Last modified by Xiaoling on 2023/04/20 18:14
From version 1.1 >
edited by Xiaoling
on 2022/05/12 17:46
To version < 14.6 >
edited by Xiaoling
on 2022/06/01 11:13
>
Change comment: There is no comment for this version

Summary

Details

Page properties
Content
... ... @@ -1,32 +1,372 @@
1 -{{box cssClass="floatinginfobox" title="**Contents**"}}
1 + **Contents:**
2 +
2 2  {{toc/}}
3 -{{/box}}
4 4  
5 -= Paragraph 1 =
6 6  
7 -Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.
6 += 1. Introduction =
8 8  
9 -== Sub-paragraph ==
8 +The Dragino LoRaWAN gateway can commuicate with LoRaWAN ABP End Node without the need of LoRaWAN server. It can be used in some cases such as:
10 10  
11 -Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.
10 +* No internet connection.
11 +* User wants to get data forward in gateway and forward to their server base on MQTT/HTTP, etc. (Combine ABP communication method and [[MQTT forward together>>MQTT Forward Instruction]]).
12 12  
13 -== Sub-paragraph ==
13 +(((
14 +The basic of this feature is the decoding of (% style="color:red" %)**LoRaWAN ABP End Node**(%%). Requirements:
15 +)))
14 14  
15 -Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.
17 +1. LoRaWAN End Node in ABP mode. Make sure your end node works in this mode. End node most are default set to OTAA mode
18 +1. LoRaWAN Gateway model: [[LPS8>>url:http://www.dragino.com/products/lora-lorawan-gateway/item/148-lps8.html]], [[LG308>>url:http://www.dragino.com/products/lora-lorawan-gateway/item/140-lg308.html]], [[DLOS8>>url:http://www.dragino.com/products/lora-lorawan-gateway/item/160-dlos8.html]] ,[[LIG16>>url:http://www.dragino.com/products/lora-lorawan-gateway/item/171-lig16.html]]
19 +1. Firmware version for below instruction:**[[(% style="color:purple" %)Since LG02_LG08~~-~~-build-v5.4.1593400722-20200629-1120>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_Gateway/LPS8/Firmware/Release/]](%%)**
16 16  
17 -=== Sub-sub paragraph ===
18 18  
19 -Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.
20 20  
23 += 2. How it works =
21 21  
22 -= Paragraph 2 =
23 23  
24 -Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.
26 +(% style="color:#037691" %)**Video Instruction**(%%): **[[https:~~/~~/youtu.be/ZBjXwmp7rwM>>url:https://youtu.be/ZBjXwmp7rwM]]**
25 25  
26 -== Sub-paragraph ==
27 27  
28 -Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.
29 +Assume we have the LoRaWAN tracker LGT92 which works in ABP mode and US915 band. It has below keys:
29 29  
30 -== Sub-paragraph ==
31 +(% class="box infomessage" %)
32 +(((
33 +AT+NWKSKEY=72 32 63 95 dd 8f e2 b2 13 66 e4 35 93 8f 55 df
34 +AT+APPSKEY=b3 17 f8 14 7a 43 27 8a 6a 31 c4 47 3d 55 5d 33
35 +AT+DADDR=2602111D
36 +)))
31 31  
32 -Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.
38 +(((
39 +and we have the LG308 works and US915 band and support ABP decryption. User can input these keys in LG308 so the LG308 can communicate with LGT92.
40 +)))
41 +
42 +We need to input above keys in LG308 and enable ABP decryption.
43 +
44 +[[image:image-20220527161119-1.png]]
45 +
46 +Input the ABP keys in LG308
47 +
48 +
49 +== 2.1 Upstream ==
50 +
51 +Now when this End Node (Dev Addr=2602111D) send a uplink packet. When this packet arrive LG308, LG308 will decode it and put the decode data on the file /var/iot/channels/2602111D . So we have this data for further process with other applications in LG308.
52 +
53 +(((
54 +We can see the log of LG308 to know this packet arrive
55 +)))
56 +
57 +[[image:image-20220527161149-2.png]]
58 +
59 +LG308 log by "logread -f" command
60 +
61 +
62 +The data of End Node is stored in the file /var/iot/channels/2602111D. We can use hexdump command to check it.
