Last modified by Xiaoling on 2023/04/20 18:14
<
From version < 3.5 >
edited by Xiaoling
on 2022/05/27 16:17
To version < 16.2 >
edited by Xiaoling
on 2022/07/22 11:41
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1 - **Contents:**
1 +**Table of Contents:**
2 2  
3 3  {{toc/}}
4 4  
5 5  
6 +
6 6  = 1. Introduction =
7 7  
9 +
8 8  The Dragino LoRaWAN gateway can commuicate with LoRaWAN ABP End Node without the need of LoRaWAN server. It can be used in some cases such as:
9 9  
10 10  * No internet connection.
11 -* User wants to get data forward in gateway and forward to their server base on MQTT/HTTP, etc. (Combine ABP communication method and [[MQTT forward together>>url:https://wiki.dragino.com/index.php/MQTT_Forward_Instruction]]).
13 +* User wants to get data forward in gateway and forward to their server base on MQTT/HTTP, etc. (Combine ABP communication method and [[MQTT forward together>>MQTT Forward Instruction]]).
12 12  
13 13  (((
14 14  The basic of this feature is the decoding of (% style="color:red" %)**LoRaWAN ABP End Node**(%%). Requirements:
... ... @@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
18 18  1. LoRaWAN Gateway model: [[LPS8>>url:http://www.dragino.com/products/lora-lorawan-gateway/item/148-lps8.html]], [[LG308>>url:http://www.dragino.com/products/lora-lorawan-gateway/item/140-lg308.html]], [[DLOS8>>url:http://www.dragino.com/products/lora-lorawan-gateway/item/160-dlos8.html]] ,[[LIG16>>url:http://www.dragino.com/products/lora-lorawan-gateway/item/171-lig16.html]]
19 19  1. Firmware version for below instruction:**[[(% style="color:purple" %)Since LG02_LG08~~-~~-build-v5.4.1593400722-20200629-1120>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_Gateway/LPS8/Firmware/Release/]](%%)**
20 20  
23 +
21 21  = 2. How it works =
22 22  
23 23  
... ... @@ -28,13 +28,15 @@
28 28  
29 29  (% class="box infomessage" %)
30 30  (((
31 -AT+NWKSKEY=72 32 63 95 dd 8f e2 b2 13 66 e4 35 93 8f 55 df
34 +**AT+NWKSKEY=72 32 63 95 dd 8f e2 b2 13 66 e4 35 93 8f 55 df
32 32  AT+APPSKEY=b3 17 f8 14 7a 43 27 8a 6a 31 c4 47 3d 55 5d 33
33 -AT+DADDR=2602111D
36 +AT+DADDR=2602111D**
34 34  )))
35 35  
36 36  (((
37 37  and we have the LG308 works and US915 band and support ABP decryption. User can input these keys in LG308 so the LG308 can communicate with LGT92.
41 +
42 +
38 38  )))
39 39  
40 40  We need to input above keys in LG308 and enable ABP decryption.
... ... @@ -46,6 +46,7 @@
46 46  
47 47  == 2.1 Upstream ==
48 48  
54 +
49 49  Now when this End Node (Dev Addr=2602111D) send a uplink packet. When this packet arrive LG308, LG308 will decode it and put the decode data on the file /var/iot/channels/2602111D . So we have this data for further process with other applications in LG308.
50 50  
51 51  (((
... ... @@ -54,7 +54,7 @@
54 54  
55 55  [[image:image-20220527161149-2.png]]
56 56  
57 -LG308 log by "logread -f" command
63 +LG308 log by "(% style="color:red" %)**logread -f**" (%%)command
58 58  
59 59  
60 60  The data of End Node is stored in the file /var/iot/channels/2602111D. We can use hexdump command to check it.
