Last modified by Xiaoling on 2023/04/20 18:14
<
From version < 7.2 >
edited by Xiaoling
on 2022/05/27 16:26
To version < 1.3 >
edited by Xiaoling
on 2022/05/12 17:50
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1 - **Contents:**
1 +Contents:
2 2  
3 -{{toc/}}
4 4  
5 -
6 6  = 1. Introduction =
7 7  
8 8  The Dragino LoRaWAN gateway can commuicate with LoRaWAN ABP End Node without the need of LoRaWAN server. It can be used in some cases such as:
... ... @@ -10,36 +10,29 @@
10 10  * No internet connection.
11 11  * User wants to get data forward in gateway and forward to their server base on MQTT/HTTP, etc. (Combine ABP communication method and [[MQTT forward together>>url:https://wiki.dragino.com/index.php/MQTT_Forward_Instruction]]).
12 12  
13 -(((
14 -The basic of this feature is the decoding of (% style="color:red" %)**LoRaWAN ABP End Node**(%%). Requirements:
15 -)))
16 16  
12 +The basic of this feature is the decoding of LoRaWAN ABP End Node. Requirements:
13 +
17 17  1. LoRaWAN End Node in ABP mode. Make sure your end node works in this mode. End node most are default set to OTAA mode
18 18  1. LoRaWAN Gateway model: [[LPS8>>url:http://www.dragino.com/products/lora-lorawan-gateway/item/148-lps8.html]], [[LG308>>url:http://www.dragino.com/products/lora-lorawan-gateway/item/140-lg308.html]], [[DLOS8>>url:http://www.dragino.com/products/lora-lorawan-gateway/item/160-dlos8.html]] ,[[LIG16>>url:http://www.dragino.com/products/lora-lorawan-gateway/item/171-lig16.html]]
19 -1. Firmware version for below instruction:**[[(% style="color:purple" %)Since LG02_LG08~~-~~-build-v5.4.1593400722-20200629-1120>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_Gateway/LPS8/Firmware/Release/]](%%)**
16 +1. Firmware version for below instruction:[[Since LG02_LG08~~-~~-build-v5.4.1593400722-20200629-1120>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_Gateway/LPS8/Firmware/Release/]]
20 20  
21 -= 2. How it works =
22 22  
19 += 2. How it works
20 +\\Video Instruction: [[https:~~/~~/youtu.be/ZBjXwmp7rwM>>url:https://youtu.be/ZBjXwmp7rwM]] =
23 23  
24 -(% style="color:#037691" %)**Video Instruction**(%%): **[[https:~~/~~/youtu.be/ZBjXwmp7rwM>>url:https://youtu.be/ZBjXwmp7rwM]]**
25 -
26 -
27 27  Assume we have the LoRaWAN tracker LGT92 which works in ABP mode and US915 band. It has below keys:
28 28  
29 -(% class="box infomessage" %)
30 -(((
31 -AT+NWKSKEY=72 32 63 95 dd 8f e2 b2 13 66 e4 35 93 8f 55 df
24 +{{{AT+NWKSKEY=72 32 63 95 dd 8f e2 b2 13 66 e4 35 93 8f 55 df
32 32  AT+APPSKEY=b3 17 f8 14 7a 43 27 8a 6a 31 c4 47 3d 55 5d 33
33 33  AT+DADDR=2602111D
34 -)))
27 +}}}
35 35  
36 -(((
37 37  and we have the LG308 works and US915 band and support ABP decryption. User can input these keys in LG308 so the LG308 can communicate with LGT92.
38 -)))
39 39  
40 40  We need to input above keys in LG308 and enable ABP decryption.
41 41  
42 -[[image:image-20220527161119-1.png]]
33 +[[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/images/thumb/5/55/LG308_MQTT_1.png/600px-LG308_MQTT_1.png||height="329" width="600"]]
43 43  
44 44  Input the ABP keys in LG308
45 45  
... ... @@ -48,11 +48,9 @@
48 48  
49 49  Now when this End Node (Dev Addr=2602111D) send a uplink packet. When this packet arrive LG308, LG308 will decode it and put the decode data on the file /var/iot/channels/2602111D . So we have this data for further process with other applications in LG308.
