Last modified by Xiaoling on 2023/04/20 18:14
<
From version < 3.1 >
edited by Xiaoling
on 2022/05/27 16:11
To version < 16.2 >
edited by Xiaoling
on 2022/07/22 11:41
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Summary

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1 - **Contents:**
1 +**Table of Contents:**
2 2  
3 3  {{toc/}}
4 4  
5 5  
6 +
6 6  = 1. Introduction =
7 7  
9 +
8 8  The Dragino LoRaWAN gateway can commuicate with LoRaWAN ABP End Node without the need of LoRaWAN server. It can be used in some cases such as:
9 9  
10 10  * No internet connection.
11 -* User wants to get data forward in gateway and forward to their server base on MQTT/HTTP, etc. (Combine ABP communication method and [[MQTT forward together>>url:https://wiki.dragino.com/index.php/MQTT_Forward_Instruction]]).
13 +* User wants to get data forward in gateway and forward to their server base on MQTT/HTTP, etc. (Combine ABP communication method and [[MQTT forward together>>MQTT Forward Instruction]]).
12 12  
13 13  (((
14 14  The basic of this feature is the decoding of (% style="color:red" %)**LoRaWAN ABP End Node**(%%). Requirements:
... ... @@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
18 18  1. LoRaWAN Gateway model: [[LPS8>>url:http://www.dragino.com/products/lora-lorawan-gateway/item/148-lps8.html]], [[LG308>>url:http://www.dragino.com/products/lora-lorawan-gateway/item/140-lg308.html]], [[DLOS8>>url:http://www.dragino.com/products/lora-lorawan-gateway/item/160-dlos8.html]] ,[[LIG16>>url:http://www.dragino.com/products/lora-lorawan-gateway/item/171-lig16.html]]
19 19  1. Firmware version for below instruction:**[[(% style="color:purple" %)Since LG02_LG08~~-~~-build-v5.4.1593400722-20200629-1120>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_Gateway/LPS8/Firmware/Release/]](%%)**
20 20  
23 +
21 21  = 2. How it works =
22 22  
23 23  
... ... @@ -28,18 +28,20 @@
28 28  
29 29  (% class="box infomessage" %)
30 30  (((
31 -AT+NWKSKEY=72 32 63 95 dd 8f e2 b2 13 66 e4 35 93 8f 55 df
34 +**AT+NWKSKEY=72 32 63 95 dd 8f e2 b2 13 66 e4 35 93 8f 55 df
32 32  AT+APPSKEY=b3 17 f8 14 7a 43 27 8a 6a 31 c4 47 3d 55 5d 33
33 -AT+DADDR=2602111D
36 +AT+DADDR=2602111D**
34 34  )))
35 35  
36 36  (((
37 37  and we have the LG308 works and US915 band and support ABP decryption. User can input these keys in LG308 so the LG308 can communicate with LGT92.
41 +
42 +
38 38  )))
39 39  
40 40  We need to input above keys in LG308 and enable ABP decryption.
41 41  
42 -[[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/images/thumb/5/55/LG308_MQTT_1.png/600px-LG308_MQTT_1.png||height="329" width="600"]]
47 +[[image:image-20220527161119-1.png]]
43 43  
44 44  Input the ABP keys in LG308
45 45  
... ... @@ -46,6 +46,7 @@
46 46  
47 47  == 2.1 Upstream ==
48 48  
54 +
49 49  Now when this End Node (Dev Addr=2602111D) send a uplink packet. When this packet arrive LG308, LG308 will decode it and put the decode data on the file /var/iot/channels/2602111D . So we have this data for further process with other applications in LG308.
50 50  
51 51  (((
... ... @@ -52,9 +52,9 @@
52 52  We can see the log of LG308 to know this packet arrive
53 53  )))
54 54  
55 -[[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/images/thumb/1/16/ABP_DECODE_2.png/600px-ABP_DECODE_2.png||height="205" width="600"]]
61 +[[image:image-20220527161149-2.png]]
56 56  
57 -LG308 log by "logread -f" command
63 +LG308 log by "(% style="color:red" %)**logread -f**" (%%)command
58 58  
59 59  
60 60  The data of End Node is stored in the file /var/iot/channels/2602111D. We can use hexdump command to check it.
