Last modified by Xiaoling on 2023/04/20 18:14
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From version < 14.7 >
edited by Xiaoling
on 2022/06/01 11:14
To version < 21.4 >
edited by Xiaoling
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1 - **Contents:**
1 +**Table of Contents:**
2 2  
3 3  {{toc/}}
4 4  
5 5  
6 +
6 6  = 1. Introduction =
7 7  
9 +
8 8  The Dragino LoRaWAN gateway can commuicate with LoRaWAN ABP End Node without the need of LoRaWAN server. It can be used in some cases such as:
9 9  
10 10  * No internet connection.
13 +
11 11  * User wants to get data forward in gateway and forward to their server base on MQTT/HTTP, etc. (Combine ABP communication method and [[MQTT forward together>>MQTT Forward Instruction]]).
12 12  
13 13  (((
... ... @@ -14,12 +14,14 @@
14 14  The basic of this feature is the decoding of (% style="color:red" %)**LoRaWAN ABP End Node**(%%). Requirements:
15 15  )))
16 16  
17 -1. LoRaWAN End Node in ABP mode. Make sure your end node works in this mode. End node most are default set to OTAA mode
18 -1. LoRaWAN Gateway model: [[LPS8>>url:http://www.dragino.com/products/lora-lorawan-gateway/item/148-lps8.html]], [[LG308>>url:http://www.dragino.com/products/lora-lorawan-gateway/item/140-lg308.html]], [[DLOS8>>url:http://www.dragino.com/products/lora-lorawan-gateway/item/160-dlos8.html]] ,[[LIG16>>url:http://www.dragino.com/products/lora-lorawan-gateway/item/171-lig16.html]]
19 -1. Firmware version for below instruction:**[[(% style="color:purple" %)Since LG02_LG08~~-~~-build-v5.4.1593400722-20200629-1120>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_Gateway/LPS8/Firmware/Release/]](%%)**
20 +* LoRaWAN End Node in ABP mode. Make sure your end node works in this mode. End node most are default set to OTAA mode
20 20  
22 +* LoRaWAN Gateway model: [[LPS8>>url:http://www.dragino.com/products/lora-lorawan-gateway/item/148-lps8.html]], [[LG308>>url:http://www.dragino.com/products/lora-lorawan-gateway/item/140-lg308.html]], [[DLOS8>>url:http://www.dragino.com/products/lora-lorawan-gateway/item/160-dlos8.html]] ,[[LIG16>>url:http://www.dragino.com/products/lora-lorawan-gateway/item/171-lig16.html]]
21 21  
24 +* Firmware version for below instruction:  **[[(% style="color:purple" %)Since LG02_LG08~~-~~-build-v5.4.1593400722-20200629-1120>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_Gateway/LPS8/Firmware/Release/]](%%)**
22 22  
26 +
27 +
23 23  = 2. How it works =
24 24  
25 25  
... ... @@ -30,35 +30,44 @@
30 30  
31 31  (% class="box infomessage" %)
32 32  (((
33 -AT+NWKSKEY=72 32 63 95 dd 8f e2 b2 13 66 e4 35 93 8f 55 df
38 +**AT+NWKSKEY=72 32 63 95 dd 8f e2 b2 13 66 e4 35 93 8f 55 df
34 34  AT+APPSKEY=b3 17 f8 14 7a 43 27 8a 6a 31 c4 47 3d 55 5d 33
35 -AT+DADDR=2602111D
40 +AT+DADDR=2602111D**
36 36  )))
37 37  
38 38  (((
39 39  and we have the LG308 works and US915 band and support ABP decryption. User can input these keys in LG308 so the LG308 can communicate with LGT92.
45 +
46 +
40 40  )))
41 41  
42 42  We need to input above keys in LG308 and enable ABP decryption.
43 43  
51 +
44 44  [[image:image-20220527161119-1.png]]
45 45  
54 +
46 46  Input the ABP keys in LG308
47 47  
48 48  
49 49  == 2.1 Upstream ==
50 50  
60 +
51 51  Now when this End Node (Dev Addr=2602111D) send a uplink packet. When this packet arrive LG308, LG308 will decode it and put the decode data on the file /var/iot/channels/2602111D . So we have this data for further process with other applications in LG308.
