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1 - **Contents:**
1 +**Table of Contents:**
2 2  
3 3  {{toc/}}
4 4  
5 5  
6 +
6 6  = 1. Introduction =
7 7  
9 +
8 8  The Dragino LoRaWAN gateway can commuicate with LoRaWAN ABP End Node without the need of LoRaWAN server. It can be used in some cases such as:
9 9  
10 10  * No internet connection.
11 -* User wants to get data forward in gateway and forward to their server base on MQTT/HTTP, etc. (Combine ABP communication method and [[MQTT forward together>>url:https://wiki.dragino.com/index.php/MQTT_Forward_Instruction]]).
13 +* User wants to get data forward in gateway and forward to their server base on MQTT/HTTP, etc. (Combine ABP communication method and [[MQTT forward together>>MQTT Forward Instruction]]).
12 12  
13 13  (((
14 14  The basic of this feature is the decoding of (% style="color:red" %)**LoRaWAN ABP End Node**(%%). Requirements:
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18 18  1. LoRaWAN Gateway model: [[LPS8>>url:http://www.dragino.com/products/lora-lorawan-gateway/item/148-lps8.html]], [[LG308>>url:http://www.dragino.com/products/lora-lorawan-gateway/item/140-lg308.html]], [[DLOS8>>url:http://www.dragino.com/products/lora-lorawan-gateway/item/160-dlos8.html]] ,[[LIG16>>url:http://www.dragino.com/products/lora-lorawan-gateway/item/171-lig16.html]]
19 19  1. Firmware version for below instruction:**[[(% style="color:purple" %)Since LG02_LG08~~-~~-build-v5.4.1593400722-20200629-1120>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_Gateway/LPS8/Firmware/Release/]](%%)**
20 20  
23 +
24 +
25 +
21 21  = 2. How it works =
22 22  
23 23  
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28 28  
29 29  (% class="box infomessage" %)
30 30  (((
31 -AT+NWKSKEY=72 32 63 95 dd 8f e2 b2 13 66 e4 35 93 8f 55 df
36 +**AT+NWKSKEY=72 32 63 95 dd 8f e2 b2 13 66 e4 35 93 8f 55 df
32 32  AT+APPSKEY=b3 17 f8 14 7a 43 27 8a 6a 31 c4 47 3d 55 5d 33
33 -AT+DADDR=2602111D
38 +AT+DADDR=2602111D**
34 34  )))
35 35  
36 36  (((
37 37  and we have the LG308 works and US915 band and support ABP decryption. User can input these keys in LG308 so the LG308 can communicate with LGT92.
43 +
44 +
38 38  )))
39 39  
40 40  We need to input above keys in LG308 and enable ABP decryption.
... ... @@ -44,8 +44,10 @@
44 44  Input the ABP keys in LG308
45 45  
46 46  
54 +
47 47  == 2.1 Upstream ==
48 48  
57 +
49 49  Now when this End Node (Dev Addr=2602111D) send a uplink packet. When this packet arrive LG308, LG308 will decode it and put the decode data on the file /var/iot/channels/2602111D . So we have this data for further process with other applications in LG308.
50 50  
51 51  (((
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54 54  
55 55  [[image:image-20220527161149-2.png]]
56 56  
57 -LG308 log by "logread -f" command
66 +LG308 log by "(% style="color:red" %)**logread -f**" (%%)command
58 58  
59 59  
60 60  The data of End Node is stored in the file /var/iot/channels/2602111D. We can use hexdump command to check it.
... ... @@ -67,10 +67,12 @@
67 67  000001c
68 68  )))
69 69  
70 -* RSSI: 4646 4646 4646 3946 = 0xFFFF FF9F : So RSSI = (0xFFFF FF9F - 0x100000000) = -97
71 -* SNR: 3030 3030 3030 3546 = 0x0000 005F = 95, need to divide 10 so SNR is 9.5
72 -* Payload: 0xcc0c 0b63 0266 017f ff7f ff00
79 +* **RSSI**: 4646 4646 4646 3946 = 0xFFFF FF9F : So RSSI = (0xFFFF FF9F - 0x100000000) = -97
80 +* **SNR**: 3030 3030 3030 3546 = 0x0000 005F = 95, need to divide 10 so SNR is 9.5
81 +* **Payload**: 0xcc0c 0b63 0266 017f ff7f ff00
73 73  
83 +
84 +
74 74  (% class="box" %)
75 75  (((
76 76  (% style="color:red" %)**Notice 1**(%%): The data file stored in LG308 for the end node is bin file. If the end node sends ASCII string to gateway, the output will as below:
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81 81  000001c
82 82  )))
83 83  
95 +
84 84  (% class="box" %)
85 85  (((
86 -(% style="color:#037691" %)**Notice 2**(%%): The upstream payload length should match the LoRaWAN length requirement (max length depends on Frequency and DR), otherwise the gateway can't decode the payload.
