Wiki source code of End Device Frequency Band

Version 16.1 by Edwin Chen on 2023/12/07 09:47
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1 (% class="wikigeneratedid" id="HEndDeviceFrequencyBand" %)
2 **Table of** **Contents：**
3
4 {{toc/}}
5
6
7
8
9 = 1. Introduction =
10
11
12 This page list the default frequency band for Dragino End Devices. The frequency bands are base on TTN Frequency Bands. User can modify upgrade firmware to support different frequency band or use AT Command to change the sub band in some frequency bands.
13
14 * TTN Frequency Band Settings: [[https:~~/~~/www.thethingsnetwork.org/docs/lorawan/frequency-plans.html>>url:https://www.thethingsnetwork.org/docs/lorawan/frequency-plans.html]]
15 * Frequency Bands vs Country List : Page 11 of [[LoRaWAN Regional Parameters RP2-1.0.3>>url:https://resources.lora-alliance.org/technical-specifications/rp2-1-0-3-lorawan-regional-parameters]]
16
17 = 2. OTAA Join Behaviour =
18
19
20 Since 005 LoRaWAN stack: to save battery, once boot, device will first make 200 tries for OTAA Join, the time period of two Join Requests will depends on the DR and the airtime requirement. After this 200 Join finish, device will send a join request every 20 minutes. If device reboot, it will do above loop again.
21
22 (((
23 Since 005 LoRaWAN Stack:
24 )))
25
26 * EU868 OTAA Join DR select. SF7->SF8->SF9->SF10->SF11->SF12; Each 3 attempts and then loop
27 * US915 and AU915 OTAA Join procedure,. End node by default will use all 72 channels (All sub-bands) to join and it will be set to use the proper sub-band after Join success
28
29 = 3. Default Frequency Bands =
30
31 == 3.1 AS923 ==
32
33 === 3.1.1 Notice for AS923 Frequency Bands ===
34
35
36 (((
37 Since [[RP002-1.0.1LoRaWAN Regional Parameters>>url:https://lora-alliance.org/sites/default/files/2020-02/rp_2-1.0.1.pdf]], AS923 include three different default settings for different countries: AS923-1, AS923-2 and AS923-3.
38 )))
39
40 (((
41 AS923-1 use the same default uplink frequency as previous AS923 firmware. AS923-2 and AS923-3 are new with different default uplink frequency. User need to know exactly the frequency bands from the LoRaWAN server and choose the right firmware version for the end node.
42 )))
43
44
45 === 3.1.2 AS920-923 & AS923-925 : AS923-1 (AS923) ===
46
47
48 * **Countries**: Malaysia,
49 * Default Uplink channel:
50 ** 923.2 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
51 ** 923.4 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
52
53 * Additional Uplink Channel: These channels are set during OTAA Join process from server. Below are the settings from TTN
54 * AS920~~AS923:
55 ** 922.2 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
56 ** 922.4 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
57 ** 922.6 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
58 ** 922.8 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
59 ** 923.0 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
60 ** 922.0 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
61
62 * AS923 ~~ AS925:
63 ** 923.6 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
64 ** 923.8 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
65 ** 924.0 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
66 ** 924.2 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
67 ** 924.4 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
68 ** 924.6 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
69
70 * Downlink:
71 ** Uplink channels 1-8 (RX1)
72 ** 923.2 - SF10BW125 (RX2)
73
74 === 3.1.3 AS923-2 ===
75
76
77 * Default Uplink channel:
78 ** 921.4 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
79 ** 921.6 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
80
81 * Additional Uplink Channels: These channels are set during OTAA Join process from server.
82
83 * Downlink:
84 ** Uplink channels 1-8 (RX1)
85 ** 921.4 - SF10BW125 (RX2)
86
87 === 3.1.4 AS923-3 ===
88
89
90 * Default Uplink channel:
91 ** 916.6 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
92 ** 916.8 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
93
94 * Additional Uplink Channels: These channels are set during OTAA Join process from server.
95
96 * Downlink:
97 ** Uplink channels 1-8 (RX1)
98 ** 916.6 - SF10BW125 (RX2)
99
100 === 3.1.5 AS923-4 ===
101
102
103 * Countries : Israel
104 * Default Uplink channel:
105 ** 917.3 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
106 ** 917.5 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
107
108 * Additional Uplink Channels: These channels are set during OTAA Join process from server.