52 52  
53 53  (((
54 -We can see the log of LG308 to know this packet arrive
64 +We can see the log of LG308 to know this packet arrive.
65 +
66 +
55 55  )))
56 56  
57 57  [[image:image-20220527161149-2.png]]
58 58  
59 -LG308 log by "logread -f" command
60 60  
72 +LG308 log by "(% style="color:red" %)**logread -f**" (%%)command
61 61  
74 +
75 +
62 62  The data of End Node is stored in the file /var/iot/channels/2602111D. We can use hexdump command to check it.
63 63  
64 64  (% class="box" %)
... ... @@ -69,10 +69,12 @@
69 69  000001c
70 70  )))
71 71  
72 -* RSSI: 4646 4646 4646 3946 = 0xFFFF FF9F : So RSSI = (0xFFFF FF9F - 0x100000000) = -97
73 -* SNR: 3030 3030 3030 3546 = 0x0000 005F = 95, need to divide 10 so SNR is 9.5
74 -* Payload: 0xcc0c 0b63 0266 017f ff7f ff00
86 +* **RSSI**: 4646 4646 4646 3946 = 0xFFFF FF9F : So RSSI = (0xFFFF FF9F - 0x100000000) = -97
75 75  
88 +* **SNR**: 3030 3030 3030 3546 = 0x0000 005F = 95, need to divide 10 so SNR is 9.5
89 +
90 +* **Payload**: 0xcc0c 0b63 0266 017f ff7f ff00
91 +
76 76  (% class="box" %)
77 77  (((
78 78  (% style="color:red" %)**Notice 1**(%%): The data file stored in LG308 for the end node is bin file. If the end node sends ASCII string to gateway, the output will as below:
... ... @@ -83,14 +83,16 @@
83 83  000001c
84 84  )))
85 85  
102 +
86 86  (% class="box" %)
87 87  (((
88 -(% style="color:#037691" %)**Notice 2**(%%): The upstream payload length should match the LoRaWAN length requirement (max length depends on Frequency and DR), otherwise the gateway can't decode the payload.
105 +(% style="color:red" %)**Notice 2**(%%): The upstream payload length should match the LoRaWAN length requirement (max length depends on Frequency and DR), otherwise the gateway can't decode the payload.
89 89  )))
90 90  
91 91  
92 92  === 2.2.1 Decode Method ===
93 93  
111 +
94 94  The decode methods: (% style="color:#037691" %)**ASCII String, Decode_LHT65**(%%) doesn't affect how the sensor data is stored, they are to define how should the sensor data to be sent.
95 95  
96 96  For example we have a LHT65 , works in ABP mode and gateway successful get the data, which are:
... ... @@ -103,6 +103,7 @@
103 103  000001c
104 104  )))
105 105  
124 +
106 106  If we choose ASCII decoder, the MQTT process will send out with mqtt-data:
107 107  
108 108  (% class="box" %)
... ... @@ -112,6 +112,7 @@
112 112  Sun Sep 27 04:33:16 2020 user.notice root: [IoT.MQTT]:mqtt_data[-m]: (% style="color:#037691" %)**ffffffe700000048ccd17fff7fff017fff7fff00**
113 113  )))
114 114  
134 +
115 115  If we choose Decode_LHT65, the MQTT process will send out with mqtt-data
116 116  
117 117  (% class="box" %)
... ... @@ -127,29 +127,41 @@
127 127  
128 128  === 2.2.2 How to Decode My End Node ===
129 129  
130 -1/ Configure the ABP keys for your end node in the gateway. enable ABP decode in Web UI
131 131  
132 -2/ Don't choose MQTT service, use LoRaWAN.
151 +**1.** Configure the ABP keys for your end node in the gateway. enable ABP decode in Web UI
133 133  
134 -3/ When your end node send a message to the gateway, there will be a file store in /var/iot/channels. full path should be /var/iot/channels/END_NODE_DEV_ADDR
153 +**2. **Don't choose MQTT service, use LoRaWAN.