... ... @@ -62,19 +62,19 @@
62 62  (% class="box" %)
63 63  (((
64 64  root@dragino-1d25dc:~~# hexdump /var/iot/channels/2602111D
65 -0000000 (% class="mark" %)**4646 4646 4646 3946 3030 3030 3030 3546**(%%)      ~-~-> Got RSSI and SNR    
66 -0000010 (% class="mark" %)**cc0c 0b63 0266 017f ff7f ff00 **(%%) ~-~-> Payload
71 +0000000 (% style="color:#037691" %)**4646 4646 4646 3946 3030 3030 3030 3546**(%%)      ~-~-> Got RSSI and SNR    
72 +0000010 (% style="color:#037691" %)**cc0c 0b63 0266 017f ff7f ff00 **(%%) ~-~-> Payload
67 67  000001c
68 68  )))
69 69  
70 -* RSSI: 4646 4646 4646 3946 = 0xFFFF FF9F : So RSSI = (0xFFFF FF9F - 0x100000000) = -97
71 -* SNR: 3030 3030 3030 3546 = 0x0000 005F = 95, need to divide 10 so SNR is 9.5
72 -* Payload: 0xcc0c 0b63 0266 017f ff7f ff00
76 +* **RSSI**: 4646 4646 4646 3946 = 0xFFFF FF9F : So RSSI = (0xFFFF FF9F - 0x100000000) = -97
77 +* **SNR**: 3030 3030 3030 3546 = 0x0000 005F = 95, need to divide 10 so SNR is 9.5
78 +* **Payload**: 0xcc0c 0b63 0266 017f ff7f ff00
73 73  
74 74  (% class="box" %)
75 75  (((
76 -(% class="mark" %)**Notice 1**(%%): The data file stored in LG308 for the end node is bin file. If the end node sends ASCII string to gateway, the output will as below:
77 -in LGT92, use **AT+SEND=12**:hello world to send ASCII string
82 +(% style="color:red" %)**Notice 1**(%%): The data file stored in LG308 for the end node is bin file. If the end node sends ASCII string to gateway, the output will as below:
83 +in LGT92, use (% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+SEND=12:hello world** (%%)to send ASCII string
78 78  root@dragino-1d25dc:~~# hexdump /var/iot/channels/2602111D
79 79  0000000 4646 4646 4646 3946 3030 3030 3030 3546
80 80  0000010 6865 6c6c 6f20 776f 726c 6400      ~-~-> Got ASCII code "hello world"    
... ... @@ -83,13 +83,15 @@
83 83  
84 84  (% class="box" %)
85 85  (((
86 -(% class="mark" %)**Notice 2**(%%): The upstream payload length should match the LoRaWAN length requirement (max length depends on Frequency and DR), otherwise the gateway can't decode the payload.
92 +(% style="color:red" %)**Notice 2**(%%): The upstream payload length should match the LoRaWAN length requirement (max length depends on Frequency and DR), otherwise the gateway can't decode the payload.
87 87  )))
88 88  
95 +
89 89  === 2.2.1 Decode Method ===
90 90  
91 -The decode methods: **ASCII String, Decode_LHT65** doesn't affect how the sensor data is stored, they are to define how should the sensor data to be sent.
92 92  
99 +The decode methods: (% style="color:#037691" %)**ASCII String, Decode_LHT65**(%%) doesn't affect how the sensor data is stored, they are to define how should the sensor data to be sent.
