Changes for page End Device Frequency Band

Last modified by Edwin Chen on 2024/10/21 20:35
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From version < 2.1 >
edited by Edwin Chen
on 2022/05/10 11:58
To version < 18.1
edited by Edwin Chen
on 2024/10/21 20:35
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... ... @@ -1,61 +1,52 @@
1 -= End Device Frequency Band =
1 +(% class="wikigeneratedid" id="HEndDeviceFrequencyBand" %)
2 + **Table of** **Contents：**
2 2  
3 -== Contents ==
4 +{{toc/}}
4 4  
5 - ~[[[hide>>url:https://wiki.dragino.com/index.php/End_Device_Frequency_Band#]]]
6 6  
7 -* [[1 Introduction>>url:https://wiki.dragino.com/index.php/End_Device_Frequency_Band#Introduction]]
8 -* [[2 OTAA Join Behaviour>>url:https://wiki.dragino.com/index.php/End_Device_Frequency_Band#OTAA_Join_Behaviour]]
9 -* [[3 Default Frequency Bands>>url:https://wiki.dragino.com/index.php/End_Device_Frequency_Band#Default_Frequency_Bands]]
10 -** [[3.1 AS923>>url:https://wiki.dragino.com/index.php/End_Device_Frequency_Band#AS923]]
11 -*** [[3.1.1 Notice for AS923 Frequency Bands>>url:https://wiki.dragino.com/index.php/End_Device_Frequency_Band#Notice_for_AS923_Frequency_Bands]]
12 -*** [[3.1.2 AS920-923 & AS923-925 : AS923-1 (AS923)>>url:https://wiki.dragino.com/index.php/End_Device_Frequency_Band#AS920-923_.26_AS923-925_:_AS923-1_.28AS923.29]]
13 -*** [[3.1.3 AS923-2>>url:https://wiki.dragino.com/index.php/End_Device_Frequency_Band#AS923-2]]
14 -*** [[3.1.4 AS923-3>>url:https://wiki.dragino.com/index.php/End_Device_Frequency_Band#AS923-3]]
15 -*** [[3.1.5 AS923-4>>url:https://wiki.dragino.com/index.php/End_Device_Frequency_Band#AS923-4]]
16 -** [[3.2 AU915-928(AU915)>>url:https://wiki.dragino.com/index.php/End_Device_Frequency_Band#AU915-928.28AU915.29]]
17 -** [[3.3 CN470-510 (CN470)>>url:https://wiki.dragino.com/index.php/End_Device_Frequency_Band#CN470-510_.28CN470.29]]
18 -** [[3.4 EU863-870 (EU868)>>url:https://wiki.dragino.com/index.php/End_Device_Frequency_Band#EU863-870_.28EU868.29]]
19 -** [[3.5 IN865-867 (IN865)>>url:https://wiki.dragino.com/index.php/End_Device_Frequency_Band#IN865-867_.28IN865.29]]
20 -** [[3.6 KZ865>>url:https://wiki.dragino.com/index.php/End_Device_Frequency_Band#KZ865]]
21 -** [[3.7 KR920-923 (KR920)>>url:https://wiki.dragino.com/index.php/End_Device_Frequency_Band#KR920-923_.28KR920.29]]
22 -** [[3.8 MA869>>url:https://wiki.dragino.com/index.php/End_Device_Frequency_Band#MA869]]
23 -** [[3.9 US902-928 (US915)>>url:https://wiki.dragino.com/index.php/End_Device_Frequency_Band#US902-928_.28US915.29]]
24 -*** [[3.9.1 Before Dragino DLS-005 LoRaWAN Stack.>>url:https://wiki.dragino.com/index.php/End_Device_Frequency_Band#Before_Dragino_DLS-005_LoRaWAN_Stack.]]