109 * Downlink:
110 ** Uplink channels 1-8 (RX1)
111 ** 917.3 - SF10BW125 (RX2)
112
113 == 3.2 AU915-928(AU915) ==
114
115
116 **Before [[Dragino DLS-005 LoRaWAN Stack>>url:https://www.dragino.com/downloads/downloads/LoRa_End_Node/DR-LWS/changelog]]** , Default use CHE=2
117
118 * Uplink:
119 ** 916.8 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
120 ** 917.0 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
121 ** 917.2 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
122 ** 917.4 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
123 ** 917.6 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
124 ** 917.8 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
125 ** 918.0 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
126 ** 918.2 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
127
128 * Downlink:
129 ** 923.3 - SF7BW500 to SF12BW500
130 ** 923.9 - SF7BW500 to SF12BW500
131 ** 924.5 - SF7BW500 to SF12BW500
132 ** 925.1 - SF7BW500 to SF12BW500
133 ** 925.7 - SF7BW500 to SF12BW500
134 ** 926.3 - SF7BW500 to SF12BW500
135 ** 926.9 - SF7BW500 to SF12BW500
136 ** 927.5 - SF7BW500 to SF12BW500
137 ** 923.3 - SF12BW500(RX2 downlink only)
138
139 (((
140 There is a issue if the end node is fixed at sub-band2. The sensor won't be able to register to other sub-band and can only works for the LoRaWAN server use sub-band2 , such as TTN. To solve this, user need to use a USB-TTL adapter to connect to the end node to manually set the sub-band which is very inconvinient.
141 )))
142
143
144 (((
145 So since **Since [[Dragino DLS-005 LoRaWAN Stack>>url:https://www.dragino.com/downloads/downloads/LoRa_End_Node/DR-LWS/changelog]]**, To make sure the end node supports all sub band by default. In the OTAA Join process, the end node will use frequency 1 from sub-band1, then frequency 1 from sub-band2, then frequency 1 from sub-band3, etc to process the OTAA join.
146 )))
147
148
149 (((
150 After Join success, the end node will switch to the correct sub band by:
151 )))
152
153 * (((
154 Check what sub-band the LoRaWAN server ask from the OTAA Join Accept message and switch to that sub-band
155 )))
156 * (((
157 Use the Join successful sub-band if the server doesn't include sub-band info in the OTAA Join Accept message ( TTN v2 doesn't include)
158
159
160
161 )))
162
163 == 3.3 CN470-510 (CN470) ==
164
165
166 Used in China, Default use CHE=1
167
168 * Uplink:
169 ** 486.3 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
170 ** 486.5 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
171 ** 486.7 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
172 ** 486.9 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
173 ** 487.1 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
174 ** 487.3 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
175 ** 487.5 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
176 ** 487.7 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
177
178 * Downlink:
179 ** 506.7 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
180 ** 506.9 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
181 ** 507.1 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
182 ** 507.3 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
183 ** 507.5 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
184 ** 507.7 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
185 ** 507.9 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
186 ** 508.1 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
187 ** 505.3 - SF12BW125 (RX2 downlink only)
188
189 == 3.4 EU863-870 (EU868) ==
190
191
192 * Uplink:
193 ** 868.1 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
194 ** 868.3 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125 and SF7BW250
195 ** 868.5 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
196 ** 867.1 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
197 ** 867.3 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
198 ** 867.5 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
199 ** 867.7 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
200 ** 867.9 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
201 ** 868.8 - FSK
202
203 * Downlink:
204 ** Uplink channels 1-9 (RX1)
205 ** 869.525 - SF9BW125 (RX2 downlink only)
206
207 OTAA RX2DR is set to DR0, SF12BW125 since 2021,Mar for Dragino Devices.
208
209
210 == 3.5 IN865-867 (IN865) ==
211
212
213 * Uplink:
214 ** 865.0625 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
215 ** 865.4025 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
216 ** 865.9850 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
217
218 * Downlink:
219 ** Uplink channels 1-3 (RX1)
220 ** 866.550 - SF10BW125 (RX2)
221
222 Gateway has below eight channels in IN865 bands.
223
224 * 865.0625 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
225 * 865.4025 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
226 * 865.6025 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
227 * 865.9850 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
228 * 866.1850 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
229 * 866.3850 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
230 * 866.5850 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
231 * 866.7850 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
232
233 == 3.6 KZ865 ==
234
235
236 * Uplink ~-~- 125Khz , DR0 - DR5
237 ** 865.1
238 ** 865.2
239 ** 865.5
240 ** 865.7
241 ** 865.9
242
243 * Downlink:
244 ** The RX1 receive window uses the same channel as the preceding uplink.
245 ** The RX2 receive window uses a fixed frequency and data rate. The default parameters are 866.7MHz / DR0 (SF12, 125 kHz)​
246
247 == 3.7 KR920-923 (KR920) ==
248
249
250 * Default channel:
251 ** 922.1 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
252 ** 922.3 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
253 ** 922.5 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
254
255 * Uplink: (OTAA mode, channel added by JoinAccept message)
256 ** 922.1 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
257 ** 922.3 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
258 ** 922.5 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
259 ** 922.7 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
260 ** 922.9 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
261 ** 923.1 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
262 ** 923.3 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
263
264 * Downlink:
265 ** Uplink channels 1-7(RX1)
266 ** 921.9 - SF12BW125 (RX2 downlink only; SF12BW125 might be changed to SF9BW125)
267
268 == 3.8 MA869 ==
269
270
271 Country: Morroco
272
273 * Uplink:
274 ** 869.1 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
275 ** 869.3 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
276 ** 869.5 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
277 ** 869.7 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
278 ** 869.9 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
279 ** 870.0 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
280 ** 870.1 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
281 ** 870.3 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
282 ** 869.8 - FSK
283
284 * Downlink:
285 ** Uplink channels 1-9 (RX1)
286 ** 869.525 - SF12BW125 (RX2 downlink only)