... ... @@ -67,14 +67,14 @@
67 67  000001c
68 68  )))
69 69  
70 -* RSSI: 4646 4646 4646 3946 = 0xFFFF FF9F : So RSSI = (0xFFFF FF9F - 0x100000000) = -97
71 -* SNR: 3030 3030 3030 3546 = 0x0000 005F = 95, need to divide 10 so SNR is 9.5
72 -* Payload: 0xcc0c 0b63 0266 017f ff7f ff00
76 +* **RSSI**: 4646 4646 4646 3946 = 0xFFFF FF9F : So RSSI = (0xFFFF FF9F - 0x100000000) = -97
77 +* **SNR**: 3030 3030 3030 3546 = 0x0000 005F = 95, need to divide 10 so SNR is 9.5
78 +* **Payload**: 0xcc0c 0b63 0266 017f ff7f ff00
73 73  
74 74  (% class="box" %)
75 75  (((
76 76  (% style="color:red" %)**Notice 1**(%%): The data file stored in LG308 for the end node is bin file. If the end node sends ASCII string to gateway, the output will as below:
77 -in LGT92, use **(% style="color:#037691" %)AT+SEND=12:hello world** (%%)to send ASCII string
83 +in LGT92, use (% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+SEND=12:hello world** (%%)to send ASCII string
78 78  root@dragino-1d25dc:~~# hexdump /var/iot/channels/2602111D
79 79  0000000 4646 4646 4646 3946 3030 3030 3030 3546
80 80  0000010 6865 6c6c 6f20 776f 726c 6400      ~-~-> Got ASCII code "hello world"    
... ... @@ -83,14 +83,15 @@
83 83  
84 84  (% class="box" %)
85 85  (((
86 -(% style="color:#037691" %)**Notice 2**(%%): The upstream payload length should match the LoRaWAN length requirement (max length depends on Frequency and DR), otherwise the gateway can't decode the payload.
92 +(% style="color:red" %)**Notice 2**(%%): The upstream payload length should match the LoRaWAN length requirement (max length depends on Frequency and DR), otherwise the gateway can't decode the payload.
87 87  )))
88 88  
89 89  
90 90  === 2.2.1 Decode Method ===
91 91  
92 -The decode methods: **(% style="color:#037691" %)ASCII String, Decode_LHT65**(%%) doesn't affect how the sensor data is stored, they are to define how should the sensor data to be sent.
93 93  
99 +The decode methods: (% style="color:#037691" %)**ASCII String, Decode_LHT65**(%%) doesn't affect how the sensor data is stored, they are to define how should the sensor data to be sent.
100 +
94 94  For example we have a LHT65 , works in ABP mode and gateway successful get the data, which are:
95 95  
96 96  (% class="box" %)
... ... @@ -101,6 +101,7 @@
101 101  000001c
102 102  )))
103 103  
111 +
104 104  If we choose ASCII decoder, the MQTT process will send out with mqtt-data:
105 105  
106 106  (% class="box" %)
... ... @@ -107,9 +107,10 @@
107 107  (((
108 108  Sun Sep 27 04:33:16 2020 user.notice root: [IoT.MQTT]:pub_topic[-t]: dragino-1baf44/01826108/data
109 109  Sun Sep 27 04:33:16 2020 user.notice root: [IoT.MQTT]:decoder: ASCII
110 -Sun Sep 27 04:33:16 2020 user.notice root: [IoT.MQTT]:mqtt_data[-m]: ffffffe700000048ccd17fff7fff017fff7fff00
118 +Sun Sep 27 04:33:16 2020 user.notice root: [IoT.MQTT]:mqtt_data[-m]: (% style="color:#037691" %)**ffffffe700000048ccd17fff7fff017fff7fff00**
111 111  )))
112 112  
121 +
113 113  If we choose Decode_LHT65, the MQTT process will send out with mqtt-data
114 114  
115 115  (% class="box" %)
... ... @@ -116,28 +116,34 @@
116 116  (((
117 117  Sun Sep 27 04:36:45 2020 user.notice root: [IoT.MQTT]:pub_topic[-t]: dragino-1baf44/01826108/data
118 118  Sun Sep 27 04:36:45 2020 user.notice root: [IoT.MQTT]:decoder: Dragino_LHT65
119 -Sun Sep 27 04:36:45 2020 user.notice root: [IoT.MQTT]:mqtt_data[-m]: {"Hum_SHT":32.7,"BatV":3.281,"TempC_DS":32.9,
120 -"EXT":"Temperature Sensor","RSSI":-24,"TempC_SHT":85.0,"SNR":8.2,"ext_sensor":0}
128 +Sun Sep 27 04:36:45 2020 user.notice root: [IoT.MQTT]:mqtt_data[-m]:** (% style="color:#037691" %){"Hum_SHT":32.7,"BatV":3.281,"TempC_DS":32.9,
129 +"EXT":"Temperature Sensor","RSSI":-24,"TempC_SHT":85.0,"SNR":8.2,"ext_sensor":0}(%%)**
121 121  )))
122 122  
123 123  Above scripts are store in /etc/lora/decoder/. User can put their scripts here and select it in the UI.
124 124  
125 125  
135 +
126 126  === 2.2.2 How to Decode My End Node ===
127 127  
128 -1/ Configure the ABP keys for your end node in the gateway. enable ABP decode in Web UI
129 129  
130 -2/ Don't choose MQTT service, use LoRaWAN.