63 +
64 +(% class="box" %)
65 +(((
66 +root@dragino-1d25dc:~~# hexdump /var/iot/channels/2602111D
67 +0000000 (% style="color:#037691" %)**4646 4646 4646 3946 3030 3030 3030 3546**(%%)      ~-~-> Got RSSI and SNR    
68 +0000010 (% style="color:#037691" %)**cc0c 0b63 0266 017f ff7f ff00 **(%%) ~-~-> Payload
69 +000001c
70 +)))
71 +
72 +* RSSI: 4646 4646 4646 3946 = 0xFFFF FF9F : So RSSI = (0xFFFF FF9F - 0x100000000) = -97
73 +* SNR: 3030 3030 3030 3546 = 0x0000 005F = 95, need to divide 10 so SNR is 9.5
74 +* Payload: 0xcc0c 0b63 0266 017f ff7f ff00
75 +
76 +(% class="box" %)
77 +(((
78 +(% style="color:red" %)**Notice 1**(%%): The data file stored in LG308 for the end node is bin file. If the end node sends ASCII string to gateway, the output will as below:
79 +in LGT92, use (% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+SEND=12:hello world** (%%)to send ASCII string
80 +root@dragino-1d25dc:~~# hexdump /var/iot/channels/2602111D
81 +0000000 4646 4646 4646 3946 3030 3030 3030 3546
82 +0000010 6865 6c6c 6f20 776f 726c 6400      ~-~-> Got ASCII code "hello world"    
83 +000001c
84 +)))
85 +
86 +(% class="box" %)
87 +(((
88 +(% style="color:#037691" %)**Notice 2**(%%): The upstream payload length should match the LoRaWAN length requirement (max length depends on Frequency and DR), otherwise the gateway can't decode the payload.
89 +)))
90 +
91 +
92 +=== 2.2.1 Decode Method ===
93 +
94 +The decode methods: (% style="color:#037691" %)**ASCII String, Decode_LHT65**(%%) doesn't affect how the sensor data is stored, they are to define how should the sensor data to be sent.
95 +
96 +For example we have a LHT65 , works in ABP mode and gateway successful get the data, which are:
97 +
98 +(% class="box" %)
99 +(((
100 +root@dragino-1baf44:~~# hexdump /var/iot/channels/01826108
101 +0000000 4646 4646 4646 4537 3030 3030 3030 3438
102 +0000010 ccd1 7fff 7fff 017f ff7f ff00         
103 +000001c
104 +)))
105 +
106 +If we choose ASCII decoder, the MQTT process will send out with mqtt-data:
107 +
108 +(% class="box" %)
109 +(((
110 +Sun Sep 27 04:33:16 2020 user.notice root: [IoT.MQTT]:pub_topic[-t]: dragino-1baf44/01826108/data
111 +Sun Sep 27 04:33:16 2020 user.notice root: [IoT.MQTT]:decoder: ASCII
112 +Sun Sep 27 04:33:16 2020 user.notice root: [IoT.MQTT]:mqtt_data[-m]: (% style="color:#037691" %)**ffffffe700000048ccd17fff7fff017fff7fff00**
113 +)))
114 +
115 +If we choose Decode_LHT65, the MQTT process will send out with mqtt-data
116 +
117 +(% class="box" %)
118 +(((
119 +Sun Sep 27 04:36:45 2020 user.notice root: [IoT.MQTT]:pub_topic[-t]: dragino-1baf44/01826108/data
120 +Sun Sep 27 04:36:45 2020 user.notice root: [IoT.MQTT]:decoder: Dragino_LHT65
121 +Sun Sep 27 04:36:45 2020 user.notice root: [IoT.MQTT]:mqtt_data[-m]:** (% style="color:#037691" %){"Hum_SHT":32.7,"BatV":3.281,"TempC_DS":32.9,
122 +"EXT":"Temperature Sensor","RSSI":-24,"TempC_SHT":85.0,"SNR":8.2,"ext_sensor":0}(%%)**
123 +)))
124 +
125 +Above scripts are store in /etc/lora/decoder/. User can put their scripts here and select it in the UI.
