Wiki source code of End Device Frequency Band

Version 15.1 by Edwin Chen on 2023/10/22 21:56
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1 (% class="wikigeneratedid" id="HEndDeviceFrequencyBand" %)
2 **Table of** **Contents：**
3
4 {{toc/}}
5
6
7
8
9 = 1. Introduction =
10
11
12 This page list the default frequency band for Dragino End Devices. The frequency bands are base on TTN Frequency Bands. User can modify upgrade firmware to support different frequency band or use AT Command to change the sub band in some frequency bands.
13
14 * TTN Frequency Band Settings: [[https:~~/~~/www.thethingsnetwork.org/docs/lorawan/frequency-plans.html>>url:https://www.thethingsnetwork.org/docs/lorawan/frequency-plans.html]]
15 * Frequency Bands vs Country List : Page 11 of [[LoRaWAN Regional Parameters RP2-1.0.3>>url:https://resources.lora-alliance.org/technical-specifications/rp2-1-0-3-lorawan-regional-parameters]]
16
17
18 = 2. OTAA Join Behaviour =
19
20
21 Since 005 LoRaWAN stack: to save battery, once boot, device will first make 200 tries for OTAA Join, the time period of two Join Requests will depends on the DR and the airtime requirement. After this 200 Join finish, device will send a join request every 20 minutes. If device reboot, it will do above loop again.
22
23 (((
24 Since 005 LoRaWAN Stack:
25 )))
26
27 * EU868 OTAA Join DR select. SF7->SF8->SF9->SF10->SF11->SF12; Each 3 attempts and then loop
28 * US915 and AU915 OTAA Join procedure,. End node by default will use all 72 channels to join and it will be set to use the proper sub-band after Join success
29
30
31 = 3. Default Frequency Bands =
32
33 == 3.1 AS923 ==
34
35 === 3.1.1 Notice for AS923 Frequency Bands ===
36
37
38 (((
39 Since [[RP002-1.0.1LoRaWAN Regional Parameters>>url:https://lora-alliance.org/sites/default/files/2020-02/rp_2-1.0.1.pdf]], AS923 include three different default settings for different countries: AS923-1, AS923-2 and AS923-3.
40 )))
41
42 (((
43 AS923-1 use the same default uplink frequency as previous AS923 firmware. AS923-2 and AS923-3 are new with different default uplink frequency. User need to know exactly the frequency bands from the LoRaWAN server and choose the right firmware version for the end node.
44 )))
45
46
47 === 3.1.2 AS920-923 & AS923-925 : AS923-1 (AS923) ===
48
49
50 * **Countries**: Malaysia,
51 * Default Uplink channel:
52 ** 923.2 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
53 ** 923.4 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
54
55 * Additional Uplink Channel: These channels are set during OTAA Join process from server. Below are the settings from TTN
56 * AS920~~AS923:
57 ** 922.2 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
58 ** 922.4 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
59 ** 922.6 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
60 ** 922.8 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
61 ** 923.0 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
62 ** 922.0 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
63
64 * AS923 ~~ AS925:
65 ** 923.6 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
66 ** 923.8 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
67 ** 924.0 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
68 ** 924.2 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
69 ** 924.4 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
70 ** 924.6 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
71
72 * Downlink:
73 ** Uplink channels 1-8 (RX1)
74 ** 923.2 - SF10BW125 (RX2)
75
76
77 === 3.1.3 AS923-2 ===
78
79
80 * Default Uplink channel:
81 ** 921.4 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
82 ** 921.6 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
83
84 * Additional Uplink Channels: These channels are set during OTAA Join process from server.
85
86 * Downlink:
87 ** Uplink channels 1-8 (RX1)
88 ** 921.4 - SF10BW125 (RX2)
89
90
91 === 3.1.4 AS923-3 ===
92
93
94 * Default Uplink channel:
95 ** 916.6 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
96 ** 916.8 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
97
98 * Additional Uplink Channels: These channels are set during OTAA Join process from server.
99
100 * Downlink:
101 ** Uplink channels 1-8 (RX1)
102 ** 916.6 - SF10BW125 (RX2)
103
104
105 === 3.1.5 AS923-4 ===
106
107
108 * Countries : Israel
109 * Default Uplink channel:
110 ** 917.3 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
111 ** 917.5 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
112
113 * Additional Uplink Channels: These channels are set during OTAA Join process from server.
