** 486.7 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
184 ** 486.9 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
185 ** 487.1 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
186 ** 487.3 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
187 ** 487.5 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
188 ** 487.7 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
189
190 * Downlink:
191 ** 506.7 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
192 ** 506.9 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
193 ** 507.1 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
194 ** 507.3 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
195 ** 507.5 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
196 ** 507.7 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
197 ** 507.9 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
198 ** 508.1 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
199 ** 505.3 - SF12BW125 (RX2 downlink only)
200
Xiaoling 11.11 201
Xiaoling 14.2 202
Xiaoling 3.1 203 == 3.4 EU863-870 (EU868) ==
Xiaoling 1.1 204
Xiaoling 12.2 205
Xiaoling 1.1 206 * Uplink:
207 ** 868.1 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
208 ** 868.3 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125 and SF7BW250
209 ** 868.5 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
210 ** 867.1 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
211 ** 867.3 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
212 ** 867.5 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
213 ** 867.7 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
214 ** 867.9 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
215 ** 868.8 - FSK
216
217 * Downlink:
218 ** Uplink channels 1-9 (RX1)
219 ** 869.525 - SF9BW125 (RX2 downlink only)
220
221 OTAA RX2DR is set to DR0, SF12BW125 since 2021,Mar for Dragino Devices.
222
223
Xiaoling 3.1 224 == 3.5 IN865-867 (IN865) ==
Xiaoling 1.1 225
Xiaoling 12.2 226
Xiaoling 1.1 227 * Uplink:
228 ** 865.0625 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
229 ** 865.4025 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
230 ** 865.9850 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
231
232 * Downlink:
233 ** Uplink channels 1-3 (RX1)
234 ** 866.550 - SF10BW125 (RX2)
235
Edwin Chen 13.1 236 Gateway has below eight channels in IN865 bands.
Xiaoling 12.2 237
Edwin Chen 13.1 238 * 865.0625 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
239 * 865.4025 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
240 * 865.6025 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
241 * 865.9850 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
242 * 866.1850 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
243 * 866.3850 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
244 * 866.5850 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
245 * 866.7850 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
Xiaoling 12.2 246
Edwin Chen 13.1 247
Xiaoling 14.2 248
Xiaoling 3.1 249 == 3.6 KZ865 ==
Xiaoling 1.1 250
Xiaoling 12.2 251
Xiaoling 1.1 252 * Uplink ~-~- 125Khz , DR0 - DR5
253 ** 865.1
254 ** 865.2
255 ** 865.5
256 ** 865.7
257 ** 865.9
258
259 * Downlink:
260 ** The RX1 receive window uses the same channel as the preceding uplink.
261 ** The RX2 receive window uses a fixed frequency and data rate. The default parameters are 866.7MHz / DR0 (SF12, 125 kHz)​
262
Xiaoling 11.13 263
Xiaoling 14.2 264
Xiaoling 3.1 265 == 3.7 KR920-923 (KR920) ==
Xiaoling 1.1 266
Xiaoling 12.2 267
Xiaoling 1.1 268 * Default channel:
269 ** 922.1 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
270 ** 922.3 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
271 ** 922.5 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
272
273 * Uplink: (OTAA mode, channel added by JoinAccept message)
274 ** 922.1 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
275 ** 922.3 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
276 ** 922.5 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
277 ** 922.7 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
278 ** 922.9 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
279 ** 923.1 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
280 ** 923.3 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
281
282 * Downlink:
283 ** Uplink channels 1-7(RX1)
284 ** 921.9 - SF12BW125 (RX2 downlink only; SF12BW125 might be changed to SF9BW125)
285
Xiaoling 11.14 286
Xiaoling 14.2 287
Xiaoling 3.1 288 == 3.8 MA869 ==
Xiaoling 1.1 289
Xiaoling 12.2 290
Edwin Chen 4.1 291 Country: Morroco
292
Xiaoling 1.1 293 * Uplink:
294 ** 869.1 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
295 ** 869.3 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
296 ** 869.5 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
297 ** 869.7 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
298 ** 869.9 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
299 ** 870.0 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
300 ** 870.1 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
301 ** 870.3 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
302 ** 869.8 - FSK
303
304 * Downlink:
305 ** Uplink channels 1-9 (RX1)
306 ** 869.525 - SF12BW125 (RX2 downlink only)
307
Xiaoling 11.15 308
Xiaoling 14.2 309
Xiaoling 3.1 310 == 3.9 US902-928 (US915) ==
Xiaoling 1.1 311
Xiaoling 12.2 312
Xiaoling 1.1 313 Used in USA, Canada and South America.