25 -*** [[3.9.2 Latest firmware, Since Dragino DLS-005 LoRaWAN Stack>>url:https://wiki.dragino.com/index.php/End_Device_Frequency_Band#Latest_firmware.2C_Since_Dragino_DLS-005_LoRaWAN_Stack]]
26 -* [[4 Frequency Bands for different server>>url:https://wiki.dragino.com/index.php/End_Device_Frequency_Band#Frequency_Bands_for_different_server]]
27 27  
28 -= Introduction =
29 29  
9 += 1. Introduction =
10 +
11 +
30 30  This page list the default frequency band for Dragino End Devices. The frequency bands are base on TTN Frequency Bands. User can modify upgrade firmware to support different frequency band or use AT Command to change the sub band in some frequency bands.
31 31  
32 32  * TTN Frequency Band Settings: [[https:~~/~~/www.thethingsnetwork.org/docs/lorawan/frequency-plans.html>>url:https://www.thethingsnetwork.org/docs/lorawan/frequency-plans.html]]
33 33  * Frequency Bands vs Country List : Page 11 of [[LoRaWAN Regional Parameters RP2-1.0.3>>url:https://resources.lora-alliance.org/technical-specifications/rp2-1-0-3-lorawan-regional-parameters]]
34 34  
35 -= OTAA Join Behaviour =
17 += 2. OTAA Join Behaviour =
36 36  
37 -For 005 LoRaWAN stack: to save battery, once boot, device will make first make 200 tries for OTAA Join, the time period of two Join Requests will depends on the DR and the airtime requirement. After this 200 Join finish, device will send a join request every 20 minutes. If device reboot, it will do above loop again.
19 +Since 005 LoRaWAN stack: One device boot or reset, it will
38 38  
39 -For 005 LoRaWAN Stack:
21 +* First make 200 Join Requestes for OTAA Join, the interval of two Join Requests will depends on the DR and the airtime requirement.
22 +* After 200 Join Requestes, if end node still not join successful, to save battery life, it will keep sending join request at the default uplink interval ( 20 minutes) .
23 +* If device reboot, it will do above loop again.
40 40  
41 -* EU868 OTAA Join DR select. SF7->SF8->SF9->SF10->SF11->SF12; Each 3 attempts and then loop
42 -* US915 and AU915 OTAA Join procedure,. End node by default will use all 72 channels to join and it will be set to use the proper sub-band after Join success
25 +Since 005 LoRaWAN Stack:
43 43  
44 -= Default Frequency Bands =
27 +* **EU868 OTAA Join DR Logic**. SF7->SF8->SF9->SF10->SF11->SF12; Each SF will make 3 attempts and then loop
28 +* **US915 and AU915 OTAA Join procedure**,. End node by default will use all 72 channels (All sub-bands) to join and it will be set to use the proper sub-band after Join success
45 45  
30 += 3. Default Frequency Bands =
46 46  
47 -== AS923 ==
32 +== 3.1 AS923 ==
48 48  
49 -=== Notice for AS923 Frequency Bands ===
34 +=== 3.1.1 Notice for AS923 Frequency Bands ===
50 50  
36 +
37 +(((
51 51  Since [[RP002-1.0.1LoRaWAN Regional Parameters>>url:https://lora-alliance.org/sites/default/files/2020-02/rp_2-1.0.1.pdf]], AS923 include three different default settings for different countries: AS923-1, AS923-2 and AS923-3.
39 +)))
52 52  
41 +(((
53 53  AS923-1 use the same default uplink frequency as previous AS923 firmware. AS923-2 and AS923-3 are new with different default uplink frequency. User need to know exactly the frequency bands from the LoRaWAN server and choose the right firmware version for the end node.