114 * Downlink:
115 ** Uplink channels 1-8 (RX1)
116 ** 917.3 - SF10BW125 (RX2)
117
118
119 == 3.2 AU915-928(AU915) ==
120
121
122 **Before [[Dragino DLS-005 LoRaWAN Stack>>url:https://www.dragino.com/downloads/downloads/LoRa_End_Node/DR-LWS/changelog]]** , Default use CHE=2
123
124 * Uplink:
125 ** 916.8 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
126 ** 917.0 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
127 ** 917.2 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
128 ** 917.4 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
129 ** 917.6 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
130 ** 917.8 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
131 ** 918.0 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
132 ** 918.2 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
133
134 * Downlink:
135 ** 923.3 - SF7BW500 to SF12BW500
136 ** 923.9 - SF7BW500 to SF12BW500
137 ** 924.5 - SF7BW500 to SF12BW500
138 ** 925.1 - SF7BW500 to SF12BW500
139 ** 925.7 - SF7BW500 to SF12BW500
140 ** 926.3 - SF7BW500 to SF12BW500
141 ** 926.9 - SF7BW500 to SF12BW500
142 ** 927.5 - SF7BW500 to SF12BW500
143 ** 923.3 - SF12BW500(RX2 downlink only)
144
145 (((
146 There is a issue if the end node is fixed at sub-band2. The sensor won't be able to register to other sub-band and can only works for the LoRaWAN server use sub-band2 , such as TTN. To solve this, user need to use a USB-TTL adapter to connect to the end node to manually set the sub-band which is very inconvinient.
147 )))
148
149
150 (((
151 So since **Since [[Dragino DLS-005 LoRaWAN Stack>>url:https://www.dragino.com/downloads/downloads/LoRa_End_Node/DR-LWS/changelog]]**, To make sure the end node supports all sub band by default. In the OTAA Join process, the end node will use frequency 1 from sub-band1, then frequency 1 from sub-band2, then frequency 1 from sub-band3, etc to process the OTAA join.
152 )))
153
154
155 (((
156 After Join success, the end node will switch to the correct sub band by:
157 )))
158
159 * (((
160 Check what sub-band the LoRaWAN server ask from the OTAA Join Accept message and switch to that sub-band
161 )))
162 * (((
163 Use the Join successful sub-band if the server doesn't include sub-band info in the OTAA Join Accept message ( TTN v2 doesn't include)
164
165
166
167 )))
168
169 == 3.3 CN470-510 (CN470) ==
170
171
172 Used in China, Default use CHE=1
173
174 * Uplink:
175 ** 486.3 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
176 ** 486.5 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
177 ** 486.7 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
178 ** 486.9 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
179 ** 487.1 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
180 ** 487.3 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
181 ** 487.5 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
182 ** 487.7 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
183
184 * Downlink:
185 ** 506.7 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
186 ** 506.9 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
187 ** 507.1 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
188 ** 507.3 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
189 ** 507.5 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
190 ** 507.7 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
191 ** 507.9 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
192 ** 508.1 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
193 ** 505.3 - SF12BW125 (RX2 downlink only)
194
195
196 == 3.4 EU863-870 (EU868) ==
197
198
199 * Uplink:
200 ** 868.1 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
201 ** 868.3 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125 and SF7BW250
202 ** 868.5 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
203 ** 867.1 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
204 ** 867.3 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
205 ** 867.5 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
206 ** 867.7 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
207 ** 867.9 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
208 ** 868.8 - FSK
209
210 * Downlink:
211 ** Uplink channels 1-9 (RX1)
212 ** 869.525 - SF9BW125 (RX2 downlink only)
213
214 OTAA RX2DR is set to DR0, SF12BW125 since 2021,Mar for Dragino Devices.
215
216
217 == 3.5 IN865-867 (IN865) ==
218
219
220 * Uplink:
221 ** 865.0625 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
222 ** 865.4025 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
223 ** 865.9850 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
224
225 * Downlink:
226 ** Uplink channels 1-3 (RX1)
227 ** 866.550 - SF10BW125 (RX2)
228
229 Gateway has below eight channels in IN865 bands.
230
231 * 865.0625 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
232 * 865.4025 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
233 * 865.6025 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
234 * 865.9850 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
235 * 866.1850 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
236 * 866.3850 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
237 * 866.5850 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
238 * 866.7850 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
239
240
241 == 3.6 KZ865 ==
242
243
244 * Uplink ~-~- 125Khz , DR0 - DR5
245 ** 865.1
246 ** 865.2
247 ** 865.5
248 ** 865.7
249 ** 865.9
250
251 * Downlink:
252 ** The RX1 receive window uses the same channel as the preceding uplink.
253 ** The RX2 receive window uses a fixed frequency and data rate. The default parameters are 866.7MHz / DR0 (SF12, 125 kHz)​
254
255
256 == 3.7 KR920-923 (KR920) ==
257
258
259 * Default channel:
260 ** 922.1 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
261 ** 922.3 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
262 ** 922.5 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
263
264 * Uplink: (OTAA mode, channel added by JoinAccept message)
265 ** 922.1 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
266 ** 922.3 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
267 ** 922.5 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
268 ** 922.7 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
269 ** 922.9 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
270 ** 923.1 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
271 ** 923.3 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
272
273 * Downlink:
274 ** Uplink channels 1-7(RX1)
275 ** 921.9 - SF12BW125 (RX2 downlink only; SF12BW125 might be changed to SF9BW125)
276
277
278 == 3.8 MA869 ==
279
280
281 Country: Morroco
282
283 * Uplink:
284 ** 869.1 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
285 ** 869.3 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
286 ** 869.5 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
287 ** 869.7 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
288 ** 869.9 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
289 ** 870.0 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
290 ** 870.1 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
291 ** 870.3 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
292 ** 869.8 - FSK
293
294 * Downlink:
295 ** Uplink channels 1-9 (RX1)
296 ** 869.525 - SF12BW125 (RX2 downlink only)
