Changes for page End Device Frequency Band

Last modified by Edwin Chen on 2024/10/21 20:35
<
From version < 6.1 >
edited by Xiaoling
on 2022/05/27 17:43
To version < 18.1
edited by Edwin Chen
on 2024/10/21 20:35
Change comment: There is no comment for this version

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Author
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1 -XWiki.Xiaoling
1 +XWiki.Edwin
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1 1  (% class="wikigeneratedid" id="HEndDeviceFrequencyBand" %)
2 - **Contents：**
2 + **Table of** **Contents：**
3 3  
4 4  {{toc/}}
5 5  
6 +
7 +
8 +
6 6  = 1. Introduction =
7 7  
11 +
8 8  This page list the default frequency band for Dragino End Devices. The frequency bands are base on TTN Frequency Bands. User can modify upgrade firmware to support different frequency band or use AT Command to change the sub band in some frequency bands.
9 9  
10 10  * TTN Frequency Band Settings: [[https:~~/~~/www.thethingsnetwork.org/docs/lorawan/frequency-plans.html>>url:https://www.thethingsnetwork.org/docs/lorawan/frequency-plans.html]]
11 11  * Frequency Bands vs Country List : Page 11 of [[LoRaWAN Regional Parameters RP2-1.0.3>>url:https://resources.lora-alliance.org/technical-specifications/rp2-1-0-3-lorawan-regional-parameters]]
12 12  
13 -
14 14  = 2. OTAA Join Behaviour =
15 15  
16 -For 005 LoRaWAN stack: to save battery, once boot, device will make first make 200 tries for OTAA Join, the time period of two Join Requests will depends on the DR and the airtime requirement. After this 200 Join finish, device will send a join request every 20 minutes. If device reboot, it will do above loop again.
19 +Since 005 LoRaWAN stack: One device boot or reset, it will
17 17  
18 -(((
19 -For 005 LoRaWAN Stack:
20 -)))
21 +* First make 200 Join Requestes for OTAA Join, the interval of two Join Requests will depends on the DR and the airtime requirement.
22 +* After 200 Join Requestes, if end node still not join successful, to save battery life, it will keep sending join request at the default uplink interval ( 20 minutes) .
23 +* If device reboot, it will do above loop again.
21 21  
22 -* EU868 OTAA Join DR select. SF7->SF8->SF9->SF10->SF11->SF12; Each 3 attempts and then loop
23 -* US915 and AU915 OTAA Join procedure,. End node by default will use all 72 channels to join and it will be set to use the proper sub-band after Join success
25 +Since 005 LoRaWAN Stack:
24 24  
27 +* **EU868 OTAA Join DR Logic**. SF7->SF8->SF9->SF10->SF11->SF12; Each SF will make 3 attempts and then loop
28 +* **US915 and AU915 OTAA Join procedure**,. End node by default will use all 72 channels (All sub-bands) to join and it will be set to use the proper sub-band after Join success
25 25  
26 26  = 3. Default Frequency Bands =
27 27  
28 -
29 29  == 3.1 AS923 ==
30 30  
31 31  === 3.1.1 Notice for AS923 Frequency Bands ===
32 32  
36 +
33 33  (((
34 34  Since [[RP002-1.0.1LoRaWAN Regional Parameters>>url:https://lora-alliance.org/sites/default/files/2020-02/rp_2-1.0.1.pdf]], AS923 include three different default settings for different countries: AS923-1, AS923-2 and AS923-3.
