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1		-{{box cssClass="floatinginfobox" title="**Contents**"}}
2		-{{toc/}}
3		-{{/box}}
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	19	+
	20	+
	21	+
	22	+
	23	+1. Introduction
	24	+11. ​What is LoRaWAN Soil Moisture & EC Sensor
	25	+
	26	+
	27	+The Dragino LSE01 is a **LoRaWAN Soil Moisture & EC Sensor** for IoT of Agriculture. It is designed to measure the soil moisture of saline-alkali soil and loamy soil. The soil sensor uses FDR method to calculate the soil moisture with the compensation from soil temperature and conductivity. It also has been calibrated in factory for Mineral soil type.
	28	+
	29	+
	30	+It detects **Soil Moisture**, **Soil Temperature** and **Soil Conductivity**, and uploads the value via wireless to LoRaWAN IoT Server.
	31	+
	32	+
	33	+The LoRa wireless technology used in LES01 allows device to send data and reach extremely long ranges at low data-rates. It provides ultra-long range spread spectrum communication and high interference immunity whilst minimizing current consumption.
	34	+
	35	+
	36	+LES01 is powered by **4000mA or 8500mAh Li-SOCI2 battery**, It is designed for long term use up to 10 years.
	37	+
	38	+
	39	+Each LES01 is pre-load with a set of unique keys for LoRaWAN registrations, register these keys to local LoRaWAN server and it will auto connect after power on.
	40	+
	41	+
	42	+[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image002.png]]
	43	+
	44	+
	45	+[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image003.png]]
	46	+
	47	+
	48	+
	49	+*
	50	+*1. ​Features
	51	+* LoRaWAN 1.0.3 Class A
	52	+* Ultra low power consumption
	53	+* Monitor Soil Moisture
	54	+* Monitor Soil Temperature
	55	+* Monitor Soil Conductivity
	56	+* Bands: CN470/EU433/KR920/US915/EU868/AS923/AU915/IN865
	57	+* AT Commands to change parameters
	58	+* Uplink on periodically
	59	+* Downlink to change configure
	60	+* IP66 Waterproof Enclosure
	61	+* 4000mAh or 8500mAh Battery for long term use
	62	+
	63	+
	64	+1.
	65	+11. Specification
	66	+
	67	+Measure Volume: Base on the centra pin of the probe, a cylinder with 7cm diameter and 10cm height.
	68	+
	69	+|**Parameter**|**Soil Moisture**|**Soil Conductivity**|**Soil Temperature**
	70	+|**Range**|**0-100.00%**|(((
	71	+**0-20000uS/cm**
	72	+
	73	+**(25℃)(0-20.0EC)**
	74	+)))|**-40.00℃～85.00℃**
	75	+|**Unit**|**V/V %,**|**uS/cm,**|**℃**
	76	+|**Resolution**|**0.01%**|**1 uS/cm**|**0.01℃**
	77	+|**Accuracy**|(((
	78	+**±3% (0-53%)**
	79	+
	80	+**±5% (>53%)**
	81	+)))|**2%FS,**|(((
	82	+**-10℃～50℃:<0.3℃**
	83	+
	84	+**All other: <0.6℃**
	85	+)))
	86	+|(((
	87	+**Measure**
	88	+
	89	+**Method**
	90	+)))|**FDR , with temperature &EC compensate**|**Conductivity , with temperature compensate**|**RTD, and calibrate**
	91	+
	92	+
	93	+
	94	+
	95	+*
	96	+*1. ​Applications
	97	+* Smart Agriculture
	98	+
	99	+
	100	+1.
	101	+11. ​Firmware Change log
	102	+
	103	+
	104	+**LSE01 v1.0:**
	105	+
	106	+* Release
	107	+
	108	+
	109	+
	110	+
	111	+1. Configure LSE01 to connect to LoRaWAN network
	112	+11. How it works
	113	+
	114	+The LSE01 is configured as LoRaWAN OTAA Class A mode by default. It has OTAA keys to join LoRaWAN network. To connect a local LoRaWAN network, you need to input the OTAA keys in the LoRaWAN IoT server and power on the LSE0150. It will automatically join the network via OTAA and start to send the sensor value
	115	+
	116	+
	117	+In case you can’t set the OTAA keys in the LoRaWAN OTAA server, and you have to use the keys from the server, you can [[use AT Commands >>path:#_​Using_the_AT]]to set the keys in the LSE01.
	118	+
	119	+
	120	+
	121	+
	122	+1.