287
288 == 3.9 US902-928 (US915) ==
289
290
291 Used in USA, Canada and South America.
292
293
294 === 3.9.1 Before [[Dragino DLS-005 LoRaWAN Stack>>url:https://www.dragino.com/downloads/downloads/LoRa_End_Node/DR-LWS/changelog]]. ===
295
296
297 Default use CHE=2, Subband 2
298
299 * Uplink:
300 ** 903.9 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
301 ** 904.1 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
302 ** 904.3 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
303 ** 904.5 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
304 ** 904.7 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
305 ** 904.9 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
306 ** 905.1 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
307 ** 905.3 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
308
309 * Downlink:
310 ** 923.3 - SF7BW500 to SF12BW500
311 ** 923.9 - SF7BW500 to SF12BW500
312 ** 924.5 - SF7BW500 to SF12BW500
313 ** 925.1 - SF7BW500 to SF12BW500
314 ** 925.7 - SF7BW500 to SF12BW500
315 ** 926.3 - SF7BW500 to SF12BW500
316 ** 926.9 - SF7BW500 to SF12BW500
317 ** 927.5 - SF7BW500 to SF12BW500
318 ** 923.3 - SF12BW500(RX2 downlink only)
319
320 === 3.9.2 Latest firmware, Since [[Dragino DLS-005 LoRaWAN Stack>>url:https://www.dragino.com/downloads/downloads/LoRa_End_Node/DR-LWS/changelog]] ===
321
322
323 (((
324 There is an issue if the end node is fixed at sub-band2. The sensor won't be able to register to other sub-band and can only work for the LoRaWAN server use sub-band2 , such as TTN. To solve this, the user needs to use a USB-TTL adapter to connect to the end node to manually set the sub-band which is very inconvenient.
325 )))
326
327 (((
328 So since **Since [[Dragino DLS-005 LoRaWAN Stack>>url:https://www.dragino.com/downloads/downloads/LoRa_End_Node/DR-LWS/changelog]]**, we have improved this, the end node will use frequency 1 from sub-band1, then frequency 1 from sub-band2, then frequency 1 from sub-band3, etc to process the OTAA join. In this case, the end node can support LoRaWAN servers with different subbands. To make sure the end node will only transmit the proper sub-band after OTAA Joined successfully, the end node will:
329 )))
330
331 * (((
332 Check what sub-band the LoRaWAN server ask from the OTAA Join Accept message and switch to that subband
333 )))
334 * (((
335 Use the Join successful sub-band if the server doesn't include subband info in the OTAA Join Accept message ( TTN v2 doesn't include)
336
337
338
339 )))
340
341 = 4. Frequency Bands for different server =
342
343
344 * TTN Frequency Band Settings: [[https:~~/~~/www.thethingsnetwork.org/docs/lorawan/frequency-plans.html>>url:https://www.thethingsnetwork.org/docs/lorawan/frequency-plans.html]]
345 * Loriot [[https:~~/~~/docs.loriot.io/display/LNS/Regional+Frequency+Plans>>url:https://docs.loriot.io/display/LNS/Regional+Frequency+Plans]]
346
347 = 5. Subband Related questiones in US915, AU915, CN470 bands. =
348
349
350 Frequency band US915, AU915 and CN470 supports totally 72 frequency in 8 sub-bands, Normally Gateway only support 8 channels ( one subband). So how does the gateway and end nodes work in such frequency?
351
352
353 == 5.1 Set Subband in Gateway. ==
354
355
356 * If Gateway choose (% style="color:blue" %)**Semtech UDP packet**(%%) forwarder to Connect to LoRaWAN server. User need to manually set the match Subband in the gateway web UI.
357
358 * If Gateway choose (% style="color:blue" %)**Basic Station Mode**(%%) to connect to the LoRaWAN server. User can set the subband in the Server side and gateway will the correct subband from server. no need to set this in gateway. AWS-IoT, TTN, ChirpStack all supports Basic Station Connection.
359
360 == 5.2 Set Subband in End Node ==
361
362
363 * In early End Node firmware, it is pre-set to subband 2 , user need to manually set to proper subband if they don;t use subband 2.
364
365 * In new end node firmware , it supports all sub-bands, and will swtich to the proper subband after OTAA join. So user can use the end node with all sub-band.
366
367 Reference: [[How it affects the OTAA Join when end node is set to support all subbands>>http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/LoRaWAN%20Communication%20Debug/#H13.WhyittakeslongertimeforOTAAjoinedinUS9152FCN4702FAU915band3F]]?
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