50 50  
51 -(((
52 52  We can see the log of LG308 to know this packet arrive
53 -)))
54 54  
55 -[[image:image-20220527161149-2.png]]
44 +[[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/images/thumb/1/16/ABP_DECODE_2.png/600px-ABP_DECODE_2.png||height="205" width="600"]]
56 56  
57 57  LG308 log by "logread -f" command
58 58  
... ... @@ -59,66 +59,54 @@
59 59  
60 60  The data of End Node is stored in the file /var/iot/channels/2602111D. We can use hexdump command to check it.
61 61  
62 -(% class="box" %)
63 -(((
64 -root@dragino-1d25dc:~~# hexdump /var/iot/channels/2602111D
65 -0000000 (% style="color:#037691" %)**4646 4646 4646 3946 3030 3030 3030 3546**(%%)      ~-~-> Got RSSI and SNR    
66 -0000010 (% style="color:#037691" %)**cc0c 0b63 0266 017f ff7f ff00 **(%%) ~-~-> Payload
51 +{{{root@dragino-1d25dc:~# hexdump /var/iot/channels/2602111D
52 +0000000 4646 4646 4646 3946 3030 3030 3030 3546 --> Got RSSI and SNR
53 +0000010 cc0c 0b63 0266 017f ff7f ff00 --> Payload
67 67  000001c
68 -)))
55 +}}}
69 69  
70 70  * RSSI: 4646 4646 4646 3946 = 0xFFFF FF9F : So RSSI = (0xFFFF FF9F - 0x100000000) = -97
71 71  * SNR: 3030 3030 3030 3546 = 0x0000 005F = 95, need to divide 10 so SNR is 9.5
72 72  * Payload: 0xcc0c 0b63 0266 017f ff7f ff00
73 73  
74 -(% class="box" %)
75 -(((
76 -(% style="color:red" %)**Notice 1**(%%): The data file stored in LG308 for the end node is bin file. If the end node sends ASCII string to gateway, the output will as below:
77 -in LGT92, use (% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+SEND=12:hello world** (%%)to send ASCII string
78 -root@dragino-1d25dc:~~# hexdump /var/iot/channels/2602111D
61 +
62 +{{{Notice 1: The data file stored in LG308 for the end node is bin file. If the end node sends ASCII string to gateway, the output will as below:
63 +in LGT92, use AT+SEND=12:hello world to send ASCII string
64 +root@dragino-1d25dc:~# hexdump /var/iot/channels/2602111D
79 79  0000000 4646 4646 4646 3946 3030 3030 3030 3546
80 -0000010 6865 6c6c 6f20 776f 726c 6400      ~-~-> Got ASCII code "hello world"    
66 +0000010 6865 6c6c 6f20 776f 726c 6400 --> Got ASCII code "hello world"
81 81  000001c
82 -)))
68 +}}}
83 83  
84 -(% class="box" %)
85 -(((
86 -(% style="color:#037691" %)**Notice 2**(%%): The upstream payload length should match the LoRaWAN length requirement (max length depends on Frequency and DR), otherwise the gateway can't decode the payload.
87 -)))
70 +{{{Notice 2: The upstream payload length should match the LoRaWAN length requirement (max length depends on Frequency and DR), otherwise the gateway can't decode the payload.
71 +}}}
88 88  
89 -
90 90  === 2.2.1 Decode Method ===
91 91  
92 -The decode methods: (% style="color:#037691" %)**ASCII String, Decode_LHT65**(%%) doesn't affect how the sensor data is stored, they are to define how should the sensor data to be sent.
75 +The decode methods: ASCII String, Decode_LHT65 doesn't affect how the sensor data is stored, they are to define how should the sensor data to be sent.