139 +**1.** Configure the ABP keys for your end node in the gateway. enable ABP decode in Web UI
131 131  
132 -3/ When your end node send a message to the gateway, there will be a file store in /var/iot/channels. full path should be /var/iot/channels/END_NODE_DEV_ADDR
141 +**2. **Don't choose MQTT service, use LoRaWAN.
133 133  
134 -4/ Use the /etc/lora/decoder/Dragino_LHT65 as template to decode your payload. This script is written in Lua language. User can manually call this script when you see the data file in /var/iot/channels by running:
143 +**3.** When your end node send a message to the gateway, there will be a file store in /var/iot/channels. full path should be /var/iot/channels/END_NODE_DEV_ADDR
135 135  
145 +**4.** Use the /etc/lora/decoder/Dragino_LHT65 as template to decode your payload. This script is written in Lua language. User can manually call this script when you see the data file in /var/iot/channels by running:
146 +
136 136  {{{/etc/lora/decoder/Dragino_LHT65 END_NODE_DEV_ADDR
137 137  }}}
138 138  
139 -5/ What you see as output is the MQTT data device will upload, user's end node has different payload compare with LHT65, most properly this file will report with error. User need to modify to match the actual payload. Some notice:
150 +**5.** What you see as output is the MQTT data device will upload, user's end node has different payload compare with LHT65, most properly this file will report with error. User need to modify to match the actual payload.
140 140  
152 +
153 +(% style="color:red" %)
154 +**Some notice:**
155 +
141 141  * RSSI and SNR are added when gateway receive the packet, so there is always this field.
142 142  * If you rename the file, please make it executable.
143 143  * See this link for lua.bit module: [[http:~~/~~/luaforge.net/projects/bit/>>url:http://luaforge.net/projects/bit/]]
... ... @@ -145,42 +145,45 @@
145 145  * the last line return is what will be used for MQTT
146 146  * User can use other language ,not limited to Lua, just make sure the return is what you want to send.
147 147  
163 +
164 +
148 148  == 2.2 Downstream ==
149 149  
167 +
150 150  In LG308, we can create a file in the directory /var/iot/push for downstream purpose. We recommend using each command to generate this file. This file will be used for transmission and auto-deleted after used
151 151  
152 152  The file should use below format:
153 153  
154 -(% class="mark" %)**dev_addr,imme/time,txt/hex,payload**
172 +(% style="color:#037691" %)**dev_addr,imme/time,txt/hex,payload**
155 155  
156 156  Since fimware > Dragino-v2 lgw-5.4.1608518541 . Support more option
157 157  
158 -(% class="mark" %)**dev_addr,imme/time,txt/hex,payload,txpw,txbw,SF,frequency,rxwindow**
176 +(% style="color:#037691" %)**dev_addr,imme/time,txt/hex,payload,txpw,txbw,SF,frequency,rxwindow**
159 159  
160 -* dev_addr: Inptu the device address
161 -* imme/time:
178 +* **dev_addr:** Inptu the device address
179 +* **imme/time:**
162 162  ** imme: send downstream immediately,For Class C end node.
163 163  ** time: send downstream after receive device's uplink. For Class A end node
164 -* txt/hex:
182 +* **txt/hex:**
165 165  ** txt: send payload in ASCII
166 166  ** hex: send payload in HEX
167 -* payload: payload to be sent, payload lenght should match the LoRaWAN protocol requirement.
168 -* txpw: Transmit Power. example: 20
169 -* txbw: bandwidth:
185 +* **payload: **payload to be sent, payload lenght should match the LoRaWAN protocol requirement.
186 +* **txpw:** Transmit Power. example: 20
187 +* **txbw:** bandwidth:
170 170  ** 1: 500 kHz
171 171  ** 2: 250 kHz
172 172  ** 3: 125 kHz
173 173  ** 4: 62.5 kHz
174 -* SF: Spreading Factor : SF7/SF8/SF9/SF10/SF11/SF12
175 -* Frequency: Transmit Frequency: example: 923300000
176 -* rxwindow: transmit on Rx1Window or Rx2Window.
192 +* **SF:** Spreading Factor : SF7/SF8/SF9/SF10/SF11/SF12
193 +* **Frequency:** Transmit Frequency: example: 923300000
194 +* **rxwindow:** transmit on Rx1Window or Rx2Window.