126 +
127 +
128 +=== 2.2.2 How to Decode My End Node ===
129 +
130 +1/ Configure the ABP keys for your end node in the gateway. enable ABP decode in Web UI
131 +
132 +2/ Don't choose MQTT service, use LoRaWAN.
133 +
134 +3/ When your end node send a message to the gateway, there will be a file store in /var/iot/channels. full path should be /var/iot/channels/END_NODE_DEV_ADDR
135 +
136 +4/ Use the /etc/lora/decoder/Dragino_LHT65 as template to decode your payload. This script is written in Lua language. User can manually call this script when you see the data file in /var/iot/channels by running:
137 +
138 +{{{/etc/lora/decoder/Dragino_LHT65 END_NODE_DEV_ADDR
139 +}}}
140 +
141 +5/ What you see as output is the MQTT data device will upload, user's end node has different payload compare with LHT65, most properly this file will report with error. User need to modify to match the actual payload. Some notice:
142 +
143 +* RSSI and SNR are added when gateway receive the packet, so there is always this field.
144 +* If you rename the file, please make it executable.
145 +* See this link for lua.bit module: [[http:~~/~~/luaforge.net/projects/bit/>>url:http://luaforge.net/projects/bit/]]
146 +* Lua json module: [[http:~~/~~/json.luaforge.net/>>url:http://json.luaforge.net/]]
147 +* the last line return is what will be used for MQTT
148 +* User can use other language ,not limited to Lua, just make sure the return is what you want to send.
149 +
150 +
151 +== 2.2 Downstream ==
152 +
153 +In LG308, we can create a file in the directory /var/iot/push for downstream purpose. We recommend using each command to generate this file. This file will be used for transmission and auto-deleted after used
154 +
155 +The file should use below format:
156 +
157 +(% style="color:#037691" %)**dev_addr,imme/time,txt/hex,payload**
158 +
159 +Since fimware > Dragino-v2 lgw-5.4.1608518541 . Support more option
160 +
161 +(% style="color:#037691" %)**dev_addr,imme/time,txt/hex,payload,txpw,txbw,SF,frequency,rxwindow**
162 +
163 +* dev_addr: Inptu the device address
164 +* imme/time:
165 +** imme: send downstream immediately,For Class C end node.
166 +** time: send downstream after receive device's uplink. For Class A end node
167 +* txt/hex:
168 +** txt: send payload in ASCII
169 +** hex: send payload in HEX
170 +* payload: payload to be sent, payload lenght should match the LoRaWAN protocol requirement.
171 +* txpw: Transmit Power. example: 20
172 +* txbw: bandwidth:
173 +** 1: 500 kHz
174 +** 2: 250 kHz
175 +** 3: 125 kHz
176 +** 4: 62.5 kHz
177 +* SF: Spreading Factor : SF7/SF8/SF9/SF10/SF11/SF12
178 +* Frequency: Transmit Frequency: example: 923300000
179 +* rxwindow: transmit on Rx1Window or Rx2Window.
180 +
181 +Completely exmaple:
182 +
183 +* Old version: echo 018193F4,imme,hex,0101 > /var/iot/push/test
184 +* New version: echo 018193F4,imme,hex,0101,20,1,SF12,923300000,2 > /var/iot/push/test
185 +
186 +
187 +(% style="color:#037691" %)**Downstream Frequency**
188 +
189 +The LG308 will use the RX2 window info to send the downstream payload, use the default LoRaWAN settings, as below:
190 +
191 +* EU868: 869.525Mhz, DR0(SF12BW125)
192 +* US915: 923.3Mhz, SF12 BW500
193 +* CN470: 505.3Mhz, SF12 BW125
194 +* AU915: 923.3Mhz, SF12 BW500
195 +* AS923: 923.2Mhz, SF10 BW125
196 +* KR920: 921.9Mhz, SF12 BW125
197 +* IN865: 866.55Mhz, SF10 BW125
198 +* RU864: 869.1Mhz, SF12 BW125
199 +
200 +
201 +(% style="color:#037691" %)**Examples:**
202 +
203 +(% class="box" %)
204 +(((
205 +we can use echo command to create files in LG308 for downstream.
206 +root@dragino-1d25dc:~~# echo 2602111D,time,hex,12345678 > /var/iot/push/test
207 +)))
208 +
209 +(% class="box" %)
210 +(((
211 +1) From logread -f of gateway, we can see it has been added as pedning.