93 93  
94 94  For example we have a LHT65 , works in ABP mode and gateway successful get the data, which are:
95 95  
96 -(% class="box" %)
97 -(((
98 -root@dragino-1baf44:~~# hexdump /var/iot/channels/01826108
79 +{{{root@dragino-1baf44:~# hexdump /var/iot/channels/01826108
99 99  0000000 4646 4646 4646 4537 3030 3030 3030 3438
100 -0000010 ccd1 7fff 7fff 017f ff7f ff00         
81 +0000010 ccd1 7fff 7fff 017f ff7f ff00
101 101  000001c
102 -)))
83 +}}}
103 103  
104 104  If we choose ASCII decoder, the MQTT process will send out with mqtt-data:
105 105  
106 -(% class="box" %)
107 -(((
108 -Sun Sep 27 04:33:16 2020 user.notice root: [IoT.MQTT]:pub_topic[-t]: dragino-1baf44/01826108/data
87 +{{{Sun Sep 27 04:33:16 2020 user.notice root: [IoT.MQTT]:pub_topic[-t]: dragino-1baf44/01826108/data
109 109  Sun Sep 27 04:33:16 2020 user.notice root: [IoT.MQTT]:decoder: ASCII
110 -Sun Sep 27 04:33:16 2020 user.notice root: [IoT.MQTT]:mqtt_data[-m]: (% style="color:#037691" %)**ffffffe700000048ccd17fff7fff017fff7fff00**
111 -)))
89 +Sun Sep 27 04:33:16 2020 user.notice root: [IoT.MQTT]:mqtt_data[-m]: ffffffe700000048ccd17fff7fff017fff7fff00
90 +}}}
112 112  
113 113  If we choose Decode_LHT65, the MQTT process will send out with mqtt-data
114 114  
115 -(% class="box" %)
116 -(((
117 -Sun Sep 27 04:36:45 2020 user.notice root: [IoT.MQTT]:pub_topic[-t]: dragino-1baf44/01826108/data
94 +{{{Sun Sep 27 04:36:45 2020 user.notice root: [IoT.MQTT]:pub_topic[-t]: dragino-1baf44/01826108/data
118 118  Sun Sep 27 04:36:45 2020 user.notice root: [IoT.MQTT]:decoder: Dragino_LHT65
119 -Sun Sep 27 04:36:45 2020 user.notice root: [IoT.MQTT]:mqtt_data[-m]:** (% style="color:#037691" %){"Hum_SHT":32.7,"BatV":3.281,"TempC_DS":32.9,
120 -"EXT":"Temperature Sensor","RSSI":-24,"TempC_SHT":85.0,"SNR":8.2,"ext_sensor":0}(%%)**
121 -)))
96 +Sun Sep 27 04:36:45 2020 user.notice root: [IoT.MQTT]:mqtt_data[-m]: {"Hum_SHT":32.7,"BatV":3.281,"TempC_DS":32.9,
97 +"EXT":"Temperature Sensor","RSSI":-24,"TempC_SHT":85.0,"SNR":8.2,"ext_sensor":0}
98 +}}}
122 122  
123 123  Above scripts are store in /etc/lora/decoder/. User can put their scripts here and select it in the UI.
124 124  
... ... @@ -145,8 +145,6 @@
145 145  * the last line return is what will be used for MQTT
146 146  * User can use other language ,not limited to Lua, just make sure the return is what you want to send.
147 147  
148 -
149 -
150 150  == 2.2 Downstream ==
151 151  
152 152  In LG308, we can create a file in the directory /var/iot/push for downstream purpose. We recommend using each command to generate this file. This file will be used for transmission and auto-deleted after used
... ... @@ -153,11 +153,12 @@
153 153  
154 154  The file should use below format:
155 155  
156 -(% style="color:#037691" %)**dev_addr,imme/time,txt/hex,payload**
157 157  
132 +dev_addr,imme/time,txt/hex,payload
133 +
158 158  Since fimware > Dragino-v2 lgw-5.4.1608518541 . Support more option
159 159  
160 -(% style="color:#037691" %)**dev_addr,imme/time,txt/hex,payload,txpw,txbw,SF,frequency,rxwindow**
136 +dev_addr,imme/time,txt/hex,payload,txpw,txbw,SF,frequency,rxwindow
161 161  
162 162  * dev_addr: Inptu the device address
163 163  * imme/time:
... ... @@ -177,6 +177,7 @@
177 177  * Frequency: Transmit Frequency: example: 923300000
178 178  * rxwindow: transmit on Rx1Window or Rx2Window.