	123	+11. ​Quick guide to connect to LoRaWAN server (OTAA)
	124	+
	125	+Following is an example for how to join the [[TTN v3 LoRaWAN Network>>url:https://console.cloud.thethings.network/]]. Below is the network structure; we use the [[LG308>>url:http://www.dragino.com/products/lora/item/140-lg308.html]] as a LoRaWAN gateway in this example.
	126	+
	127	+
	128	+[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image003.png]]
	129	+
	130	+
	131	+The LG308 is already set to connected to [[TTN network >>url:https://console.cloud.thethings.network/]], so what we need to now is configure the TTN server.
	132	+
	133	+
	134	+**Step 1**: Create a device in TTN with the OTAA keys from LSE01.
	135	+
	136	+Each LSE01 is shipped with a sticker with the default device EUI as below:
	137	+
	138	+
	139	+
	140	+
	141	+You can enter this key in the LoRaWAN Server portal. Below is TTN screen shot:
	142	+
	143	+
	144	+**Add APP EUI in the application**
	145	+
	146	+
	147	+[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image004.png]]
	148	+
	149	+
	150	+
	151	+**Add APP KEY and DEV EUI**
	152	+
	153	+
	154	+[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image005.png]]
	155	+
	156	+|(((
	157	+
	158	+)))
	159	+
	160	+
	161	+
	162	+
	163	+
	164	+**Step 2**: Power on LSE01
	165	+
	166	+
	167	+Put a Jumper on JP2 to power on the device. ( The Jumper must be in FLASH position).
	168	+
	169	+
	170	+
	171	+|(((
	172	+
	173	+)))
	174	+
	175	+[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image006.png]]
	176	+
	177	+
	178	+
	179	+
	180	+
	181	+**Step 3:** The LSE01 will auto join to the TTN network. After join success, it will start to upload messages to TTN and you can see the messages in the panel.
	182	+
	183	+[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image007.png]]
	184	+
	185	+
	186	+
	187	+
	188	+1.
	189	+11. ​Uplink Payload
	190	+111. MOD=0(Default Mode)
	191	+
	192	+LSE01 will uplink payload via LoRaWAN with below payload format:
	193	+
	194	+
	195	+Uplink payload includes in total 11 bytes.
	196	+
	197	+
	198	+|(((
	199	+**Size**
	200	+
	201	+**(bytes)**
	202	+)))|**2**|**2**|**2**|**2**|**2**|**1**
	203	+|**Value**|[[BAT>>path:#bat]]|(((
	204	+Temperature
	205	+
	206	+(Reserve, Ignore now)
	207	+)))|[[Soil Moisture>>path:#soil_moisture]]|[[Soil Temperature>>path:#soil_tem]]|[[Soil Conductivity (EC)>>path:#EC]]|(((
	208	+MOD & Digital Interrupt
	209	+
	210	+(Optional)
	211	+)))
	212	+
	213	+
	214	+[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image007.png]]
	215	+
	216	+
	217	+1.
	218	+11.
	219	+111. MOD=1(Original value)
	220	+
	221	+
	222	+This mode can get the original AD value of moisture and original conductivity (with temperature drift compensation).
	223	+
	224	+|(((
	225	+**Size**
	226	+
	227	+**(bytes)**
	228	+)))|**2**|**2**|**2**|**2**|**2**|**1**
	229	+|**Value**|[[BAT>>path:#bat]]|(((
	230	+Temperature
	231	+
	232	+(Reserve, Ignore now)
	233	+)))|[[Soil Moisture>>path:#soil_moisture]](raw)|[[Soil Temperature>>path:#soil_tem]]|[[Soil Conductivity (EC)>>path:#EC]](raw)|(((
	234	+MOD & Digital Interrupt
	235	+
	236	+(Optional)
	237	+)))
	238	+
	239	+
	240	+[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image008.png]]
	241	+
	242	+1.
	243	+11.
	244	+111. Battery Info
	245	+
	246	+Check the battery voltage for LSE01.
	247	+
	248	+Ex1: 0x0B45 = 2885mV
	249	+
	250	+Ex2: 0x0B49 = 2889mV
	251	+
	252	+
	253	+
	254	+1.
	255	+11.
	256	+111. Soil Moisture
	257	+
	258	+Get the moisture content of the soil. The value range of the register is 0-10000(Decimal), divide this value by 100 to get the percentage of moisture in the soil.
	259	+
	260	+For example, if the data you get from the register is 0x05 0xDC, the moisture content in the soil is
	261	+
	262	+**05DC(H) = 1500(D) /100 = 15%.**
	263	+
	264	+
	265	+1.