212 +lora_pkt_fwd[4286]: INFO~~ [DNLK]Looking file : test
213 +lora_pkt_fwd[4286]: INFO~~ [DNLK]devaddr:2602111D, txmode:time, pdfm:hex, size:4, payload1:4Vx,payload_hex:77C1BB90
214 +lora_pkt_fwd[4286]: INFO~~ [DNLK] DNLINK PENDING!(1 elems).
215 +)))
216 +
217 +(% class="box" %)
218 +(((
219 +2) When there is an upstrea from end node, this downstream will be sent and shows:
220 +lora_pkt_fwd[4286]: INFO: tx_start_delay=1497 (1497.000000) - (1497, bw_delay=0.000000, notch_delay=0.000000)
221 +lora_pkt_fwd[4286]: [LGWSEND]lgw_send done: count_us=3537314420, freq=923300000, size=17
222 +)))
223 +
224 +(% class="box" %)
225 +(((
226 +3) and the end node will got:
227 +[5764825]~*~*~*~** UpLinkCounter= 98 ~*~*~*~**
228 +[5764827]TX on freq 905300000 Hz at DR 0
229 +Update Interval: 60000 ms
230 +[5765202]txDone
231 +[5766193]RX on freq 927500000 Hz at DR 10
232 +[5766225]rxTimeOut
233 +[5767205]RX on freq 923300000 Hz at DR 8
234 +[5767501]rxDone
235 +Rssi= -41
236 +Receive data
237 +(% style="color:#037691" %)**2:12345678**  (%%) ~-~-> Hex
238 +)))
239 +
240 +(% class="box" %)
241 +(((
242 +4) If we use the command "echo 2602111D,time,txt,12345678 > /var/iot/push/test" for downstream, the end node will got:
243 +[5955877]~*~*~*~** UpLinkCounter= 102 ~*~*~*~**
244 +[5955879]TX on freq 904100000 Hz at DR 0
245 +Update Interval: 60000 ms
246 +[5956254]txDone
247 +[5957246]RX on freq 923900000 Hz at DR 10
248 +[5957278]rxTimeOut
249 +[5958257]RX on freq 923300000 Hz at DR 8
250 +[5958595]rxDone
251 +Rssi= -37
252 +Receive data
253 +(% style="color:#037691" %)**2:3132333435363738**(%%) ~-~-> ASCII string "12345678"
254 +)))
255 +
256 +
257 += 3. Example 1: Communicate with LT-22222-L =
258 +
259 +Script can be download from: [[Example Script 1>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_Gateway/LPS8/Firmware/customized_script/&file=talk_to_lt-22222-l_v0.1.sh]]
260 +
261 +(% class="box" %)
262 +(((
263 +#!/bin/sh
264 +# This scripts shows how to use LPS8/LG308/DLOS8 to communicate with two LoRaWAN End Nodes, without the use of internet or LoRaWAN server
265 +#
266 +# Hardware Prepare:
267 +# 1. LT-22222-L x 2, both are configured to work in
268 +#   a) Class C ;
269 +# b) ABP Mode ;
270 +# c) AT+Mod=1
271 +# 2. LPS8,
272 +#   a) Firmware version >
273 +#   b) Input the LT-22222-L keys in LPS so LPS8 can talk with them.
274 +#   c) Lorawan server choose built-in
275 +#   d) in Custom page, select custom script to point to this script. (put this script in /etc/iot/scripts directory)
276 +#
277 +# How it works?
278 +#   a) Devices 1 sends a uplink payload to LPS8. LPS8 will get the DI1 and DI2 info from the payload
279 +#   b) LPS8 will send a message to Device 2 to set the Device2 DO1 = Device1 DI1, and Device DO2 = Device DI2.
280 +#   c) Device2 will change DO1 and DO2 to according to the message from LPS8, and send back a message to LPS8 with the its DO1
281 +#   and DO2 value. LPS8 will ask Device1 to change its DO1 to same as Device 2, and change the DO2 to the same as Device 2.
282 +#   ( The purpose of this step is to show that the Device2 has already do the change there).