43 +)))
54 54  
55 55  
46 +=== 3.1.2 AS920-923 & AS923-925 : AS923-1 (AS923) ===
56 56  
57 -=== AS920-923 & AS923-925 : AS923-1 (AS923) ===
58 58  
49 +* **Countries**: Malaysia,
59 59  * Default Uplink channel:
60 60  ** 923.2 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
61 61  ** 923.4 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
... ... @@ -81,8 +81,8 @@
81 81  ** Uplink channels 1-8 (RX1)
82 82  ** 923.2 - SF10BW125 (RX2)
83 83  
75 +=== 3.1.3 AS923-2 ===
84 84  
85 -=== AS923-2 ===
86 86  
87 87  * Default Uplink channel:
88 88  ** 921.4 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
... ... @@ -94,8 +94,8 @@
94 94  ** Uplink channels 1-8 (RX1)
95 95  ** 921.4 - SF10BW125 (RX2)
96 96  
88 +=== 3.1.4 AS923-3 ===
97 97  
98 -=== AS923-3 ===
99 99  
100 100  * Default Uplink channel:
101 101  ** 916.6 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
... ... @@ -107,8 +107,8 @@
107 107  ** Uplink channels 1-8 (RX1)
108 108  ** 916.6 - SF10BW125 (RX2)
109 109  
101 +=== 3.1.5 AS923-4 ===
110 110  
111 -=== AS923-4 ===
112 112  
113 113  * Countries : Israel
114 114  * Default Uplink channel:
... ... @@ -120,8 +120,8 @@
120 120  ** Uplink channels 1-8 (RX1)
121 121  ** 917.3 - SF10BW125 (RX2)
122 122  
114 +== 3.2 AU915-928(AU915) ==
123 123  
124 -== AU915-928(AU915) ==
125 125  
126 126  **Before [[Dragino DLS-005 LoRaWAN Stack>>url:https://www.dragino.com/downloads/downloads/LoRa_End_Node/DR-LWS/changelog]]** , Default use CHE=2
127 127  
... ... @@ -146,18 +146,33 @@
146 146  ** 927.5 - SF7BW500 to SF12BW500
147 147  ** 923.3 - SF12BW500(RX2 downlink only)
148 148  
140 +(((
149 149  There is a issue if the end node is fixed at sub-band2. The sensor won't be able to register to other sub-band and can only works for the LoRaWAN server use sub-band2 , such as TTN. To solve this, user need to use a USB-TTL adapter to connect to the end node to manually set the sub-band which is very inconvinient.
142 +)))
150 150  
144 +
145 +(((
151 151  So since **Since [[Dragino DLS-005 LoRaWAN Stack>>url:https://www.dragino.com/downloads/downloads/LoRa_End_Node/DR-LWS/changelog]]**, To make sure the end node supports all sub band by default. In the OTAA Join process, the end node will use frequency 1 from sub-band1, then frequency 1 from sub-band2, then frequency 1 from sub-band3, etc to process the OTAA join.
147 +)))
152 152  
149 +
150 +(((
153 153  After Join success, the end node will switch to the correct sub band by:
152 +)))
154 154  
155 -* Check what sub-band the LoRaWAN server ask from the OTAA Join Accept message and switch to that sub-band
156 -* Use the Join successful sub-band if the server doesn’t include sub-band info in the OTAA Join Accept message ( TTN v2 doesn't include)
154 +* (((
155 +Check what sub-band the LoRaWAN server ask from the OTAA Join Accept message and switch to that sub-band
156 +)))
157 +* (((
158 +Use the Join successful sub-band if the server doesn't include sub-band info in the OTAA Join Accept message ( TTN v2 doesn't include)
157 157  
158 158  
159 -== CN470-510 (CN470) ==
161 +
162 +)))
160 160  
164 +== 3.3 CN470-510 (CN470) ==
165 +
166 +
161 161  Used in China, Default use CHE=1
162 162  
163 163  * Uplink:
... ... @@ -181,8 +181,9 @@
181 181  ** 508.1 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
182 182  ** 505.3 - SF12BW125 (RX2 downlink only)
183 183  
184 -== EU863-870 (EU868) ==
190 +== 3.4 EU863-870 (EU868) ==
185 185  
192 +
186 186  * Uplink:
187 187  ** 868.1 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
188 188  ** 868.3 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125 and SF7BW250
... ... @@ -201,8 +201,9 @@
201 201  OTAA RX2DR is set to DR0, SF12BW125 since 2021,Mar for Dragino Devices.