179 179  
156 +
180 180  Completely exmaple:
181 181  
182 182  * Old version: echo 018193F4,imme,hex,0101 > /var/iot/push/test
... ... @@ -183,7 +183,7 @@
183 183  * New version: echo 018193F4,imme,hex,0101,20,1,SF12,923300000,2 > /var/iot/push/test
184 184  
185 185  
186 -(% style="color:#037691" %)**Downstream Frequency**
163 +Downstream Frequency
187 187  
188 188  The LG308 will use the RX2 window info to send the downstream payload, use the default LoRaWAN settings, as below:
189 189  
... ... @@ -197,33 +197,22 @@
197 197  * RU864: 869.1Mhz, SF12 BW125
198 198  
199 199  
200 -(% style="color:#037691" %)**Examples:**
177 +Examples:
201 201  
202 -(% class="box" %)
203 -(((
204 -we can use echo command to create files in LG308 for downstream.
205 -root@dragino-1d25dc:~~# echo 2602111D,time,hex,12345678 > /var/iot/push/test
206 -)))
179 +{{{we can use echo command to create files in LG308 for downstream.
180 +root@dragino-1d25dc:~# echo 2602111D,time,hex,12345678 > /var/iot/push/test
207 207  
208 -(% class="box" %)
209 -(((
210 -1) From logread -f of gateway, we can see it has been added as pedning.
211 -lora_pkt_fwd[4286]: INFO~~ [DNLK]Looking file : test
212 -lora_pkt_fwd[4286]: INFO~~ [DNLK]devaddr:2602111D, txmode:time, pdfm:hex, size:4, payload1:4Vx,payload_hex:77C1BB90
213 -lora_pkt_fwd[4286]: INFO~~ [DNLK] DNLINK PENDING!(1 elems).
214 -)))
182 +1) From logread -f of gateway, we can see it has been added as pedning.
183 +lora_pkt_fwd[4286]: INFO~ [DNLK]Looking file : test
184 +lora_pkt_fwd[4286]: INFO~ [DNLK]devaddr:2602111D, txmode:time, pdfm:hex, size:4, payload1:4Vx,payload_hex:77C1BB90
185 +lora_pkt_fwd[4286]: INFO~ [DNLK] DNLINK PENDING!(1 elems).
215 215  
216 -(% class="box" %)
217 -(((
218 -2) When there is an upstrea from end node, this downstream will be sent and shows:
187 +2) When there is an upstrea from end node, this downstream will be sent and shows:
219 219  lora_pkt_fwd[4286]: INFO: tx_start_delay=1497 (1497.000000) - (1497, bw_delay=0.000000, notch_delay=0.000000)
220 220  lora_pkt_fwd[4286]: [LGWSEND]lgw_send done: count_us=3537314420, freq=923300000, size=17
221 -)))
222 222  
223 -(% class="box" %)
224 -(((
225 -3) and the end node will got:
226 -[5764825]~*~*~*~** UpLinkCounter= 98 ~*~*~*~**
191 +3) and the end node will got:
192 +[5764825]***** UpLinkCounter= 98 *****
227 227  [5764827]TX on freq 905300000 Hz at DR 0
228 228  Update Interval: 60000 ms
229 229  [5765202]txDone
... ... @@ -233,13 +233,11 @@
233 233  [5767501]rxDone
234 234  Rssi= -41
235 235  Receive data
236 -(% style="color:#037691" %)**2:12345678**  (%%) ~-~-> Hex
237 -)))
202 +2:12345678 --> Hex
203 +}}}
238 238  
239 -(% class="box" %)
240 -(((
241 -4) If we use the command "echo 2602111D,time,txt,12345678 > /var/iot/push/test" for downstream, the end node will got:
242 -[5955877]~*~*~*~** UpLinkCounter= 102 ~*~*~*~**
205 +{{{4) If we use the command "echo 2602111D,time,txt,12345678 > /var/iot/push/test" for downstream, the end node will got:
206 +[5955877]***** UpLinkCounter= 102 *****
243 243  [5955879]TX on freq 904100000 Hz at DR 0
244 244  Update Interval: 60000 ms
245 245  [5956254]txDone
... ... @@ -249,78 +249,71 @@
249 249  [5958595]rxDone
250 250  Rssi= -37
251 251  Receive data
252 -(% style="color:#037691" %)**2:3132333435363738**(%%) ~-~-> ASCII string "12345678"
253 -)))
216 +2:3132333435363738 --> ASCII string "12345678"
217 +}}}
254 254  
255 -
256 256  = 3. Example 1: Communicate with LT-22222-L =
257 257  
258 258  Script can be download from: [[Example Script 1>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_Gateway/LPS8/Firmware/customized_script/&file=talk_to_lt-22222-l_v0.1.sh]]
259 259  
260 -(% class="box" %)
261 -(((
262 -#!/bin/sh
223 +{{{#!/bin/sh
263 263  # This scripts shows how to use LPS8/LG308/DLOS8 to communicate with two LoRaWAN End Nodes, without the use of internet or LoRaWAN server
264 264  #
265 -# Hardware Prepare:
266 -# 1. LT-22222-L x 2, both are configured to work in
267 -#   a) Class C ;
268 -# b) ABP Mode ;
226 +# Hardware Prepare:
227 +# 1. LT-22222-L x 2, both are configured to work in
228 +# a) Class C ;
229 +# b) ABP Mode ;
269 269  # c) AT+Mod=1
270 -# 2. LPS8,
271 -#   a) Firmware version >
272 -#   b) Input the LT-22222-L keys in LPS so LPS8 can talk with them.
273 -#   c) Lorawan server choose built-in
274 -#   d) in Custom page, select custom script to point to this script. (put this script in /etc/iot/scripts directory)
231 +# 2. LPS8,
232 +# a) Firmware version >
233 +# b) Input the LT-22222-L keys in LPS so LPS8 can talk with them.
234 +# c) Lorawan server choose built-in
235 +# d) in Custom page, select custom script to point to this script. (put this script in /etc/iot/scripts directory)
236 +#
237 +# How it works?
238 +# a) Devices 1 sends a uplink payload to LPS8. LPS8 will get the DI1 and DI2 info from the payload
239 +# b) LPS8 will send a message to Device 2 to set the Device2 DO1 = Device1 DI1, and Device DO2 = Device DI2.
240 +# c) Device2 will change DO1 and DO2 to according to the message from LPS8, and send back a message to LPS8 with the its DO1
241 +# and DO2 value. LPS8 will ask Device1 to change its DO1 to same as Device 2, and change the DO2 to the same as Device 2.
242 +# ( The purpose of this step is to show that the Device2 has already do the change there).
243 +#
244 +# For example: If current status of Device1 and Device2 leds shows:
245 +# Device1: DI1: ON, DI2: ON , DO1: OFF, DO2: OFF
246 +# Device2: DI1: OFF, DI2: OFF , DO1: OFF, DO2: OFF
275 275  #
276 -# How it works?
277 -#   a) Devices 1 sends a uplink payload to LPS8. LPS8 will get the DI1 and DI2 info from the payload
278 -#   b) LPS8 will send a message to Device 2 to set the Device2 DO1 = Device1 DI1, and Device DO2 = Device DI2.
279 -#   c) Device2 will change DO1 and DO2 to according to the message from LPS8, and send back a message to LPS8 with the its DO1
280 -#   and DO2 value. LPS8 will ask Device1 to change its DO1 to same as Device 2, and change the DO2 to the same as Device 2.