35 35  )))
... ... @@ -41,6 +41,8 @@
41 41  
42 42  === 3.1.2 AS920-923 & AS923-925 : AS923-1 (AS923) ===
43 43  
48 +
49 +* **Countries**: Malaysia,
44 44  * Default Uplink channel:
45 45  ** 923.2 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
46 46  ** 923.4 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
... ... @@ -66,9 +66,9 @@
66 66  ** Uplink channels 1-8 (RX1)
67 67  ** 923.2 - SF10BW125 (RX2)
68 68  
69 -
70 70  === 3.1.3 AS923-2 ===
71 71  
77 +
72 72  * Default Uplink channel:
73 73  ** 921.4 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
74 74  ** 921.6 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
... ... @@ -79,10 +79,9 @@
79 79  ** Uplink channels 1-8 (RX1)
80 80  ** 921.4 - SF10BW125 (RX2)
81 81  
82 -
83 -
84 84  === 3.1.4 AS923-3 ===
85 85  
90 +
86 86  * Default Uplink channel:
87 87  ** 916.6 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
88 88  ** 916.8 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
... ... @@ -93,10 +93,9 @@
93 93  ** Uplink channels 1-8 (RX1)
94 94  ** 916.6 - SF10BW125 (RX2)
95 95  
96 -
97 -
98 98  === 3.1.5 AS923-4 ===
99 99  
103 +
100 100  * Countries : Israel
101 101  * Default Uplink channel:
102 102  ** 917.3 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
... ... @@ -107,10 +107,9 @@
107 107  ** Uplink channels 1-8 (RX1)
108 108  ** 917.3 - SF10BW125 (RX2)
109 109  
110 -
111 -
112 112  == 3.2 AU915-928(AU915) ==
113 113  
116 +
114 114  **Before [[Dragino DLS-005 LoRaWAN Stack>>url:https://www.dragino.com/downloads/downloads/LoRa_End_Node/DR-LWS/changelog]]** , Default use CHE=2
115 115  
116 116  * Uplink:
... ... @@ -152,13 +152,15 @@
152 152  Check what sub-band the LoRaWAN server ask from the OTAA Join Accept message and switch to that sub-band
153 153  )))
154 154  * (((
155 -Use the Join successful sub-band if the server doesn’t include sub-band info in the OTAA Join Accept message ( TTN v2 doesn't include)
158 +Use the Join successful sub-band if the server doesn't include sub-band info in the OTAA Join Accept message ( TTN v2 doesn't include)
156 156  
160 +
157 157  
158 158  )))
159 159  
160 160  == 3.3 CN470-510 (CN470) ==
161 161  
166 +
162 162  Used in China, Default use CHE=1
163 163  
164 164  * Uplink:
... ... @@ -182,10 +182,9 @@
182 182  ** 508.1 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
183 183  ** 505.3 - SF12BW125 (RX2 downlink only)
184 184  
185 -
186 -
187 187  == 3.4 EU863-870 (EU868) ==
188 188  
192 +
189 189  * Uplink:
190 190  ** 868.1 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
191 191  ** 868.3 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125 and SF7BW250
... ... @@ -206,6 +206,7 @@
206 206  
207 207  == 3.5 IN865-867 (IN865) ==
208 208  
213 +
209 209  * Uplink:
210 210  ** 865.0625 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
211 211  ** 865.4025 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
... ... @@ -215,10 +215,20 @@
215 215  ** Uplink channels 1-3 (RX1)
216 216  ** 866.550 - SF10BW125 (RX2)
217 217  
223 +Gateway has below eight channels in IN865 bands.
218 218  
225 +* 865.0625 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
226 +* 865.4025 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
227 +* 865.6025 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
228 +* 865.9850 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
229 +* 866.1850 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
230 +* 866.3850 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
231 +* 866.5850 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
232 +* 866.7850 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
219 219  
220 220  == 3.6 KZ865 ==
221 221  
236 +
222 222  * Uplink ~-~- 125Khz , DR0 - DR5
223 223  ** 865.1
224 224  ** 865.2
... ... @@ -230,10 +230,9 @@
230 230  ** The RX1 receive window uses the same channel as the preceding uplink.
231 231  ** The RX2 receive window uses a fixed frequency and data rate. The default parameters are 866.7MHz / DR0 (SF12, 125 kHz)​
232 232  
233 -
234 -
235 235  == 3.7 KR920-923 (KR920) ==
236 236  
250 +
237 237  * Default channel:
238 238  ** 922.1 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
239 239  ** 922.3 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
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252 252  ** Uplink channels 1-7(RX1)
253 253  ** 921.9 - SF12BW125 (RX2 downlink only; SF12BW125 might be changed to SF9BW125)
254 254  
255 -
256 -
257 257  == 3.8 MA869 ==
258 258  
271 +
259 259   Country: Morroco
260 260  
261 261  * Uplink:
... ... @@ -273,14 +273,15 @@
273 273  ** Uplink channels 1-9 (RX1)
274 274  ** 869.525 - SF12BW125 (RX2 downlink only)
275 275  
276 -
277 277  == 3.9 US902-928 (US915) ==
278 278  
291 +
279 279  Used in USA, Canada and South America.
280 280  
281 281  
282 282  === 3.9.1 Before [[Dragino DLS-005 LoRaWAN Stack>>url:https://www.dragino.com/downloads/downloads/LoRa_End_Node/DR-LWS/changelog]]. ===
283 283  
297 +
284 284  Default use CHE=2, Subband 2
285 285  
286 286  * Uplink:
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304 304  ** 927.5 - SF7BW500 to SF12BW500
305 305  ** 923.3 - SF12BW500(RX2 downlink only)
306 306  
307 -
308 -
309 309  === 3.9.2 Latest firmware, Since [[Dragino DLS-005 LoRaWAN Stack>>url:https://www.dragino.com/downloads/downloads/LoRa_End_Node/DR-LWS/changelog]] ===
310 310  
323 +
311 311  (((
312 312  There is an issue if the end node is fixed at sub-band2. The sensor won't be able to register to other sub-band and can only work for the LoRaWAN server use sub-band2 , such as TTN. To solve this, the user needs to use a USB-TTL adapter to connect to the end node to manually set the sub-band which is very inconvenient.