100 +
93 93  For example we have a LHT65 , works in ABP mode and gateway successful get the data, which are:
94 94  
95 95  (% class="box" %)
... ... @@ -100,6 +100,7 @@
100 100  000001c
101 101  )))
102 102  
111 +
103 103  If we choose ASCII decoder, the MQTT process will send out with mqtt-data:
104 104  
105 105  (% class="box" %)
... ... @@ -106,9 +106,10 @@
106 106  (((
107 107  Sun Sep 27 04:33:16 2020 user.notice root: [IoT.MQTT]:pub_topic[-t]: dragino-1baf44/01826108/data
108 108  Sun Sep 27 04:33:16 2020 user.notice root: [IoT.MQTT]:decoder: ASCII
109 -Sun Sep 27 04:33:16 2020 user.notice root: [IoT.MQTT]:mqtt_data[-m]: ffffffe700000048ccd17fff7fff017fff7fff00
118 +Sun Sep 27 04:33:16 2020 user.notice root: [IoT.MQTT]:mqtt_data[-m]: (% style="color:#037691" %)**ffffffe700000048ccd17fff7fff017fff7fff00**
110 110  )))
111 111  
121 +
112 112  If we choose Decode_LHT65, the MQTT process will send out with mqtt-data
113 113  
114 114  (% class="box" %)
... ... @@ -115,28 +115,34 @@
115 115  (((
116 116  Sun Sep 27 04:36:45 2020 user.notice root: [IoT.MQTT]:pub_topic[-t]: dragino-1baf44/01826108/data
117 117  Sun Sep 27 04:36:45 2020 user.notice root: [IoT.MQTT]:decoder: Dragino_LHT65
118 -Sun Sep 27 04:36:45 2020 user.notice root: [IoT.MQTT]:mqtt_data[-m]: {"Hum_SHT":32.7,"BatV":3.281,"TempC_DS":32.9,
119 -"EXT":"Temperature Sensor","RSSI":-24,"TempC_SHT":85.0,"SNR":8.2,"ext_sensor":0}
128 +Sun Sep 27 04:36:45 2020 user.notice root: [IoT.MQTT]:mqtt_data[-m]:** (% style="color:#037691" %){"Hum_SHT":32.7,"BatV":3.281,"TempC_DS":32.9,
129 +"EXT":"Temperature Sensor","RSSI":-24,"TempC_SHT":85.0,"SNR":8.2,"ext_sensor":0}(%%)**
120 120  )))
121 121  
122 122  Above scripts are store in /etc/lora/decoder/. User can put their scripts here and select it in the UI.
123 123  
124 124  
135 +
125 125  === 2.2.2 How to Decode My End Node ===
126 126  
127 -1/ Configure the ABP keys for your end node in the gateway. enable ABP decode in Web UI
128 128  
129 -2/ Don't choose MQTT service, use LoRaWAN.
139 +**1.** Configure the ABP keys for your end node in the gateway. enable ABP decode in Web UI
130 130  
131 -3/ When your end node send a message to the gateway, there will be a file store in /var/iot/channels. full path should be /var/iot/channels/END_NODE_DEV_ADDR
141 +**2. **Don't choose MQTT service, use LoRaWAN.
132 132  
133 -4/ Use the /etc/lora/decoder/Dragino_LHT65 as template to decode your payload. This script is written in Lua language. User can manually call this script when you see the data file in /var/iot/channels by running:
143 +**3.** When your end node send a message to the gateway, there will be a file store in /var/iot/channels. full path should be /var/iot/channels/END_NODE_DEV_ADDR
134 134  
145 +**4.** Use the /etc/lora/decoder/Dragino_LHT65 as template to decode your payload. This script is written in Lua language. User can manually call this script when you see the data file in /var/iot/channels by running:
146 +
135 135  {{{/etc/lora/decoder/Dragino_LHT65 END_NODE_DEV_ADDR
136 136  }}}
137 137  
138 -5/ What you see as output is the MQTT data device will upload, user's end node has different payload compare with LHT65, most properly this file will report with error. User need to modify to match the actual payload. Some notice:
150 +**5.** What you see as output is the MQTT data device will upload, user's end node has different payload compare with LHT65, most properly this file will report with error. User need to modify to match the actual payload.
139 139  
152 +
153 +(% style="color:red" %)
154 +**Some notice:**
155 +
140 140  * RSSI and SNR are added when gateway receive the packet, so there is always this field.
141 141  * If you rename the file, please make it executable.
