Version 1.6 by Xiaoling on 2022/05/12 17:52
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1 **Contents:**
2
3 {{toc/}}
4
5
6 = 1. Introduction =
7
8 The Dragino LoRaWAN gateway can commuicate with LoRaWAN ABP End Node without the need of LoRaWAN server. It can be used in some cases such as:
9
10 * No internet connection.
11 * User wants to get data forward in gateway and forward to their server base on MQTT/HTTP, etc. (Combine ABP communication method and [[MQTT forward together>>url:https://wiki.dragino.com/index.php/MQTT_Forward_Instruction]]).
12
13
14 The basic of this feature is the decoding of LoRaWAN ABP End Node. Requirements:
15
16 1. LoRaWAN End Node in ABP mode. Make sure your end node works in this mode. End node most are default set to OTAA mode
17 1. LoRaWAN Gateway model: [[LPS8>>url:http://www.dragino.com/products/lora-lorawan-gateway/item/148-lps8.html]], [[LG308>>url:http://www.dragino.com/products/lora-lorawan-gateway/item/140-lg308.html]], [[DLOS8>>url:http://www.dragino.com/products/lora-lorawan-gateway/item/160-dlos8.html]] ,[[LIG16>>url:http://www.dragino.com/products/lora-lorawan-gateway/item/171-lig16.html]]
18 1. Firmware version for below instruction:[[Since LG02_LG08~~-~~-build-v5.4.1593400722-20200629-1120>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_Gateway/LPS8/Firmware/Release/]]
19
20
21 = 2. How it works =
22
23
24 Video Instruction: [[https:~~/~~/youtu.be/ZBjXwmp7rwM>>url:https://youtu.be/ZBjXwmp7rwM]]
25
26 Assume we have the LoRaWAN tracker LGT92 which works in ABP mode and US915 band. It has below keys:
27
28 {{{AT+NWKSKEY=72 32 63 95 dd 8f e2 b2 13 66 e4 35 93 8f 55 df
29 AT+APPSKEY=b3 17 f8 14 7a 43 27 8a 6a 31 c4 47 3d 55 5d 33
30 AT+DADDR=2602111D
31 }}}
32
33 and we have the LG308 works and US915 band and support ABP decryption. User can input these keys in LG308 so the LG308 can communicate with LGT92.
34
35 We need to input above keys in LG308 and enable ABP decryption.
36
37 [[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/images/thumb/5/55/LG308_MQTT_1.png/600px-LG308_MQTT_1.png||height="329" width="600"]]
38
39 Input the ABP keys in LG308
40
41
42 == 2.1 Upstream ==
43
44 Now when this End Node (Dev Addr=2602111D) send a uplink packet. When this packet arrive LG308, LG308 will decode it and put the decode data on the file /var/iot/channels/2602111D . So we have this data for further process with other applications in LG308.
45
46 We can see the log of LG308 to know this packet arrive
47
48 [[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/images/thumb/1/16/ABP_DECODE_2.png/600px-ABP_DECODE_2.png||height="205" width="600"]]
49
50 LG308 log by "logread -f" command
51
52
53 The data of End Node is stored in the file /var/iot/channels/2602111D. We can use hexdump command to check it.
54
55 {{{root@dragino-1d25dc:~# hexdump /var/iot/channels/2602111D
56 0000000 4646 4646 4646 3946 3030 3030 3030 3546 --> Got RSSI and SNR
57 0000010 cc0c 0b63 0266 017f ff7f ff00 --> Payload
58 000001c
59 }}}
60
61 * RSSI: 4646 4646 4646 3946 = 0xFFFF FF9F : So RSSI = (0xFFFF FF9F - 0x100000000) = -97
62 * SNR: 3030 3030 3030 3546 = 0x0000 005F = 95, need to divide 10 so SNR is 9.5
63 * Payload: 0xcc0c 0b63 0266 017f ff7f ff00
64
65
66 {{{Notice 1: The data file stored in LG308 for the end node is bin file. If the end node sends ASCII string to gateway, the output will as below:
67 in LGT92, use AT+SEND=12:hello world to send ASCII string
68 root@dragino-1d25dc:~# hexdump /var/iot/channels/2602111D
69 0000000 4646 4646 4646 3946 3030 3030 3030 3546
70 0000010 6865 6c6c 6f20 776f 726c 6400 --> Got ASCII code "hello world"
71 000001c
72 }}}
73
74 {{{Notice 2: The upstream payload length should match the LoRaWAN length requirement (max length depends on Frequency and DR), otherwise the gateway can't decode the payload.