283 +#
284 +#  For example: If current status of Device1 and Device2 leds shows:
285 +#  Device1: DI1: ON, DI2: ON , DO1: OFF,  DO2: OFF
286 +#  Device2: DI1: OFF, DI2: OFF , DO1: OFF,  DO2: OFF
287 +#
288 +#  Step2  will cause below change:
289 +#  Device1: DI1: ON, DI2: ON , DO1: OFF,  DO2: OFF
290 +#  Device2: DI1: OFF, DI2: OFF , DO1: ON,  DO2: ON
291 +# 
292 +#  Step3 will cause below change:
293 +#  Device1: DI1: ON, DI2: ON , DO1: ON,  DO2: ON
294 +#  Device2: DI1: OFF, DI2: OFF , DO1: ON,  DO2: ON
295 +#  So if a person is in the Device 1 location, he can check if the DO LED match DI LEDs on Device 1 to confirm
296 +#  whether the Device 2 has been changed.
297 +)))
298 +
299 +~1. Input keys
300 +
301 +[[image:image-20220527162450-3.png]]
302 +
303 +Input Keys in LPS8
304 +
305 +
306 +2. Make sure the LPS8 and LT use the same frequency bands, choose EU868 in this test.
307 +
308 +3. Choose Built-in server
309 +
310 +[[image:image-20220527162518-4.png]]
311 +
312 +Choose Built-in server
313 +
314 +
315 +4. Run the script.
316 +
317 +[[image:image-20220527162552-5.png]]
318 +
319 +Run the script
320 +
321 +
322 +5. Output:
323 +
324 +[[image:image-20220527162619-6.png]]
325 +
326 +Output from LPS8
327 +
328 +
329 += 4. Example 2: Communicate to TCP Server =
330 +
331 +[[image:image-20220527162648-7.png]]
332 +
333 +Network Structure
334 +
335 +
336 +Full instruction video inlcude how to write scripts to fit server needed is here:
337 +
338 +
339 +(% style="color:#037691" %)**Video Instruction**(%%): **[[https:~~/~~/youtu.be/-nevW6U2TsE>>url:https://youtu.be/-nevW6U2TsE]]**
340 +
341 +
342 +(% style="color:red" %)**Note: Firmware version must be higher than lgw-5.4.1607519907**
343 +
344 +Assume we already set up ABP keys in the gateway:
345 +
346 +[[image:image-20220527162852-8.png]]
347 +
348 +Input Keys in LPS8
349 +
350 +
351 +run socket tool in PC
352 +
353 +[[image:image-20220527163028-9.png]]
354 +
355 +
356 +Socket tool
357 +
358 +
359 +Input Server address and port
360 +
361 +[[image:image-20220527163106-10.png]]
362 +
363 +Input Server address and port
364 +
365 +
366 +See value receive in socket tool. :
367 +
368 +[[image:image-20220527163144-11.png]]
369 +
370 +value receive in socket tool
371 +
372 +If user want to modify the TCP connection method. He can refer: [[https:~~/~~/github.com/dragino/dragino-packages/blob/lg02/haserl-ui/root/usr/bin/tcp_process.sh>>url:https://github.com/dragino/dragino-packages/blob/lg02/haserl-ui/root/usr/bin/tcp_process.sh]]. Same script is on /usr/bin of gateway.
image-20220527161119-1.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Xiaoling
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +128.8 KB
Content
image-20220527161149-2.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Xiaoling
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +103.9 KB
Content
image-20220527162450-3.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Xiaoling
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +125.4 KB
Content
image-20220527162518-4.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Xiaoling
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +72.8 KB
Content
image-20220527162552-5.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Xiaoling
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +33.6 KB
Content
image-20220527162619-6.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Xiaoling
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +41.0 KB
Content
image-20220527162648-7.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Xiaoling
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +151.7 KB
Content
image-20220527162852-8.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Xiaoling
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +125.6 KB
Content
image-20220527163028-9.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Xiaoling
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +32.9 KB
Content
image-20220527163106-10.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Xiaoling
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +34.5 KB
Content
image-20220527163144-11.png
Author
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +XWiki.Xiaoling
Size
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
1 +107.7 KB
Content

Applications

Navigation

Copyright ©2010-2024 Dragino Technology Co., LTD. All rights reserved
Dragino Wiki v2.0