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16 16  In some case, the measurement and real value are in different range, but they are both linear, we have to calculate the real value with the measurement we can use a simple Linear Calibration.
17 17  
18 18  
19 -**Example:** we have a water level probe, the measurement range is 0 ~~ 10 meters, and the output is 4~~20mA, this means the when the water level is 0 meter, the output is 4mA, when the water level is 10 meters, the output is 20mA.
19 +== 2.1 Solve the linear relationship manually ==
20 20  
21 +
22 +(% style="color:blue" %)**Example:**(%%) we have a water level probe, the measurement range is 0 ~~ 10 meters, and the output is 4~~20mA, this means the when the water level is 0 meter, the output is 4mA, when the water level is 10 meters, the output is 20mA.
23 +
21 21  We can make a coordinate axis as below:
22 22  
23 -1. (% style="color:blue" %)**Y**(%%) axis is the real value, from 0~~10 meters
24 -1. (% style="color:blue" %)**X**(%%) axis is the probe output , from 4~~20mA
26 +1. (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**Y**(%%) axis is the real value, from 0~~10 meters
27 +1. (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**X**(%%) axis is the probe output , from 4~~20mA
25 25  
26 26  We use two points to make the linear line: Point1(x1,y1) = (4,0), Point2(x2,y2)= (20,10).
27 27  
28 -Since the reading is linear, all (% style="color:blue" %)**probe output**(%%) and (% style="color:blue" %)**real value**(%%) is on this line, so we can calculate the real value by probe output in two steps:
31 +Since the reading is linear, all (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**probe output**(%%) and (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**real value**(%%) is on this line, so we can calculate the real value by probe output in two steps:
29 29  
30 -* **Step1:** Get (% style="color:blue" %)**k(Slope)**(%%) for the line:
33 +* **Step1:** Get (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**realk(Slope)**(%%) for the line:
31 31  
32 32   k=(y2-y1)/(x2-x1) = (10-0)/(20-4) =10/16= 0.625
33 33  
34 -* **Step2:** Get (% style="color:blue" %)**kreal value(y)**(%%):
37 +* **Step2:** Get (% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**real value( y )**(%%):
35 35  
36 -k=(y-y1)/(x-x1)  
39 + k =(y-y1)/(x-x1)  
37 37  
38 -~-~-> y = k*(x-x1)+y1 = 0.625 * (x-4) + 0.
41 + ~-~-> y = k*(x-x1)+y1 = 0.625 * (x-4) + 0.
39 39  
40 - ~= 0.625 * (x-4)
43 + ~= 0.625 * (x-4)
41 41  
42 -When x=12mA , y=5 meters
45 +Thus, we can introduce x-values to the already obtained equations to derive the corresponding y-values：
43 43  
44 -When x=8mA, y= 2.5 meters
47 +When x=12 mA , y=5 meters
45 45  
49 +When x=8 mA, y=2.5 meters
46 46  
51 +
47 47  A more general formular:
48 48  
49 -Y=(y2-y1)/(x2-x1)* (x-x1) + y1
54 +(% style="color:#4f81bd" %)**Y=(y2-y1)/(x2-x1)* (x-x1) + y1**
50 50  
51 51  
52 -[[image:image-20240902114541-1.png||height="492" width="874"]]
57 +Calibration Curve Schematic：
53 53  
59 +[[image:image-20240902114541-1.png||height="479" width="851"]]
54 54  
55 55  
56 -= 3. Case examples =
62 +== 2.2 Performing linear calibration curves in Excel ==
57 57  
58 58  
59 -Some case for example which we can use Linear Calibration:
65 +In addition, we can also perform calibration curves in Excel and directly obtain linear equations by statistics of X and Y values.
60 60  
61 61  
62 -Case 1: Calibrate Microwave Radar Readling.
63 63  
64 -The microwave radar reading might effect by the OUM(Object Under Measured), but the reading still linear. In this case, we can measure the closest(x1,y1) and the farthest point(x2,y2). Where the x is reading in platform, y is the real value. And use above method to calibrate.
65 65  
66 66  
67 -Case 2: Calibrate the Soil EC base on SE01 soil sensor raw EC reading.
68 68  
69 -The SE01 probe is calibrated via mineral soil. The reading for other soil will be different by still in linear, In this case, we can measure two points (x1,y1) and (x2,y2). Where the x is reading of Raw EC, y is the real EC for the soil. And use above method to calibrate
70 70  
71 71  
72 -Case 3: use water level probe to calibrate for oil.
74 += 3. Case examples =
73 73  
74 -Oil has different density vs water, but we can still use the immersion type water level pressure sensor to get the oil level. In this case, we can measure two points (x1,y1) and (x2,y2). Where the x is reading of water level, y is the oil level. And use above method to calibrate
75 75  
77 +Some case for example which we can use Linear Calibration:
76 76  
77 -Notice for Linear Calibrate:
78 78  
79 -1. k(Slope) is very important, We can measure more points to calculate the most accuracy k.
80 -1. Make sure the mapping is linear, and choose two calibrate points as “far” as possible.
80 +(% style="color:blue" %)**Case 1: Calibrate Microwave Radar Readling.**
81 81  
82 +The microwave radar reading might effect by the OUM(Object Under Measured), but the reading still linear. In this case, we can measure the closest(x1,y1) and the farthest point(x2,y2). Where the x is reading in platform, y is the real value. And use above method to calibrate.
82 82  
83 83  
85 +(% style="color:blue" %)**Case 2: Calibrate the Soil EC base on SE01 soil sensor raw EC reading.**
84 84  
87 +The SE01 probe is calibrated via mineral soil. The reading for other soil will be different by still in linear, In this case, we can measure two points (x1,y1) and (x2,y2). Where the x is reading of Raw EC, y is the real EC for the soil. And use above method to calibrate
85 85  
86 86  
90 +(% style="color:blue" %)**Case 3: use water level probe to calibrate for oil.**
87 87  
92 +Oil has different density vs water, but we can still use the immersion type water level pressure sensor to get the oil level. In this case, we can measure two points (x1,y1) and (x2,y2). Where the x is reading of water level, y is the oil level. And use above method to calibrate
88 88  
94 +
95 +(% style="color:red" %)**Notice for Linear Calibrate:**
96 +
97 +1. k(Slope) is very important, We can measure more points to calculate the most accuracy k.
98 +1. Make sure the mapping is linear, and choose two calibrate points as "far" as possible.
99 +
100 +
89 89  
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