142 142  * See this link for lua.bit module: [[http:~~/~~/luaforge.net/projects/bit/>>url:http://luaforge.net/projects/bit/]]
... ... @@ -144,42 +144,45 @@
144 144  * the last line return is what will be used for MQTT
145 145  * User can use other language ,not limited to Lua, just make sure the return is what you want to send.
146 146  
163 +
164 +
147 147  == 2.2 Downstream ==
148 148  
167 +
149 149  In LG308, we can create a file in the directory /var/iot/push for downstream purpose. We recommend using each command to generate this file. This file will be used for transmission and auto-deleted after used
150 150  
151 151  The file should use below format:
152 152  
153 -(% class="mark" %)**dev_addr,imme/time,txt/hex,payload**
172 +(% style="color:#037691" %)**dev_addr,imme/time,txt/hex,payload**
154 154  
155 155  Since fimware > Dragino-v2 lgw-5.4.1608518541 . Support more option
156 156  
157 -(% class="mark" %)**dev_addr,imme/time,txt/hex,payload,txpw,txbw,SF,frequency,rxwindow**
176 +(% style="color:#037691" %)**dev_addr,imme/time,txt/hex,payload,txpw,txbw,SF,frequency,rxwindow**
158 158  
159 -* dev_addr: Inptu the device address
160 -* imme/time:
178 +* **dev_addr:** Inptu the device address
179 +* **imme/time:**
161 161  ** imme: send downstream immediately,For Class C end node.
162 162  ** time: send downstream after receive device's uplink. For Class A end node
163 -* txt/hex:
182 +* **txt/hex:**
164 164  ** txt: send payload in ASCII
165 165  ** hex: send payload in HEX
166 -* payload: payload to be sent, payload lenght should match the LoRaWAN protocol requirement.
167 -* txpw: Transmit Power. example: 20
168 -* txbw: bandwidth:
185 +* **payload: **payload to be sent, payload lenght should match the LoRaWAN protocol requirement.
186 +* **txpw:** Transmit Power. example: 20
187 +* **txbw:** bandwidth:
169 169  ** 1: 500 kHz
170 170  ** 2: 250 kHz
171 171  ** 3: 125 kHz
172 172  ** 4: 62.5 kHz
173 -* SF: Spreading Factor : SF7/SF8/SF9/SF10/SF11/SF12
174 -* Frequency: Transmit Frequency: example: 923300000
175 -* rxwindow: transmit on Rx1Window or Rx2Window.
192 +* **SF:** Spreading Factor : SF7/SF8/SF9/SF10/SF11/SF12
193 +* **Frequency:** Transmit Frequency: example: 923300000
194 +* **rxwindow:** transmit on Rx1Window or Rx2Window.
176 176  
177 -Completely exmaple:
196 +(% style="color:blue" %)**Completely exmaple:**
178 178  
179 -* Old version: echo 018193F4,imme,hex,0101 > /var/iot/push/test
180 -* New version: echo 018193F4,imme,hex,0101,20,1,SF12,923300000,2 > /var/iot/push/test
198 +* **Old version:** echo 018193F4,imme,hex,0101 > /var/iot/push/test
199 +* **New version:** echo 018193F4,imme,hex,0101,20,1,SF12,923300000,2 > /var/iot/push/test
181 181  
182 -(% class="mark" %)**Downstream Frequency**
201 +(% style="color:#037691" %)**Downstream Frequency**
183 183  
184 184  The LG308 will use the RX2 window info to send the downstream payload, use the default LoRaWAN settings, as below:
185 185  
... ... @@ -192,7 +192,7 @@
192 192  * IN865: 866.55Mhz, SF10 BW125
193 193  * RU864: 869.1Mhz, SF12 BW125
194 194  
195 -(% class="mark" %)**Examples:**
214 +(% style="color:#037691" %)**Examples:**
196 196  
197 197  (% class="box" %)
198 198  (((
... ... @@ -202,7 +202,7 @@
202 202  
203 203  (% class="box" %)
204 204  (((
205 -1) From logread -f of gateway, we can see it has been added as pedning.
224 +**1)** From logread -f of gateway, we can see it has been added as pedning.