202 202  
203 203  
204 -== IN865-867 (IN865) ==
211 +== 3.5 IN865-867 (IN865) ==
205 205  
213 +
206 206  * Uplink:
207 207  ** 865.0625 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
208 208  ** 865.4025 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
... ... @@ -212,8 +212,20 @@
212 212  ** Uplink channels 1-3 (RX1)
213 213  ** 866.550 - SF10BW125 (RX2)
214 214  
215 -== KZ865 ==
223 +Gateway has below eight channels in IN865 bands.
216 216  
225 +* 865.0625 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
226 +* 865.4025 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
227 +* 865.6025 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
228 +* 865.9850 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
229 +* 866.1850 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
230 +* 866.3850 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
231 +* 866.5850 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
232 +* 866.7850 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
233 +
234 +== 3.6 KZ865 ==
235 +
236 +
217 217  * Uplink ~-~- 125Khz , DR0 - DR5
218 218  ** 865.1
219 219  ** 865.2
... ... @@ -225,8 +225,8 @@
225 225  ** The RX1 receive window uses the same channel as the preceding uplink.
226 226  ** The RX2 receive window uses a fixed frequency and data rate. The default parameters are 866.7MHz / DR0 (SF12, 125 kHz)​
227 227  
248 +== 3.7 KR920-923 (KR920) ==
228 228  
229 -== KR920-923 (KR920) ==
230 230  
231 231  * Default channel:
232 232  ** 922.1 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
... ... @@ -246,9 +246,11 @@
246 246  ** Uplink channels 1-7(RX1)
247 247  ** 921.9 - SF12BW125 (RX2 downlink only; SF12BW125 might be changed to SF9BW125)
248 248  
269 +== 3.8 MA869 ==
249 249  
250 -== MA869 ==
251 251  
272 + Country: Morroco
273 +
252 252  * Uplink:
253 253  ** 869.1 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
254 254  ** 869.3 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
... ... @@ -264,12 +264,15 @@
264 264  ** Uplink channels 1-9 (RX1)
265 265  ** 869.525 - SF12BW125 (RX2 downlink only)
266 266  
267 -== US902-928 (US915) ==
289 +== 3.9 US902-928 (US915) ==
268 268  
291 +
269 269  Used in USA, Canada and South America.
270 270  
271 -=== Before [[Dragino DLS-005 LoRaWAN Stack>>url:https://www.dragino.com/downloads/downloads/LoRa_End_Node/DR-LWS/changelog]]. ===
272 272  
295 +=== 3.9.1 Before [[Dragino DLS-005 LoRaWAN Stack>>url:https://www.dragino.com/downloads/downloads/LoRa_End_Node/DR-LWS/changelog]]. ===
296 +
297 +
273 273  Default use CHE=2, Subband 2
274 274  
275 275  * Uplink:
... ... @@ -293,17 +293,65 @@
293 293  ** 927.5 - SF7BW500 to SF12BW500
294 294  ** 923.3 - SF12BW500(RX2 downlink only)
295 295  
296 -=== Latest firmware, Since [[Dragino DLS-005 LoRaWAN Stack>>url:https://www.dragino.com/downloads/downloads/LoRa_End_Node/DR-LWS/changelog]] ===
321 +=== 3.9.2 Latest firmware, Since [[Dragino DLS-005 LoRaWAN Stack>>url:https://www.dragino.com/downloads/downloads/LoRa_End_Node/DR-LWS/changelog]] ===
297 297  
323 +
324 +(((
298 298  There is an issue if the end node is fixed at sub-band2. The sensor won't be able to register to other sub-band and can only work for the LoRaWAN server use sub-band2 , such as TTN. To solve this, the user needs to use a USB-TTL adapter to connect to the end node to manually set the sub-band which is very inconvenient.