75 }}}
76
77 === 2.2.1 Decode Method ===
78
79 The decode methods: ASCII String, Decode_LHT65 doesn't affect how the sensor data is stored, they are to define how should the sensor data to be sent.
80
81 For example we have a LHT65 , works in ABP mode and gateway successful get the data, which are:
82
83 {{{root@dragino-1baf44:~# hexdump /var/iot/channels/01826108
84 0000000 4646 4646 4646 4537 3030 3030 3030 3438
85 0000010 ccd1 7fff 7fff 017f ff7f ff00
86 000001c
87 }}}
88
89 If we choose ASCII decoder, the MQTT process will send out with mqtt-data:
90
91 {{{Sun Sep 27 04:33:16 2020 user.notice root: [IoT.MQTT]:pub_topic[-t]: dragino-1baf44/01826108/data
92 Sun Sep 27 04:33:16 2020 user.notice root: [IoT.MQTT]:decoder: ASCII
93 Sun Sep 27 04:33:16 2020 user.notice root: [IoT.MQTT]:mqtt_data[-m]: ffffffe700000048ccd17fff7fff017fff7fff00
94 }}}
95
96 If we choose Decode_LHT65, the MQTT process will send out with mqtt-data
97
98 {{{Sun Sep 27 04:36:45 2020 user.notice root: [IoT.MQTT]:pub_topic[-t]: dragino-1baf44/01826108/data
99 Sun Sep 27 04:36:45 2020 user.notice root: [IoT.MQTT]:decoder: Dragino_LHT65
100 Sun Sep 27 04:36:45 2020 user.notice root: [IoT.MQTT]:mqtt_data[-m]: {"Hum_SHT":32.7,"BatV":3.281,"TempC_DS":32.9,
101 "EXT":"Temperature Sensor","RSSI":-24,"TempC_SHT":85.0,"SNR":8.2,"ext_sensor":0}
102 }}}
103
104 Above scripts are store in /etc/lora/decoder/. User can put their scripts here and select it in the UI.
105
106
107 === 2.2.2 How to Decode My End Node ===
108
109 1/ Configure the ABP keys for your end node in the gateway. enable ABP decode in Web UI
110
111 2/ Don't choose MQTT service, use LoRaWAN.
112
113 3/ When your end node send a message to the gateway, there will be a file store in /var/iot/channels. full path should be /var/iot/channels/END_NODE_DEV_ADDR
114
115 4/ Use the /etc/lora/decoder/Dragino_LHT65 as template to decode your payload. This script is written in Lua language. User can manually call this script when you see the data file in /var/iot/channels by running:
116
117 {{{/etc/lora/decoder/Dragino_LHT65 END_NODE_DEV_ADDR
118 }}}
119
120 5/ What you see as output is the MQTT data device will upload, user's end node has different payload compare with LHT65, most properly this file will report with error. User need to modify to match the actual payload. Some notice:
121
122 * RSSI and SNR are added when gateway receive the packet, so there is always this field.
123 * If you rename the file, please make it executable.
124 * See this link for lua.bit module: [[http:~~/~~/luaforge.net/projects/bit/>>url:http://luaforge.net/projects/bit/]]
125 * Lua json module: [[http:~~/~~/json.luaforge.net/>>url:http://json.luaforge.net/]]
126 * the last line return is what will be used for MQTT
127 * User can use other language ,not limited to Lua, just make sure the return is what you want to send.
128
129 == 2.2 Downstream ==
130
131 In LG308, we can create a file in the directory /var/iot/push for downstream purpose. We recommend using each command to generate this file. This file will be used for transmission and auto-deleted after used
132
133 The file should use below format:
134
135
136 dev_addr,imme/time,txt/hex,payload
137
138 Since fimware > Dragino-v2 lgw-5.4.1608518541 . Support more option
139
140 dev_addr,imme/time,txt/hex,payload,txpw,txbw,SF,frequency,rxwindow
141
142 * dev_addr: Inptu the device address
143 * imme/time:
144 ** imme: send downstream immediately,For Class C end node.
145 ** time: send downstream after receive device's uplink. For Class A end node
146 * txt/hex:
147 ** txt: send payload in ASCII
148 ** hex: send payload in HEX
149 * payload: payload to be sent, payload lenght should match the LoRaWAN protocol requirement.