206 206  lora_pkt_fwd[4286]: INFO~~ [DNLK]Looking file : test
207 207  lora_pkt_fwd[4286]: INFO~~ [DNLK]devaddr:2602111D, txmode:time, pdfm:hex, size:4, payload1:4Vx,payload_hex:77C1BB90
208 208  lora_pkt_fwd[4286]: INFO~~ [DNLK] DNLINK PENDING!(1 elems).
... ... @@ -210,7 +210,7 @@
210 210  
211 211  (% class="box" %)
212 212  (((
213 -2) When there is an upstrea from end node, this downstream will be sent and shows:
232 +**2)** When there is an upstrea from end node, this downstream will be sent and shows:
214 214  lora_pkt_fwd[4286]: INFO: tx_start_delay=1497 (1497.000000) - (1497, bw_delay=0.000000, notch_delay=0.000000)
215 215  lora_pkt_fwd[4286]: [LGWSEND]lgw_send done: count_us=3537314420, freq=923300000, size=17
216 216  )))
... ... @@ -217,7 +217,7 @@
217 217  
218 218  (% class="box" %)
219 219  (((
220 -3) and the end node will got:
239 +**3)** and the end node will got:
221 221  [5764825]~*~*~*~** UpLinkCounter= 98 ~*~*~*~**
222 222  [5764827]TX on freq 905300000 Hz at DR 0
223 223  Update Interval: 60000 ms
... ... @@ -228,12 +228,12 @@
228 228  [5767501]rxDone
229 229  Rssi= -41
230 230  Receive data
231 -2:12345678    ~-~-> Hex
250 +(% style="color:#037691" %)**2:12345678**  (%%) ~-~-> Hex
232 232  )))
233 233  
234 234  (% class="box" %)
235 235  (((
236 -4) If we use the command "echo 2602111D,time,txt,12345678 > /var/iot/push/test" for downstream, the end node will got:
255 +**4) **If we use the command "echo 2602111D,time,txt,12345678 > /var/iot/push/test" for downstream, the end node will got:
237 237  [5955877]~*~*~*~** UpLinkCounter= 102 ~*~*~*~**
238 238  [5955879]TX on freq 904100000 Hz at DR 0
239 239  Update Interval: 60000 ms
... ... @@ -244,16 +244,18 @@
244 244  [5958595]rxDone
245 245  Rssi= -37
246 246  Receive data
247 -2:3132333435363738 ~-~-> ASCII string "12345678"
266 +(% style="color:#037691" %)**2:3132333435363738**(%%) ~-~-> ASCII string "12345678"
248 248  )))
249 249  
269 +
250 250  = 3. Example 1: Communicate with LT-22222-L =
251 251  
272 +
252 252  Script can be download from: [[Example Script 1>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_Gateway/LPS8/Firmware/customized_script/&file=talk_to_lt-22222-l_v0.1.sh]]
253 253  
254 254  (% class="box" %)
255 255  (((
256 -#!/bin/sh
277 +//#!/bin/sh
257 257  # This scripts shows how to use LPS8/LG308/DLOS8 to communicate with two LoRaWAN End Nodes, without the use of internet or LoRaWAN server
258 258  #
259 259  # Hardware Prepare:
... ... @@ -286,40 +286,44 @@
286 286  #  Device1: DI1: ON, DI2: ON , DO1: ON,  DO2: ON
287 287  #  Device2: DI1: OFF, DI2: OFF , DO1: ON,  DO2: ON
288 288  #  So if a person is in the Device 1 location, he can check if the DO LED match DI LEDs on Device 1 to confirm
289 -#  whether the Device 2 has been changed.
310 +#  whether the Device 2 has been changed.//
290 290  )))
291 291  
292 -~1. Input keys
313 +**~1. Input keys**
293 293  
294 -[[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/images/thumb/b/bf/LPS8_LT-22222_1.png/600px-LPS8_LT-22222_1.png||height="335" width="600"]]
315 +[[image:image-20220527162450-3.png]]
295 295  
296 296  Input Keys in LPS8
297 297  
298 -2. Make sure the LPS8 and LT use the same frequency bands, choose EU868 in this test.