326 +)))
299 299  
300 -So since **Since [[Dragino DLS-005 LoRaWAN Stack>>url:https://www.dragino.com/downloads/downloads/LoRa_End_Node/DR-LWS/changelog]]**, we have improved this, the end node will use frequency 1 from sub-band1, then frequency 1 from sub-band2, then frequency 1 from sub-band3, etc to process the OTAA join, In this case, In this case, the end node can support LoRaWAN servers with different subbands. To make sure the end node will only transmit the proper sub-band after OTAA Joined successfully, the end node will:
328 +(((
329 +So since **Since [[Dragino DLS-005 LoRaWAN Stack>>url:https://www.dragino.com/downloads/downloads/LoRa_End_Node/DR-LWS/changelog]]**, we have improved this, the end node will use frequency 1 from sub-band1, then frequency 1 from sub-band2, then frequency 1 from sub-band3, etc to process the OTAA join. In this case, the end node can support LoRaWAN servers with different subbands. To make sure the end node will only transmit the proper sub-band after OTAA Joined successfully, the end node will:
330 +)))
301 301  
302 -* Check what sub-band the LoRaWAN server ask from the OTAA Join Accept message and switch to that subband
303 -* Use the Join successful sub-band if the server doesn't include subband info in the OTAA Join Accept message ( TTN v2 doesn't include)
332 +* (((
333 +Check what sub-band the LoRaWAN server ask from the OTAA Join Accept message and switch to that subband
334 +)))
335 +* (((
336 +Use the Join successful sub-band if the server doesn't include subband info in the OTAA Join Accept message ( TTN v2 doesn't include)
304 304  
305 305  
306 -= Frequency Bands for different server =
339 +
340 +)))
307 307  
342 += 4. Frequency Bands for different server =
343 +
344 +
308 308  * TTN Frequency Band Settings: [[https:~~/~~/www.thethingsnetwork.org/docs/lorawan/frequency-plans.html>>url:https://www.thethingsnetwork.org/docs/lorawan/frequency-plans.html]]
309 309  * Loriot [[https:~~/~~/docs.loriot.io/display/LNS/Regional+Frequency+Plans>>url:https://docs.loriot.io/display/LNS/Regional+Frequency+Plans]]
347 +
348 +
349 += 5. Subband Related questiones in US915, AU915, CN470 bands. =
350 +
351 +
352 +Frequency band US915, AU915 and CN470 supports totally 72 frequency in 8 sub-bands, Normally Gateway only support 8 channels ( one subband). So how does the gateway and end nodes work in such frequency?
353 +
354 +
355 +== 5.1 Set Subband in Gateway. ==
356 +
357 +
358 +* If Gateway choose (% style="color:blue" %)**Semtech UDP packet**(%%) forwarder to Connect to LoRaWAN server. User need to manually set the match Subband in the gateway web UI.
359 +
360 +* If Gateway choose (% style="color:blue" %)**Basic Station Mode**(%%) to connect to the LoRaWAN server. User can set the subband in the Server side and gateway will the correct subband from server. no need to set this in gateway. AWS-IoT, TTN, ChirpStack all supports Basic Station Connection.
361 +
362 +== 5.2 Set Subband in End Node ==
363 +
364 +
365 +* In early End Node firmware, it is pre-set to subband 2 , user need to manually set to proper subband if they don;t use subband 2.
366 +
367 +* In new end node firmware , it supports all sub-bands, and will swtich to the proper subband after OTAA join. So user can use the end node with all sub-band.
368 +
369 +Reference: [[How it affects the OTAA Join when end node is set to support all subbands>>http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/LoRaWAN%20Communication%20Debug/#H13.WhyittakeslongertimeforOTAAjoinedinUS9152FCN4702FAU915band3F]]?
370 +
371 +
372 += 6. Data Rate and TXP auto-adjust logic. =
373 +
374 +In below cases the sensor end node will auto-adjust. (ADR must set to 1)
375 +
376 +* Auto-just according to the server ADR request change downlink command.
377 +* If there is no adr_req_ack arrive the sensor end node for more than 64 uplinks, end node will set the output to maximum power (AT+TXP=0).
378 +* If there is no adr_req_ack arrive the sensor end node for more than 96 uplinks, end node will reduce the Data Rate by 1.
379 +
380 +
381 +
382 +

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