297
298
299 == 3.9 US902-928 (US915) ==
300
301
302 Used in USA, Canada and South America.
303
304
305 === 3.9.1 Before [[Dragino DLS-005 LoRaWAN Stack>>url:https://www.dragino.com/downloads/downloads/LoRa_End_Node/DR-LWS/changelog]]. ===
306
307
308 Default use CHE=2, Subband 2
309
310 * Uplink:
311 ** 903.9 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
312 ** 904.1 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
313 ** 904.3 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
314 ** 904.5 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
315 ** 904.7 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
316 ** 904.9 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
317 ** 905.1 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
318 ** 905.3 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
319
320 * Downlink:
321 ** 923.3 - SF7BW500 to SF12BW500
322 ** 923.9 - SF7BW500 to SF12BW500
323 ** 924.5 - SF7BW500 to SF12BW500
324 ** 925.1 - SF7BW500 to SF12BW500
325 ** 925.7 - SF7BW500 to SF12BW500
326 ** 926.3 - SF7BW500 to SF12BW500
327 ** 926.9 - SF7BW500 to SF12BW500
328 ** 927.5 - SF7BW500 to SF12BW500
329 ** 923.3 - SF12BW500(RX2 downlink only)
330
331
332 === 3.9.2 Latest firmware, Since [[Dragino DLS-005 LoRaWAN Stack>>url:https://www.dragino.com/downloads/downloads/LoRa_End_Node/DR-LWS/changelog]] ===
333
334
335 (((
336 There is an issue if the end node is fixed at sub-band2. The sensor won't be able to register to other sub-band and can only work for the LoRaWAN server use sub-band2 , such as TTN. To solve this, the user needs to use a USB-TTL adapter to connect to the end node to manually set the sub-band which is very inconvenient.
337 )))
338
339 (((
340 So since **Since [[Dragino DLS-005 LoRaWAN Stack>>url:https://www.dragino.com/downloads/downloads/LoRa_End_Node/DR-LWS/changelog]]**, we have improved this, the end node will use frequency 1 from sub-band1, then frequency 1 from sub-band2, then frequency 1 from sub-band3, etc to process the OTAA join, In this case, In this case, the end node can support LoRaWAN servers with different subbands. To make sure the end node will only transmit the proper sub-band after OTAA Joined successfully, the end node will:
341 )))
342
343 * (((
344 Check what sub-band the LoRaWAN server ask from the OTAA Join Accept message and switch to that subband
345 )))
346 * (((
347 Use the Join successful sub-band if the server doesn't include subband info in the OTAA Join Accept message ( TTN v2 doesn't include)
348
349
350
351 )))
352
353 = 4. Frequency Bands for different server =
354
355
356 * TTN Frequency Band Settings: [[https:~~/~~/www.thethingsnetwork.org/docs/lorawan/frequency-plans.html>>url:https://www.thethingsnetwork.org/docs/lorawan/frequency-plans.html]]
357 * Loriot [[https:~~/~~/docs.loriot.io/display/LNS/Regional+Frequency+Plans>>url:https://docs.loriot.io/display/LNS/Regional+Frequency+Plans]]
358
359
360 = 5. Subband Related questiones in US915, AU915, CN470 bands. =
361
362
363 Frequency band US915, AU915 and CN470 supports totally 72 frequency in 8 sub-bands, Normally Gateway only support 8 channels ( one subband). So how does the gateway and end nodes work in such frequency?
364
365
366 == 5.1 Set Subband in Gateway. ==
367
368
369 * If Gateway choose (% style="color:blue" %)**Semtech UDP packet**(%%) forwarder to Connect to LoRaWAN server. User need to manually set the match Subband in the gateway web UI.
370
371 * If Gateway choose (% style="color:blue" %)**Basic Station Mode**(%%) to connect to the LoRaWAN server. User can set the subband in the Server side and gateway will the correct subband from server. no need to set this in gateway. AWS-IoT, TTN, ChirpStack all supports Basic Station Connection.
372
373
374 == 5.2 Set Subband in End Node ==
375
376
377 * In early End Node firmware, it is pre-set to subband 2 , user need to manually set to proper subband if they don;t use subband 2.
378
379 * In new end node firmware , it supports all sub-bands, and will swtich to the proper subband after OTAA join. So user can use the end node with all sub-band.
380
381 Reference: [[How it affects the OTAA Join when end node is set to support all subbands>>http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/LoRaWAN%20Communication%20Debug/#H13.WhyittakeslongertimeforOTAAjoinedinUS9152FCN4702FAU915band3F]]?
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