98 +(% style="color:red" %)**Notice 2**(%%): The upstream payload length should match the LoRaWAN length requirement (max length depends on Frequency and DR), otherwise the gateway can't decode the payload.
87 87  )))
88 88  
89 89  
102 +
90 90  === 2.2.1 Decode Method ===
91 91  
105 +
92 92  The decode methods: (% style="color:#037691" %)**ASCII String, Decode_LHT65**(%%) doesn't affect how the sensor data is stored, they are to define how should the sensor data to be sent.
93 93  
94 94  For example we have a LHT65 , works in ABP mode and gateway successful get the data, which are:
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101 101  000001c
102 102  )))
103 103  
118 +
104 104  If we choose ASCII decoder, the MQTT process will send out with mqtt-data:
105 105  
106 106  (% class="box" %)
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110 110  Sun Sep 27 04:33:16 2020 user.notice root: [IoT.MQTT]:mqtt_data[-m]: (% style="color:#037691" %)**ffffffe700000048ccd17fff7fff017fff7fff00**
111 111  )))
112 112  
128 +
113 113  If we choose Decode_LHT65, the MQTT process will send out with mqtt-data
114 114  
115 115  (% class="box" %)
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123 123  Above scripts are store in /etc/lora/decoder/. User can put their scripts here and select it in the UI.
124 124  
125 125  
142 +
126 126  === 2.2.2 How to Decode My End Node ===
127 127  
128 -1/ Configure the ABP keys for your end node in the gateway. enable ABP decode in Web UI
129 129  
130 -2/ Don't choose MQTT service, use LoRaWAN.
146 +**1.** Configure the ABP keys for your end node in the gateway. enable ABP decode in Web UI
131 131  
132 -3/ When your end node send a message to the gateway, there will be a file store in /var/iot/channels. full path should be /var/iot/channels/END_NODE_DEV_ADDR
148 +**2. **Don't choose MQTT service, use LoRaWAN.
133 133  
134 -4/ Use the /etc/lora/decoder/Dragino_LHT65 as template to decode your payload. This script is written in Lua language. User can manually call this script when you see the data file in /var/iot/channels by running:
150 +**3.** When your end node send a message to the gateway, there will be a file store in /var/iot/channels. full path should be /var/iot/channels/END_NODE_DEV_ADDR
135 135  
152 +**4.** Use the /etc/lora/decoder/Dragino_LHT65 as template to decode your payload. This script is written in Lua language. User can manually call this script when you see the data file in /var/iot/channels by running:
153 +
136 136  {{{/etc/lora/decoder/Dragino_LHT65 END_NODE_DEV_ADDR
137 137  }}}
138 138  
139 -5/ What you see as output is the MQTT data device will upload, user's end node has different payload compare with LHT65, most properly this file will report with error. User need to modify to match the actual payload. Some notice:
157 +**5.** What you see as output is the MQTT data device will upload, user's end node has different payload compare with LHT65, most properly this file will report with error. User need to modify to match the actual payload.
140 140  
159 +
160 +(% style="color:red" %)
161 +**Some notice:**
162 +
141 141  * RSSI and SNR are added when gateway receive the packet, so there is always this field.
142 142  * If you rename the file, please make it executable.
143 143  * See this link for lua.bit module: [[http:~~/~~/luaforge.net/projects/bit/>>url:http://luaforge.net/projects/bit/]]
... ... @@ -146,8 +146,11 @@
146 146  * User can use other language ,not limited to Lua, just make sure the return is what you want to send.
147 147  
148 148  
171 +
172 +
149 149  == 2.2 Downstream ==
150 150  
175 +
151 151  In LG308, we can create a file in the directory /var/iot/push for downstream purpose. We recommend using each command to generate this file. This file will be used for transmission and auto-deleted after used
152 152  
153 153  The file should use below format:
... ... @@ -158,28 +158,28 @@
158 158  
159 159  (% style="color:#037691" %)**dev_addr,imme/time,txt/hex,payload,txpw,txbw,SF,frequency,rxwindow**
160 160  
161 -* dev_addr: Inptu the device address
162 -* imme/time:
186 +* **dev_addr:** Inptu the device address
187 +* **imme/time:**
163 163  ** imme: send downstream immediately,For Class C end node.