281 -#   ( The purpose of this step is to show that the Device2 has already do the change there).
282 -#
283 -#  For example: If current status of Device1 and Device2 leds shows:
284 -#  Device1: DI1: ON, DI2: ON , DO1: OFF,  DO2: OFF
285 -#  Device2: DI1: OFF, DI2: OFF , DO1: OFF,  DO2: OFF
286 -#
287 -#  Step2  will cause below change:
288 -#  Device1: DI1: ON, DI2: ON , DO1: OFF,  DO2: OFF
289 -#  Device2: DI1: OFF, DI2: OFF , DO1: ON,  DO2: ON
290 -# 
291 -#  Step3 will cause below change:
292 -#  Device1: DI1: ON, DI2: ON , DO1: ON,  DO2: ON
293 -#  Device2: DI1: OFF, DI2: OFF , DO1: ON,  DO2: ON
294 -#  So if a person is in the Device 1 location, he can check if the DO LED match DI LEDs on Device 1 to confirm
295 -#  whether the Device 2 has been changed.
296 -)))
248 +# Step2 will cause below change:
249 +# Device1: DI1: ON, DI2: ON , DO1: OFF, DO2: OFF
250 +# Device2: DI1: OFF, DI2: OFF , DO1: ON, DO2: ON
251 +#
252 +# Step3 will cause below change:
253 +# Device1: DI1: ON, DI2: ON , DO1: ON, DO2: ON
254 +# Device2: DI1: OFF, DI2: OFF , DO1: ON, DO2: ON
255 +# So if a person is in the Device 1 location, he can check if the DO LED match DI LEDs on Device 1 to confirm
256 +# whether the Device 2 has been changed.}}}
297 297  
298 298  ~1. Input keys
299 299  
300 -[[image:image-20220527162450-3.png]]
260 +[[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/images/thumb/b/bf/LPS8_LT-22222_1.png/600px-LPS8_LT-22222_1.png||height="335" width="600"]]
301 301  
302 302  Input Keys in LPS8
303 303  
304 -
305 305  2. Make sure the LPS8 and LT use the same frequency bands, choose EU868 in this test.
306 306  
307 307  3. Choose Built-in server
308 308  
309 -[[image:image-20220527162518-4.png]]
268 +[[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/images/thumb/d/d7/LPS8_LT-22222_2.png/600px-LPS8_LT-22222_2.png||height="264" width="600"]]
310 310  
311 311  Choose Built-in server
312 312  
313 -
314 314  4. Run the script.
315 315  
316 -[[image:image-20220527162552-5.png]]
274 +[[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/images/thumb/3/39/LPS8_LT-22222_3.png/600px-LPS8_LT-22222_3.png||height="389" width="600"]]
317 317  
318 318  Run the script
319 319  
320 -
321 321  5. Output:
322 322  
323 -[[image:image-20220527162619-6.png]]
280 +[[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/images/thumb/f/fe/LPS8_LT-22222_4.png/600px-LPS8_LT-22222_4.png||height="433" width="600"]]
324 324  
325 325  Output from LPS8
326 326  
... ... @@ -335,10 +335,11 @@
335 335  Full instruction video inlcude how to write scripts to fit server needed is here:
336 336  
337 337  
338 -(% class="mark" %)**Video Instruction**: [[https:~~/~~/youtu.be/-nevW6U2TsE>>url:https://youtu.be/-nevW6U2TsE]]
295 +Video Instruction: [[https:~~/~~/youtu.be/-nevW6U2TsE>>url:https://youtu.be/-nevW6U2TsE]]
339 339  
340 -(% class="mark" %)**Note: Firmware version must be higher than lgw-5.4.1607519907**
341 341  
298 +Note: Firmware version must be higher than lgw-5.4.1607519907
299 +
342 342  Assume we already set up ABP keys in the gateway:
343 343  
344 344  [[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/images/thumb/b/bf/LPS8_LT-22222_1.png/600px-LPS8_LT-22222_1.png||height="335" width="600"]]
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