135 135  
136 -4/ Use the /etc/lora/decoder/Dragino_LHT65 as template to decode your payload. This script is written in Lua language. User can manually call this script when you see the data file in /var/iot/channels by running:
155 +**3.** When your end node send a message to the gateway, there will be a file store in /var/iot/channels. full path should be /var/iot/channels/END_NODE_DEV_ADDR
137 137  
157 +**4.** Use the /etc/lora/decoder/Dragino_LHT65 as template to decode your payload. This script is written in Lua language. User can manually call this script when you see the data file in /var/iot/channels by running:
158 +
138 138  {{{/etc/lora/decoder/Dragino_LHT65 END_NODE_DEV_ADDR
139 139  }}}
140 140  
141 -5/ What you see as output is the MQTT data device will upload, user's end node has different payload compare with LHT65, most properly this file will report with error. User need to modify to match the actual payload. Some notice:
162 +**5.** What you see as output is the MQTT data device will upload, user's end node has different payload compare with LHT65, most properly this file will report with error. User need to modify to match the actual payload.
142 142  
164 +
165 +(% style="color:red" %)
166 +**Some notice:**
167 +
143 143  * RSSI and SNR are added when gateway receive the packet, so there is always this field.
169 +
144 144  * If you rename the file, please make it executable.
171 +
145 145  * See this link for lua.bit module: [[http:~~/~~/luaforge.net/projects/bit/>>url:http://luaforge.net/projects/bit/]]
173 +
146 146  * Lua json module: [[http:~~/~~/json.luaforge.net/>>url:http://json.luaforge.net/]]
175 +
147 147  * the last line return is what will be used for MQTT
177 +
148 148  * User can use other language ,not limited to Lua, just make sure the return is what you want to send.
149 149  
150 150  
181 +
151 151  == 2.2 Downstream ==
152 152  
184 +
153 153  In LG308, we can create a file in the directory /var/iot/push for downstream purpose. We recommend using each command to generate this file. This file will be used for transmission and auto-deleted after used
154 154  
155 155  The file should use below format:
... ... @@ -156,48 +156,68 @@
156 156  
157 157  (% style="color:#037691" %)**dev_addr,imme/time,txt/hex,payload**
158 158  
159 -Since fimware > Dragino-v2 lgw-5.4.1608518541 . Support more option
160 160  
161 -(% style="color:#037691" %)**dev_addr,imme/time,txt/hex,payload,txpw,txbw,SF,frequency,rxwindow**
192 +Since fimware > [[Dragino lgw~~-~~-build-v5.4.1668567157>>https://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_Gateway/LG308-LG301/Firmware/Release/]] . Support more option
162 162  
163 -* dev_addr: Inptu the device address
164 -* imme/time:
194 +(% style="color:#037691" %)**dev_addr,imme/time,txt/hex,payload,txpw,txbw,SF,frequency,rxwindow,Fport**
195 +
196 +* **dev_addr:** Inptu the device address
197 +
198 +* **imme/time:**
165 165  ** imme: send downstream immediately,For Class C end node.
166 166  ** time: send downstream after receive device's uplink. For Class A end node
167 -* txt/hex:
201 +
202 +* **txt/hex:**
168 168  ** txt: send payload in ASCII
169 169  ** hex: send payload in HEX
170 -* payload: payload to be sent, payload lenght should match the LoRaWAN protocol requirement.
171 -* txpw: Transmit Power. example: 20
172 -* txbw: bandwidth:
205 +
206 +* **payload: **payload to be sent, payload lenght should match the LoRaWAN protocol requirement.
207 +
208 +* **txpw:** Transmit Power. example: 20
209 +
210 +* **txbw:** bandwidth:
173 173  ** 1: 500 kHz
174 174  ** 2: 250 kHz
175 175  ** 3: 125 kHz
176 176  ** 4: 62.5 kHz
177 -* SF: Spreading Factor : SF7/SF8/SF9/SF10/SF11/SF12
178 -* Frequency: Transmit Frequency: example: 923300000
179 -* rxwindow: transmit on Rx1Window or Rx2Window.
215 +* **SF:** Spreading Factor : SF7/SF8/SF9/SF10/SF11/SF12
180 180  
181 -Completely exmaple:
217 +* **Frequency:** Transmit Frequency: example: 923300000
182 182  
183 -* Old version: echo 018193F4,imme,hex,0101 > /var/iot/push/test
184 -* New version: echo 018193F4,imme,hex,0101,20,1,SF12,923300000,2 > /var/iot/push/test
219 +* **rxwindow:** transmit on Rx1Window or Rx2Window.