177 177  
178 -Completely exmaple:
196 +(% style="color:blue" %)**Completely exmaple:**
179 179  
180 -* Old version: echo 018193F4,imme,hex,0101 > /var/iot/push/test
181 -* New version: echo 018193F4,imme,hex,0101,20,1,SF12,923300000,2 > /var/iot/push/test
198 +* **Old version:** echo 018193F4,imme,hex,0101 > /var/iot/push/test
199 +* **New version:** echo 018193F4,imme,hex,0101,20,1,SF12,923300000,2 > /var/iot/push/test
182 182  
183 -(% class="mark" %)**Downstream Frequency**
201 +(% style="color:#037691" %)**Downstream Frequency**
184 184  
185 185  The LG308 will use the RX2 window info to send the downstream payload, use the default LoRaWAN settings, as below:
186 186  
... ... @@ -193,7 +193,7 @@
193 193  * IN865: 866.55Mhz, SF10 BW125
194 194  * RU864: 869.1Mhz, SF12 BW125
195 195  
196 -(% class="mark" %)**Examples:**
214 +(% style="color:#037691" %)**Examples:**
197 197  
198 198  (% class="box" %)
199 199  (((
... ... @@ -203,7 +203,7 @@
203 203  
204 204  (% class="box" %)
205 205  (((
206 -1) From logread -f of gateway, we can see it has been added as pedning.
224 +**1)** From logread -f of gateway, we can see it has been added as pedning.
207 207  lora_pkt_fwd[4286]: INFO~~ [DNLK]Looking file : test
208 208  lora_pkt_fwd[4286]: INFO~~ [DNLK]devaddr:2602111D, txmode:time, pdfm:hex, size:4, payload1:4Vx,payload_hex:77C1BB90
209 209  lora_pkt_fwd[4286]: INFO~~ [DNLK] DNLINK PENDING!(1 elems).
... ... @@ -211,7 +211,7 @@
211 211  
212 212  (% class="box" %)
213 213  (((
214 -2) When there is an upstrea from end node, this downstream will be sent and shows:
232 +**2)** When there is an upstrea from end node, this downstream will be sent and shows:
215 215  lora_pkt_fwd[4286]: INFO: tx_start_delay=1497 (1497.000000) - (1497, bw_delay=0.000000, notch_delay=0.000000)
216 216  lora_pkt_fwd[4286]: [LGWSEND]lgw_send done: count_us=3537314420, freq=923300000, size=17
217 217  )))
... ... @@ -218,7 +218,7 @@
218 218  
219 219  (% class="box" %)
220 220  (((
221 -3) and the end node will got:
239 +**3)** and the end node will got:
222 222  [5764825]~*~*~*~** UpLinkCounter= 98 ~*~*~*~**
223 223  [5764827]TX on freq 905300000 Hz at DR 0
224 224  Update Interval: 60000 ms
... ... @@ -229,12 +229,12 @@
229 229  [5767501]rxDone
230 230  Rssi= -41
231 231  Receive data
232 -2:12345678    ~-~-> Hex
250 +(% style="color:#037691" %)**2:12345678**  (%%) ~-~-> Hex
233 233  )))
234 234  
235 235  (% class="box" %)
236 236  (((
237 -4) If we use the command "echo 2602111D,time,txt,12345678 > /var/iot/push/test" for downstream, the end node will got:
255 +**4) **If we use the command "echo 2602111D,time,txt,12345678 > /var/iot/push/test" for downstream, the end node will got:
238 238  [5955877]~*~*~*~** UpLinkCounter= 102 ~*~*~*~**
239 239  [5955879]TX on freq 904100000 Hz at DR 0
240 240  Update Interval: 60000 ms
... ... @@ -245,16 +245,18 @@
245 245  [5958595]rxDone
246 246  Rssi= -37
247 247  Receive data
248 -2:3132333435363738 ~-~-> ASCII string "12345678"
266 +(% style="color:#037691" %)**2:3132333435363738**(%%) ~-~-> ASCII string "12345678"
249 249  )))
250 250  
269 +
251 251  = 3. Example 1: Communicate with LT-22222-L =
252 252  
272 +
253 253  Script can be download from: [[Example Script 1>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_Gateway/LPS8/Firmware/customized_script/&file=talk_to_lt-22222-l_v0.1.sh]]
254 254  
255 255  (% class="box" %)
256 256  (((
257 -#!/bin/sh
277 +//#!/bin/sh
258 258  # This scripts shows how to use LPS8/LG308/DLOS8 to communicate with two LoRaWAN End Nodes, without the use of internet or LoRaWAN server
259 259  #
260 260  # Hardware Prepare:
... ... @@ -287,40 +287,44 @@
287 287  #  Device1: DI1: ON, DI2: ON , DO1: ON,  DO2: ON
288 288  #  Device2: DI1: OFF, DI2: OFF , DO1: ON,  DO2: ON
289 289  #  So if a person is in the Device 1 location, he can check if the DO LED match DI LEDs on Device 1 to confirm
290 -#  whether the Device 2 has been changed.