313 313  )))
314 314  
315 315  (((
316 -
329 +So since **Since [[Dragino DLS-005 LoRaWAN Stack>>url:https://www.dragino.com/downloads/downloads/LoRa_End_Node/DR-LWS/changelog]]**, we have improved this, the end node will use frequency 1 from sub-band1, then frequency 1 from sub-band2, then frequency 1 from sub-band3, etc to process the OTAA join. In this case, the end node can support LoRaWAN servers with different subbands. To make sure the end node will only transmit the proper sub-band after OTAA Joined successfully, the end node will:
317 317  )))
318 318  
319 -(((
320 -So since **Since [[Dragino DLS-005 LoRaWAN Stack>>url:https://www.dragino.com/downloads/downloads/LoRa_End_Node/DR-LWS/changelog]]**, we have improved this, the end node will use frequency 1 from sub-band1, then frequency 1 from sub-band2, then frequency 1 from sub-band3, etc to process the OTAA join, In this case, In this case, the end node can support LoRaWAN servers with different subbands. To make sure the end node will only transmit the proper sub-band after OTAA Joined successfully, the end node will:
321 -)))
322 -
323 323  * (((
324 324  Check what sub-band the LoRaWAN server ask from the OTAA Join Accept message and switch to that subband
325 325  )))
... ... @@ -326,10 +326,48 @@
326 326  * (((
327 327  Use the Join successful sub-band if the server doesn't include subband info in the OTAA Join Accept message ( TTN v2 doesn't include)
328 328  
338 +
329 329  
330 330  )))
331 331  
332 332  = 4. Frequency Bands for different server =
333 333  
344 +
334 334  * TTN Frequency Band Settings: [[https:~~/~~/www.thethingsnetwork.org/docs/lorawan/frequency-plans.html>>url:https://www.thethingsnetwork.org/docs/lorawan/frequency-plans.html]]
335 335  * Loriot [[https:~~/~~/docs.loriot.io/display/LNS/Regional+Frequency+Plans>>url:https://docs.loriot.io/display/LNS/Regional+Frequency+Plans]]
347 +
348 +
349 += 5. Subband Related questiones in US915, AU915, CN470 bands. =
350 +
351 +
352 +Frequency band US915, AU915 and CN470 supports totally 72 frequency in 8 sub-bands, Normally Gateway only support 8 channels ( one subband). So how does the gateway and end nodes work in such frequency?
353 +
354 +
355 +== 5.1 Set Subband in Gateway. ==
356 +
357 +
358 +* If Gateway choose (% style="color:blue" %)**Semtech UDP packet**(%%) forwarder to Connect to LoRaWAN server. User need to manually set the match Subband in the gateway web UI.
359 +
360 +* If Gateway choose (% style="color:blue" %)**Basic Station Mode**(%%) to connect to the LoRaWAN server. User can set the subband in the Server side and gateway will the correct subband from server. no need to set this in gateway. AWS-IoT, TTN, ChirpStack all supports Basic Station Connection.
361 +
362 +== 5.2 Set Subband in End Node ==
363 +
364 +
365 +* In early End Node firmware, it is pre-set to subband 2 , user need to manually set to proper subband if they don;t use subband 2.
366 +
367 +* In new end node firmware , it supports all sub-bands, and will swtich to the proper subband after OTAA join. So user can use the end node with all sub-band.
368 +
369 +Reference: [[How it affects the OTAA Join when end node is set to support all subbands>>http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/LoRaWAN%20Communication%20Debug/#H13.WhyittakeslongertimeforOTAAjoinedinUS9152FCN4702FAU915band3F]]?
370 +
371 +
372 += 6. Data Rate and TXP auto-adjust logic. =
373 +
374 +In below cases the sensor end node will auto-adjust. (ADR must set to 1)
375 +
376 +* Auto-just according to the server ADR request change downlink command.
377 +* If there is no adr_req_ack arrive the sensor end node for more than 64 uplinks, end node will set the output to maximum power (AT+TXP=0).
378 +* If there is no adr_req_ack arrive the sensor end node for more than 96 uplinks, end node will reduce the Data Rate by 1.
379 +
380 +
381 +
382 +

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