164 164  ** time: send downstream after receive device's uplink. For Class A end node
165 -* txt/hex:
190 +* **txt/hex:**
166 166  ** txt: send payload in ASCII
167 167  ** hex: send payload in HEX
168 -* payload: payload to be sent, payload lenght should match the LoRaWAN protocol requirement.
169 -* txpw: Transmit Power. example: 20
170 -* txbw: bandwidth:
193 +* **payload: **payload to be sent, payload lenght should match the LoRaWAN protocol requirement.
194 +* **txpw:** Transmit Power. example: 20
195 +* **txbw:** bandwidth:
171 171  ** 1: 500 kHz
172 172  ** 2: 250 kHz
173 173  ** 3: 125 kHz
174 174  ** 4: 62.5 kHz
175 -* SF: Spreading Factor : SF7/SF8/SF9/SF10/SF11/SF12
176 -* Frequency: Transmit Frequency: example: 923300000
177 -* rxwindow: transmit on Rx1Window or Rx2Window.
200 +* **SF:** Spreading Factor : SF7/SF8/SF9/SF10/SF11/SF12
201 +* **Frequency:** Transmit Frequency: example: 923300000
202 +* **rxwindow:** transmit on Rx1Window or Rx2Window.
178 178  
179 -Completely exmaple:
204 +(% style="color:blue" %)**Completely exmaple:**
180 180  
181 -* Old version: echo 018193F4,imme,hex,0101 > /var/iot/push/test
182 -* New version: echo 018193F4,imme,hex,0101,20,1,SF12,923300000,2 > /var/iot/push/test
206 +* **Old version:** echo 018193F4,imme,hex,0101 > /var/iot/push/test
207 +* **New version:** echo 018193F4,imme,hex,0101,20,1,SF12,923300000,2 > /var/iot/push/test
183 183  
184 184  (% style="color:#037691" %)**Downstream Frequency**
185 185  
... ... @@ -200,26 +200,20 @@
200 200  (((
201 201  we can use echo command to create files in LG308 for downstream.
202 202  root@dragino-1d25dc:~~# echo 2602111D,time,hex,12345678 > /var/iot/push/test
203 -)))
204 204  
205 -(% class="box" %)
206 -(((
207 -1) From logread -f of gateway, we can see it has been added as pedning.
229 +
230 +**1)** From logread -f of gateway, we can see it has been added as pedning.
208 208  lora_pkt_fwd[4286]: INFO~~ [DNLK]Looking file : test
209 209  lora_pkt_fwd[4286]: INFO~~ [DNLK]devaddr:2602111D, txmode:time, pdfm:hex, size:4, payload1:4Vx,payload_hex:77C1BB90
210 210  lora_pkt_fwd[4286]: INFO~~ [DNLK] DNLINK PENDING!(1 elems).