310 +#  whether the Device 2 has been changed.//
291 291  )))
292 292  
293 -~1. Input keys
313 +**~1. Input keys**
294 294  
295 -[[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/images/thumb/b/bf/LPS8_LT-22222_1.png/600px-LPS8_LT-22222_1.png||height="335" width="600"]]
315 +[[image:image-20220527162450-3.png]]
296 296  
297 297  Input Keys in LPS8
298 298  
299 -2. Make sure the LPS8 and LT use the same frequency bands, choose EU868 in this test.
300 300  
301 -3. Choose Built-in server
320 +**2. Make sure the LPS8 and LT use the same frequency bands, choose EU868 in this test.**
302 302  
303 -[[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/images/thumb/d/d7/LPS8_LT-22222_2.png/600px-LPS8_LT-22222_2.png||height="264" width="600"]]
322 +**3. Choose Built-in server**
304 304  
324 +[[image:image-20220527162518-4.png]]
325 +
305 305  Choose Built-in server
306 306  
307 -4. Run the script.
308 308  
309 -[[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/images/thumb/3/39/LPS8_LT-22222_3.png/600px-LPS8_LT-22222_3.png||height="389" width="600"]]
329 +**4. Run the script.**
310 310  
331 +[[image:image-20220527162552-5.png]]
332 +
311 311  Run the script
312 312  
313 -5. Output:
314 314  
315 -[[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/images/thumb/f/fe/LPS8_LT-22222_4.png/600px-LPS8_LT-22222_4.png||height="433" width="600"]]
336 +**5. Output:**
316 316  
338 +[[image:image-20220527162619-6.png]]
339 +
317 317  Output from LPS8
318 318  
319 319  
320 320  = 4. Example 2: Communicate to TCP Server =
321 321  
322 -[[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/images/thumb/7/75/LPS8_TCP_0.png/600px-LPS8_TCP_0.png||height="370" width="600"]]
323 323  
346 +[[image:image-20220527162648-7.png]]
347 +
324 324  Network Structure
325 325  
326 326  
... ... @@ -327,34 +327,42 @@
327 327  Full instruction video inlcude how to write scripts to fit server needed is here:
328 328  
329 329  
330 -(% class="mark" %)**Video Instruction**: [[https:~~/~~/youtu.be/-nevW6U2TsE>>url:https://youtu.be/-nevW6U2TsE]]
354 +(% style="color:#037691" %)**Video Instruction**(%%): **[[https:~~/~~/youtu.be/-nevW6U2TsE>>url:https://youtu.be/-nevW6U2TsE]]**
331 331  
332 -(% class="mark" %)**Note: Firmware version must be higher than lgw-5.4.1607519907**
333 333  
357 +(% style="color:red" %)**Note: Firmware version must be higher than lgw-5.4.1607519907**
358 +
359 +
334 334  Assume we already set up ABP keys in the gateway:
335 335  
336 -[[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/images/thumb/b/bf/LPS8_LT-22222_1.png/600px-LPS8_LT-22222_1.png||height="335" width="600"]]
362 +[[image:image-20220527162852-8.png]]
337 337  
338 338  Input Keys in LPS8
339 339  
340 -run socket tool in PC
341 341  
342 -[[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/images/thumb/4/4b/LPS8_TCP_2.png/600px-LPS8_TCP_2.png||height="212" width="600"]]
343 343  
368 +**run socket tool in PC**
369 +
370 +[[image:image-20220527163028-9.png]]
371 +
372 +
344 344  Socket tool
345 345  
346 346  
347 -Input Server address and port
348 348  
349 -[[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/images/thumb/c/c6/LPS8_TCP_3.png/600px-LPS8_TCP_3.png||height="306" width="600"]]
377 +**Input Server address and port**
350 350  
379 +[[image:image-20220527163106-10.png]]
380 +
351 351  Input Server address and port
352 352  
353 353  
354 -See value receive in socket tool. :
355 355  
356 -[[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/images/thumb/2/20/LPS8_TCP_4.png/600px-LPS8_TCP_4.png||height="219" width="600"]]
385 +**See value receive in socket tool:**
357 357  
387 +[[image:image-20220527163144-11.png]]
388 +
358 358  value receive in socket tool
359 359  
391 +
360 360  If user want to modify the TCP connection method. He can refer: [[https:~~/~~/github.com/dragino/dragino-packages/blob/lg02/haserl-ui/root/usr/bin/tcp_process.sh>>url:https://github.com/dragino/dragino-packages/blob/lg02/haserl-ui/root/usr/bin/tcp_process.sh]]. Same script is on /usr/bin of gateway.
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