150 * txpw: Transmit Power. example: 20
151 * txbw: bandwidth:
152 ** 1: 500 kHz
153 ** 2: 250 kHz
154 ** 3: 125 kHz
155 ** 4: 62.5 kHz
156 * SF: Spreading Factor : SF7/SF8/SF9/SF10/SF11/SF12
157 * Frequency: Transmit Frequency: example: 923300000
158 * rxwindow: transmit on Rx1Window or Rx2Window.
159
160
161 Completely exmaple:
162
163 * Old version: echo 018193F4,imme,hex,0101 > /var/iot/push/test
164 * New version: echo 018193F4,imme,hex,0101,20,1,SF12,923300000,2 > /var/iot/push/test
165
166
167 Downstream Frequency
168
169 The LG308 will use the RX2 window info to send the downstream payload, use the default LoRaWAN settings, as below:
170
171 * EU868: 869.525Mhz, DR0(SF12BW125)
172 * US915: 923.3Mhz, SF12 BW500
173 * CN470: 505.3Mhz, SF12 BW125
174 * AU915: 923.3Mhz, SF12 BW500
175 * AS923: 923.2Mhz, SF10 BW125
176 * KR920: 921.9Mhz, SF12 BW125
177 * IN865: 866.55Mhz, SF10 BW125
178 * RU864: 869.1Mhz, SF12 BW125
179
180
181 Examples:
182
183 {{{we can use echo command to create files in LG308 for downstream.
184 root@dragino-1d25dc:~# echo 2602111D,time,hex,12345678 > /var/iot/push/test
185
186 1) From logread -f of gateway, we can see it has been added as pedning.
187 lora_pkt_fwd[4286]: INFO~ [DNLK]Looking file : test
188 lora_pkt_fwd[4286]: INFO~ [DNLK]devaddr:2602111D, txmode:time, pdfm:hex, size:4, payload1:4Vx,payload_hex:77C1BB90
189 lora_pkt_fwd[4286]: INFO~ [DNLK] DNLINK PENDING!(1 elems).
190
191 2) When there is an upstrea from end node, this downstream will be sent and shows:
192 lora_pkt_fwd[4286]: INFO: tx_start_delay=1497 (1497.000000) - (1497, bw_delay=0.000000, notch_delay=0.000000)
193 lora_pkt_fwd[4286]: [LGWSEND]lgw_send done: count_us=3537314420, freq=923300000, size=17
194
195 3) and the end node will got:
196 [5764825]***** UpLinkCounter= 98 *****
197 [5764827]TX on freq 905300000 Hz at DR 0
198 Update Interval: 60000 ms
199 [5765202]txDone
200 [5766193]RX on freq 927500000 Hz at DR 10
201 [5766225]rxTimeOut
202 [5767205]RX on freq 923300000 Hz at DR 8
203 [5767501]rxDone
204 Rssi= -41
205 Receive data
206 2:12345678 --> Hex
207 }}}
208
209 {{{4) If we use the command "echo 2602111D,time,txt,12345678 > /var/iot/push/test" for downstream, the end node will got:
210 [5955877]***** UpLinkCounter= 102 *****
211 [5955879]TX on freq 904100000 Hz at DR 0
212 Update Interval: 60000 ms
213 [5956254]txDone
214 [5957246]RX on freq 923900000 Hz at DR 10
215 [5957278]rxTimeOut
216 [5958257]RX on freq 923300000 Hz at DR 8
217 [5958595]rxDone
218 Rssi= -37
219 Receive data
220 2:3132333435363738 --> ASCII string "12345678"
221 }}}
222
223 = 3. Example 1: Communicate with LT-22222-L =
224
225 Script can be download from: [[Example Script 1>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_Gateway/LPS8/Firmware/customized_script/&file=talk_to_lt-22222-l_v0.1.sh]]
226
227 {{{#!/bin/sh
228 # This scripts shows how to use LPS8/LG308/DLOS8 to communicate with two LoRaWAN End Nodes, without the use of internet or LoRaWAN server
229 #
230 # Hardware Prepare:
231 # 1. LT-22222-L x 2, both are configured to work in
232 # a) Class C ;
233 # b) ABP Mode ;
234 # c) AT+Mod=1
235 # 2. LPS8,
236 # a) Firmware version >
237 # b) Input the LT-22222-L keys in LPS so LPS8 can talk with them.