211 -)))
212 212  
213 -(% class="box" %)
214 -(((
215 -2) When there is an upstrea from end node, this downstream will be sent and shows:
235 +
236 +**2)** When there is an upstrea from end node, this downstream will be sent and shows:
216 216  lora_pkt_fwd[4286]: INFO: tx_start_delay=1497 (1497.000000) - (1497, bw_delay=0.000000, notch_delay=0.000000)
217 217  lora_pkt_fwd[4286]: [LGWSEND]lgw_send done: count_us=3537314420, freq=923300000, size=17
218 -)))
219 219  
220 -(% class="box" %)
221 -(((
222 -3) and the end node will got:
240 +
241 +**3)** and the end node will got:
223 223  [5764825]~*~*~*~** UpLinkCounter= 98 ~*~*~*~**
224 224  [5764827]TX on freq 905300000 Hz at DR 0
225 225  Update Interval: 60000 ms
... ... @@ -231,11 +231,9 @@
231 231  Rssi= -41
232 232  Receive data
233 233  (% style="color:#037691" %)**2:12345678**  (%%) ~-~-> Hex
234 -)))
235 235  
236 -(% class="box" %)
237 -(((
238 -4) If we use the command "echo 2602111D,time,txt,12345678 > /var/iot/push/test" for downstream, the end node will got:
254 +
255 +**4) **If we use the command "echo 2602111D,time,txt,12345678 > /var/iot/push/test" for downstream, the end node will got:
239 239  [5955877]~*~*~*~** UpLinkCounter= 102 ~*~*~*~**
240 240  [5955879]TX on freq 904100000 Hz at DR 0
241 241  Update Interval: 60000 ms
... ... @@ -250,13 +250,15 @@
250 250  )))
251 251  
252 252  
270 +
253 253  = 3. Example 1: Communicate with LT-22222-L =
254 254  
273 +
255 255  Script can be download from: [[Example Script 1>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_Gateway/LPS8/Firmware/customized_script/&file=talk_to_lt-22222-l_v0.1.sh]]
256 256  
257 257  (% class="box" %)
258 258  (((
259 -#!/bin/sh
278 +//#!/bin/sh
260 260  # This scripts shows how to use LPS8/LG308/DLOS8 to communicate with two LoRaWAN End Nodes, without the use of internet or LoRaWAN server
261 261  #
262 262  # Hardware Prepare:
... ... @@ -289,41 +289,45 @@
289 289  #  Device1: DI1: ON, DI2: ON , DO1: ON,  DO2: ON
290 290  #  Device2: DI1: OFF, DI2: OFF , DO1: ON,  DO2: ON
291 291  #  So if a person is in the Device 1 location, he can check if the DO LED match DI LEDs on Device 1 to confirm
292 -#  whether the Device 2 has been changed.
311 +#  whether the Device 2 has been changed.//
293 293  )))
294 294  
295 -~1. Input keys
296 296  
315 +**~1. Input keys**
316 +
297 297  [[image:image-20220527162450-3.png]]
298 298  
299 299  Input Keys in LPS8
300 300  
301 301  
302 -2. Make sure the LPS8 and LT use the same frequency bands, choose EU868 in this test.
322 +**2. Make sure the LPS8 and LT use the same frequency bands, choose EU868 in this test.**
303 303  
304 -3. Choose Built-in server
305 305  
325 +**3. Choose Built-in server**
326 +
306 306  [[image:image-20220527162518-4.png]]
307 307  
308 308  Choose Built-in server
309 309  
310 310  
311 -4. Run the script.
332 +**4. Run the script.**
312 312  
313 -[[image:image-20220527162552-5.png]]
334 +[[image:image-20220722115213-2.png]]
314 314  
315 315  Run the script
316 316  
317 317  
318 -5. Output:
339 +**5. Output:**
319 319  
320 -[[image:image-20220527162619-6.png]]
341 +[[image:image-20220722115133-1.png]]
321 321  
322 322  Output from LPS8
323 323  
324 324  
346 +
325 325  = 4. Example 2: Communicate to TCP Server =
326 326  
349 +
327 327  [[image:image-20220527162648-7.png]]
328 328  
329 329  Network Structure
... ... @@ -337,6 +337,7 @@
337 337  
338 338  (% style="color:red" %)**Note: Firmware version must be higher than lgw-5.4.1607519907**
339 339  
363 +
340 340  Assume we already set up ABP keys in the gateway:
341 341  
342 342  [[image:image-20220527162852-8.png]]
... ... @@ -344,8 +344,9 @@
344 344  Input Keys in LPS8
345 345  
346 346  
347 -run socket tool in PC
348 348  
372 +**run socket tool in PC**
373 +
349 349  [[image:image-20220527163028-9.png]]
350 350  
351 351  
... ... @@ -352,17 +352,20 @@
352 352  Socket tool
353 353  
354 354  
355 -Input Server address and port
356 356  
381 +**Input Server address and port**
382 +
357 357  [[image:image-20220527163106-10.png]]
358 358  
359 359  Input Server address and port
360 360  
361 361  
362 -See value receive in socket tool. :
363 363  
389 +**See value receive in socket tool:**
390 +
364 364  [[image:image-20220527163144-11.png]]
365 365  
366 366  value receive in socket tool
367 367  
395 +
368 368  If user want to modify the TCP connection method. He can refer: [[https:~~/~~/github.com/dragino/dragino-packages/blob/lg02/haserl-ui/root/usr/bin/tcp_process.sh>>url:https://github.com/dragino/dragino-packages/blob/lg02/haserl-ui/root/usr/bin/tcp_process.sh]]. Same script is on /usr/bin of gateway.
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