185 185  
221 +* **Fport: **Transmit port,example:8
186 186  
187 -(% style="color:#037691" %)**Downstream Frequency**
188 188  
224 +(% style="color:blue" %)**Completely exmaple:**
225 +
226 +* **Old version:** echo 018193F4,imme,hex,0101 > /var/iot/push/test
227 +
228 +* **New version:** echo 018193F4,imme,hex,0101,20,1,SF12,923300000,2,8 > /var/iot/push/test
229 +
230 +
231 +Downstream(% style="color:#037691" %)** Frequency:**
232 +
189 189  The LG308 will use the RX2 window info to send the downstream payload, use the default LoRaWAN settings, as below:
190 190  
191 191  * EU868: 869.525Mhz, DR0(SF12BW125)
236 +
192 192  * US915: 923.3Mhz, SF12 BW500
238 +
193 193  * CN470: 505.3Mhz, SF12 BW125
240 +
194 194  * AU915: 923.3Mhz, SF12 BW500
242 +
195 195  * AS923: 923.2Mhz, SF10 BW125
244 +
196 196  * KR920: 921.9Mhz, SF12 BW125
246 +
197 197  * IN865: 866.55Mhz, SF10 BW125
248 +
198 198  * RU864: 869.1Mhz, SF12 BW125
199 199  
200 200  
252 +
201 201  (% style="color:#037691" %)**Examples:**
202 202  
203 203  (% class="box" %)
... ... @@ -204,26 +204,20 @@
204 204  (((
205 205  we can use echo command to create files in LG308 for downstream.
206 206  root@dragino-1d25dc:~~# echo 2602111D,time,hex,12345678 > /var/iot/push/test
207 -)))
208 208  
209 -(% class="box" %)
210 -(((
211 -1) From logread -f of gateway, we can see it has been added as pedning.
260 +
261 +**1)** From logread -f of gateway, we can see it has been added as pedning.
212 212  lora_pkt_fwd[4286]: INFO~~ [DNLK]Looking file : test
213 213  lora_pkt_fwd[4286]: INFO~~ [DNLK]devaddr:2602111D, txmode:time, pdfm:hex, size:4, payload1:4Vx,payload_hex:77C1BB90
214 214  lora_pkt_fwd[4286]: INFO~~ [DNLK] DNLINK PENDING!(1 elems).
215 -)))
216 216  
217 -(% class="box" %)
218 -(((
219 -2) When there is an upstrea from end node, this downstream will be sent and shows:
266 +
267 +**2)** When there is an upstrea from end node, this downstream will be sent and shows:
220 220  lora_pkt_fwd[4286]: INFO: tx_start_delay=1497 (1497.000000) - (1497, bw_delay=0.000000, notch_delay=0.000000)
221 221  lora_pkt_fwd[4286]: [LGWSEND]lgw_send done: count_us=3537314420, freq=923300000, size=17
222 -)))
223 223  
224 -(% class="box" %)
225 -(((
226 -3) and the end node will got:
271 +
272 +**3)** and the end node will got:
227 227  [5764825]~*~*~*~** UpLinkCounter= 98 ~*~*~*~**
228 228  [5764827]TX on freq 905300000 Hz at DR 0
229 229  Update Interval: 60000 ms
... ... @@ -235,11 +235,9 @@
235 235  Rssi= -41
236 236  Receive data
237 237  (% style="color:#037691" %)**2:12345678**  (%%) ~-~-> Hex
238 -)))
239 239  
240 -(% class="box" %)
241 -(((
242 -4) If we use the command "echo 2602111D,time,txt,12345678 > /var/iot/push/test" for downstream, the end node will got:
285 +
286 +**4) **If we use the command "echo 2602111D,time,txt,12345678 > /var/iot/push/test" for downstream, the end node will got:
243 243  [5955877]~*~*~*~** UpLinkCounter= 102 ~*~*~*~**
244 244  [5955879]TX on freq 904100000 Hz at DR 0
245 245  Update Interval: 60000 ms
... ... @@ -256,11 +256,12 @@
256 256  
257 257  = 3. Example 1: Communicate with LT-22222-L =
258 258  
303 +
259 259  Script can be download from: [[Example Script 1>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_Gateway/LPS8/Firmware/customized_script/&file=talk_to_lt-22222-l_v0.1.sh]]
260 260  
261 261  (% class="box" %)
262 262  (((
263 -#!/bin/sh
308 +//#!/bin/sh
264 264  # This scripts shows how to use LPS8/LG308/DLOS8 to communicate with two LoRaWAN End Nodes, without the use of internet or LoRaWAN server
265 265  #
266 266  # Hardware Prepare:
... ... @@ -293,41 +293,51 @@
293 293  #  Device1: DI1: ON, DI2: ON , DO1: ON,  DO2: ON
294 294  #  Device2: DI1: OFF, DI2: OFF , DO1: ON,  DO2: ON
295 295  #  So if a person is in the Device 1 location, he can check if the DO LED match DI LEDs on Device 1 to confirm
296 -#  whether the Device 2 has been changed.