299 299  
300 -3. Choose Built-in server
320 +**2. Make sure the LPS8 and LT use the same frequency bands, choose EU868 in this test.**
301 301  
302 -[[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/images/thumb/d/d7/LPS8_LT-22222_2.png/600px-LPS8_LT-22222_2.png||height="264" width="600"]]
322 +**3. Choose Built-in server**
303 303  
324 +[[image:image-20220527162518-4.png]]
325 +
304 304  Choose Built-in server
305 305  
306 -4. Run the script.
307 307  
308 -[[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/images/thumb/3/39/LPS8_LT-22222_3.png/600px-LPS8_LT-22222_3.png||height="389" width="600"]]
329 +**4. Run the script.**
309 309  
331 +[[image:image-20220527162552-5.png]]
332 +
310 310  Run the script
311 311  
312 -5. Output:
313 313  
314 -[[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/images/thumb/f/fe/LPS8_LT-22222_4.png/600px-LPS8_LT-22222_4.png||height="433" width="600"]]
336 +**5. Output:**
315 315  
338 +[[image:image-20220527162619-6.png]]
339 +
316 316  Output from LPS8
317 317  
318 318  
319 319  = 4. Example 2: Communicate to TCP Server =
320 320  
321 -[[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/images/thumb/7/75/LPS8_TCP_0.png/600px-LPS8_TCP_0.png||height="370" width="600"]]
322 322  
346 +[[image:image-20220527162648-7.png]]
347 +
323 323  Network Structure
324 324  
325 325  
... ... @@ -326,34 +326,42 @@
326 326  Full instruction video inlcude how to write scripts to fit server needed is here:
327 327  
328 328  
329 -(% class="mark" %)**Video Instruction**: [[https:~~/~~/youtu.be/-nevW6U2TsE>>url:https://youtu.be/-nevW6U2TsE]]
354 +(% style="color:#037691" %)**Video Instruction**(%%): **[[https:~~/~~/youtu.be/-nevW6U2TsE>>url:https://youtu.be/-nevW6U2TsE]]**
330 330  
331 -(% class="mark" %)**Note: Firmware version must be higher than lgw-5.4.1607519907**
332 332  
357 +(% style="color:red" %)**Note: Firmware version must be higher than lgw-5.4.1607519907**
358 +
359 +
333 333  Assume we already set up ABP keys in the gateway:
334 334  
335 -[[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/images/thumb/b/bf/LPS8_LT-22222_1.png/600px-LPS8_LT-22222_1.png||height="335" width="600"]]
362 +[[image:image-20220527162852-8.png]]
336 336  
337 337  Input Keys in LPS8
338 338  
339 -run socket tool in PC
340 340  
341 -[[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/images/thumb/4/4b/LPS8_TCP_2.png/600px-LPS8_TCP_2.png||height="212" width="600"]]
342 342  
368 +**run socket tool in PC**
369 +
370 +[[image:image-20220527163028-9.png]]
371 +
372 +
343 343  Socket tool
344 344  
345 345  
346 -Input Server address and port
347 347  
348 -[[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/images/thumb/c/c6/LPS8_TCP_3.png/600px-LPS8_TCP_3.png||height="306" width="600"]]
377 +**Input Server address and port**
349 349  
379 +[[image:image-20220527163106-10.png]]
380 +
350 350  Input Server address and port
351 351  
352 352  
353 -See value receive in socket tool. :
354 354  
355 -[[image:https://wiki.dragino.com/images/thumb/2/20/LPS8_TCP_4.png/600px-LPS8_TCP_4.png||height="219" width="600"]]
385 +**See value receive in socket tool:**
356 356  
387 +[[image:image-20220527163144-11.png]]
388 +
357 357  value receive in socket tool
358 358  
391 +
359 359  If user want to modify the TCP connection method. He can refer: [[https:~~/~~/github.com/dragino/dragino-packages/blob/lg02/haserl-ui/root/usr/bin/tcp_process.sh>>url:https://github.com/dragino/dragino-packages/blob/lg02/haserl-ui/root/usr/bin/tcp_process.sh]]. Same script is on /usr/bin of gateway.
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