314
Xiaoling 6.1 315
Xiaoling 3.1 316 === 3.9.1 Before [[Dragino DLS-005 LoRaWAN Stack>>url:https://www.dragino.com/downloads/downloads/LoRa_End_Node/DR-LWS/changelog]]. ===
Xiaoling 1.1 317
Xiaoling 12.2 318
Xiaoling 1.1 319 Default use CHE=2, Subband 2
320
321 * Uplink:
322 ** 903.9 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
323 ** 904.1 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
324 ** 904.3 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
325 ** 904.5 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
326 ** 904.7 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
327 ** 904.9 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
328 ** 905.1 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
329 ** 905.3 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
330
331 * Downlink:
332 ** 923.3 - SF7BW500 to SF12BW500
333 ** 923.9 - SF7BW500 to SF12BW500
334 ** 924.5 - SF7BW500 to SF12BW500
335 ** 925.1 - SF7BW500 to SF12BW500
336 ** 925.7 - SF7BW500 to SF12BW500
337 ** 926.3 - SF7BW500 to SF12BW500
338 ** 926.9 - SF7BW500 to SF12BW500
339 ** 927.5 - SF7BW500 to SF12BW500
340 ** 923.3 - SF12BW500(RX2 downlink only)
341
Xiaoling 11.16 342
Xiaoling 14.2 343
Xiaoling 3.1 344 === 3.9.2 Latest firmware, Since [[Dragino DLS-005 LoRaWAN Stack>>url:https://www.dragino.com/downloads/downloads/LoRa_End_Node/DR-LWS/changelog]] ===
Xiaoling 1.1 345
Xiaoling 12.4 346
Xiaoling 3.7 347 (((
Xiaoling 1.1 348 There is an issue if the end node is fixed at sub-band2. The sensor won't be able to register to other sub-band and can only work for the LoRaWAN server use sub-band2 , such as TTN. To solve this, the user needs to use a USB-TTL adapter to connect to the end node to manually set the sub-band which is very inconvenient.
Xiaoling 3.7 349 )))
Xiaoling 1.1 350
Xiaoling 3.7 351 (((
Xiaoling 1.1 352 So since **Since [[Dragino DLS-005 LoRaWAN Stack>>url:https://www.dragino.com/downloads/downloads/LoRa_End_Node/DR-LWS/changelog]]**, we have improved this, the end node will use frequency 1 from sub-band1, then frequency 1 from sub-band2, then frequency 1 from sub-band3, etc to process the OTAA join, In this case, In this case, the end node can support LoRaWAN servers with different subbands. To make sure the end node will only transmit the proper sub-band after OTAA Joined successfully, the end node will:
Xiaoling 3.7 353 )))
Xiaoling 1.1 354
Xiaoling 3.7 355 * (((
356 Check what sub-band the LoRaWAN server ask from the OTAA Join Accept message and switch to that subband
357 )))
358 * (((
359 Use the Join successful sub-band if the server doesn't include subband info in the OTAA Join Accept message ( TTN v2 doesn't include)
Xiaoling 6.1 360
Xiaoling 12.3 361
Xiaoling 6.1 362
Xiaoling 3.7 363 )))
Xiaoling 1.1 364
Xiaoling 3.1 365 = 4. Frequency Bands for different server =
Xiaoling 1.1 366
Xiaoling 12.4 367
Xiaoling 1.1 368 * TTN Frequency Band Settings: [[https:~~/~~/www.thethingsnetwork.org/docs/lorawan/frequency-plans.html>>url:https://www.thethingsnetwork.org/docs/lorawan/frequency-plans.html]]
369 * Loriot [[https:~~/~~/docs.loriot.io/display/LNS/Regional+Frequency+Plans>>url:https://docs.loriot.io/display/LNS/Regional+Frequency+Plans]]
Xiaoling 13.4 370
Edwin Chen 14.1 371
Xiaoling 14.2 372
Edwin Chen 14.1 373 = 5. Subband Related questiones in US915, AU915, CN470 bands. =
374
Xiaoling 14.2 375
Edwin Chen 14.1 376 Frequency band US915, AU915 and CN470 supports totally 72 frequency in 8 sub-bands, Normally Gateway only support 8 channels ( one subband). So how does the gateway and end nodes work in such frequency?
377
Xiaoling 14.2 378
Edwin Chen 14.1 379 == 5.1 Set Subband in Gateway. ==
380
381
Xiaoling 14.2 382 * If Gateway choose (% style="color:blue" %)**Semtech UDP packet**(%%) forwarder to Connect to LoRaWAN server. User need to manually set the match Subband in the gateway web UI.
383
384 * If Gateway choose (% style="color:blue" %)**Basic Station Mode**(%%) to connect to the LoRaWAN server. User can set the subband in the Server side and gateway will the correct subband from server. no need to set this in gateway. AWS-IoT, TTN, ChirpStack all supports Basic Station Connection.
385
386
387
Edwin Chen 14.1 388 == 5.2 Set Subband in End Node ==
389
Xiaoling 14.2 390
Edwin Chen 14.1 391 * In early End Node firmware, it is pre-set to subband 2 , user need to manually set to proper subband if they don;t use subband 2.
Xiaoling 14.2 392
Edwin Chen 14.1 393 * In new end node firmware , it supports all sub-bands, and will swtich to the proper subband after OTAA join. So user can use the end node with all sub-band.
394
395 Reference: [[How it affects the OTAA Join when end node is set to support all subbands>>http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/LoRaWAN%20Communication%20Debug/#H13.WhyittakeslongertimeforOTAAjoinedinUS9152FCN4702FAU915band3F]]?
396
397
398
399
400
Xiaoling 13.4 401