238 # c) Lorawan server choose built-in
239 # d) in Custom page, select custom script to point to this script. (put this script in /etc/iot/scripts directory)
240 #
241 # How it works?
242 # a) Devices 1 sends a uplink payload to LPS8. LPS8 will get the DI1 and DI2 info from the payload
243 # b) LPS8 will send a message to Device 2 to set the Device2 DO1 = Device1 DI1, and Device DO2 = Device DI2.
244 # c) Device2 will change DO1 and DO2 to according to the message from LPS8, and send back a message to LPS8 with the its DO1
245 # and DO2 value. LPS8 will ask Device1 to change its DO1 to same as Device 2, and change the DO2 to the same as Device 2.
246 # ( The purpose of this step is to show that the Device2 has already do the change there).
247 #
248 # For example: If current status of Device1 and Device2 leds shows:
249 # Device1: DI1: ON, DI2: ON , DO1: OFF, DO2: OFF
250 # Device2: DI1: OFF, DI2: OFF , DO1: OFF, DO2: OFF
251 #
252 # Step2 will cause below change:
253 # Device1: DI1: ON, DI2: ON , DO1: OFF, DO2: OFF
254 # Device2: DI1: OFF, DI2: OFF , DO1: ON, DO2: ON
255 #
256 # Step3 will cause below change:
257 # Device1: DI1: ON, DI2: ON , DO1: ON, DO2: ON
258 # Device2: DI1: OFF, DI2: OFF , DO1: ON, DO2: ON
259 # So if a person is in the Device 1 location, he can check if the DO LED match DI LEDs on Device 1 to confirm
260 # whether the Device 2 has been changed.}}}
261
262 ~1. Input keys
263
264 [[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/images/thumb/b/bf/LPS8_LT-22222_1.png/600px-LPS8_LT-22222_1.png||height="335" width="600"]]
265
266 Input Keys in LPS8
267
268 2. Make sure the LPS8 and LT use the same frequency bands, choose EU868 in this test.
269
270 3. Choose Built-in server
271
272 [[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/images/thumb/d/d7/LPS8_LT-22222_2.png/600px-LPS8_LT-22222_2.png||height="264" width="600"]]
273
274 Choose Built-in server
275
276 4. Run the script.
277
278 [[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/images/thumb/3/39/LPS8_LT-22222_3.png/600px-LPS8_LT-22222_3.png||height="389" width="600"]]
279
280 Run the script
281
282 5. Output:
283
284 [[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/images/thumb/f/fe/LPS8_LT-22222_4.png/600px-LPS8_LT-22222_4.png||height="433" width="600"]]
285
286 Output from LPS8
287
288
289 = 4. Example 2: Communicate to TCP Server =
290
291 [[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/images/thumb/7/75/LPS8_TCP_0.png/600px-LPS8_TCP_0.png||height="370" width="600"]]
292
293 Network Structure
294
295
296 Full instruction video inlcude how to write scripts to fit server needed is here:
297
298
299 Video Instruction: [[https:~~/~~/youtu.be/-nevW6U2TsE>>url:https://youtu.be/-nevW6U2TsE]]
300
301
302 Note: Firmware version must be higher than lgw-5.4.1607519907
303
304 Assume we already set up ABP keys in the gateway:
305
306 [[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/images/thumb/b/bf/LPS8_LT-22222_1.png/600px-LPS8_LT-22222_1.png||height="335" width="600"]]
307
308 Input Keys in LPS8
309
310 run socket tool in PC
311
312 [[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/images/thumb/4/4b/LPS8_TCP_2.png/600px-LPS8_TCP_2.png||height="212" width="600"]]
313
314 Socket tool
315
316
317 Input Server address and port
318
319 [[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/images/thumb/c/c6/LPS8_TCP_3.png/600px-LPS8_TCP_3.png||height="306" width="600"]]
320
321 Input Server address and port
322
323
324 See value receive in socket tool. :
325
326 [[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/images/thumb/2/20/LPS8_TCP_4.png/600px-LPS8_TCP_4.png||height="219" width="600"]]
327
328 value receive in socket tool
329
330 If user want to modify the TCP connection method. He can refer: [[https:~~/~~/github.com/dragino/dragino-packages/blob/lg02/haserl-ui/root/usr/bin/tcp_process.sh>>url:https://github.com/dragino/dragino-packages/blob/lg02/haserl-ui/root/usr/bin/tcp_process.sh]]. Same script is on /usr/bin of gateway.

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