341 +#  whether the Device 2 has been changed.//
297 297  )))
298 298  
299 -~1. Input keys
300 300  
345 +(% style="color:blue" %)**1. Input keys**
346 +
347 +
301 301  [[image:image-20220527162450-3.png]]
302 302  
303 303  Input Keys in LPS8
304 304  
305 305  
306 -2. Make sure the LPS8 and LT use the same frequency bands, choose EU868 in this test.
307 307  
308 -3. Choose Built-in server
354 +(% style="color:blue" %)**2. Make sure the LPS8 and LT use the same frequency bands, choose EU868 in this test.**
309 309  
356 +
357 +(% style="color:blue" %)**3. Choose Built-in server**
358 +
359 +
310 310  [[image:image-20220527162518-4.png]]
311 311  
312 312  Choose Built-in server
313 313  
314 314  
315 -4. Run the script.
316 316  
317 -[[image:image-20220527162552-5.png]]
366 +(% style="color:blue" %)**4. Run the script.**
318 318  
368 +
369 +[[image:image-20220722115213-2.png]]
370 +
319 319  Run the script
320 320  
321 321  
322 -5. Output:
323 323  
324 -[[image:image-20220527162619-6.png]]
375 +(% style="color:blue" %)**5. Output:**
325 325  
377 +
378 +[[image:image-20220722115133-1.png]]
379 +
326 326  Output from LPS8
327 327  
328 328  
329 329  = 4. Example 2: Communicate to TCP Server =
330 330  
385 +
331 331  [[image:image-20220527162648-7.png]]
332 332  
333 333  Network Structure
... ... @@ -335,12 +335,13 @@
335 335  
336 336  Full instruction video inlcude how to write scripts to fit server needed is here:
337 337  
338 -
339 339  (% style="color:#037691" %)**Video Instruction**(%%): **[[https:~~/~~/youtu.be/-nevW6U2TsE>>url:https://youtu.be/-nevW6U2TsE]]**
340 340  
395 +(% style="display:none" %) (%%)
341 341  
342 342  (% style="color:red" %)**Note: Firmware version must be higher than lgw-5.4.1607519907**
343 343  
399 +
344 344  Assume we already set up ABP keys in the gateway:
345 345  
346 346  [[image:image-20220527162852-8.png]]
... ... @@ -348,8 +348,10 @@
348 348  Input Keys in LPS8
349 349  
350 350  
351 -run socket tool in PC
352 352  
408 +(% style="color:blue" %)**run socket tool in PC**
409 +
410 +
353 353  [[image:image-20220527163028-9.png]]
354 354  
355 355  
... ... @@ -356,17 +356,22 @@
356 356  Socket tool
357 357  
358 358  
359 -Input Server address and port
360 360  
418 +(% style="color:blue" %)**Input Server address and port**
419 +
420 +
361 361  [[image:image-20220527163106-10.png]]
362 362  
363 363  Input Server address and port
364 364  
365 365  
366 -See value receive in socket tool. :
367 367  
368 -[[image:image-20220527163144-11.png]]
427 +(% style="color:blue" %)**See value receive in socket tool:**
369 369  
429 +
430 +[[image:image-20220527163144-11.png||height="502" width="1371"]]
431 +
370 370  value receive in socket tool
371 371  
434 +
372 372  If user want to modify the TCP connection method. He can refer: [[https:~~/~~/github.com/dragino/dragino-packages/blob/lg02/haserl-ui/root/usr/bin/tcp_process.sh>>url:https://github.com/dragino/dragino-packages/blob/lg02/haserl-ui/root/usr/bin/tcp_process.sh]]. Same script is on /usr/bin of gateway.
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