	266	+11.
	267	+111. Soil Temperature
	268	+
	269	+ Get the temperature in the soil. The value range of the register is -4000 - +800(Decimal), divide this value by 100 to get the temperature in the soil. For example, if the data you get from the register is 0x09 0xEC, the temperature content in the soil is
	270	+
	271	+**Example**:
	272	+
	273	+If payload is 0105H: ((0x0105 & 0x8000)>>15 === 0),temp = 0105(H)/100 = 2.61 °C
	274	+
	275	+If payload is FF7EH: ((FF7E & 0x8000)>>15 ===1),temp = (FF7E(H)-FFFF(H))/100 = -1.29 °C
	276	+
	277	+
	278	+1.
	279	+11.
	280	+111. Soil Conductivity (EC)
	281	+
	282	+Obtain soluble salt concentration in soil or soluble ion concentration in liquid fertilizer or planting medium,. The value range of the register is 0 - 20000(Decimal)( Can be greater than 20000).
	283	+
	284	+For example, if the data you get from the register is 0x00 0xC8, the soil conductivity is 00C8(H) = 200(D) = 200 uS/cm.
	285	+
	286	+
	287	+Generally, the EC value of irrigation water is less than 800uS / cm.
	288	+
	289	+1.
	290	+11.
	291	+111. MOD
	292	+
	293	+Firmware version at least v2.1 supports changing mode.
	294	+
	295	+For example, bytes[10]=90
	296	+
	297	+mod=(bytes[10]>>7)&0x01=1.
	298	+
	299	+
	300	+Downlink Command:
	301	+
	302	+If payload = 0x0A00, workmode=0
	303	+
	304	+If** **payload =** **0x0A01, workmode=1
	305	+
	306	+
	307	+1.
	308	+11.
	309	+111. ​Decode payload in The Things Network
	310	+
	311	+While using TTN network, you can add the payload format to decode the payload.
	312	+
	313	+
	314	+[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image009.png]]
	315	+
	316	+The payload decoder function for TTN is here:
	317	+
	318	+LSE01 TTN Payload Decoder: [[http:~~/~~/www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_End_Node/LSE01/Payload_Decoder/>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_End_Node/LSE01/Payload_Decoder/]]
	319	+
	320	+
	321	+1.
	322	+11. Uplink Interval
	323	+
	324	+The LSE01 by default uplink the sensor data every 20 minutes. User can change this interval by AT Command or LoRaWAN Downlink Command. See this link:
	325	+
	326	+[[http:~~/~~/wiki.dragino.com/index.php?title=End_Device_AT_Commands_and_Downlink_Commands#Change_Uplink_Interval>>url:http://wiki.dragino.com/index.php?title=End_Device_AT_Commands_and_Downlink_Commands#Change_Uplink_Interval]]
	327	+
	328	+1.
	329	+11. ​Downlink Payload
	330	+
	331	+By default, LSE50 prints the downlink payload to console port.
	332	+
	333	+|**Downlink Control Type**|**FPort**|**Type Code**|**Downlink payload size(bytes)**
	334	+|TDC (Transmit Time Interval)|Any|01|4
	335	+|RESET|Any|04|2
	336	+|AT+CFM|Any|05|4
	337	+|INTMOD|Any|06|4
	338	+|MOD|Any|0A|2
	339	+
	340	+
	341	+**Examples**
	342	+
	343	+
	344	+**Set TDC**
	345	+
	346	+If the payload=0100003C, it means set the END Node’s TDC to 0x00003C=60(S), while type code is 01.
	347	+
	348	+Payload:    01 00 00 1E    TDC=30S
	349	+
	350	+Payload:    01 00 00 3C    TDC=60S
	351	+
	352	+
	353	+**Reset**
	354	+
	355	+If payload = 0x04FF, it will reset the LSE01
	356	+
	357	+
	358	+**CFM**
	359	+
	360	+Downlink Payload: 05000001, Set AT+CFM=1 or 05000000 , set AT+CFM=0
	361	+
	362	+1.
	363	+11. ​Show Data in DataCake IoT Server
	364	+
	365	+[[DATACAKE>>url:https://datacake.co/]] provides a human friendly interface to show the sensor data, once we have data in TTN, we can use [[DATACAKE>>url:https://datacake.co/]] to connect to TTN and see the data in DATACAKE. Below are the steps:
	366	+
	367	+
	368	+**Step 1**: Be sure that your device is programmed and properly connected to the network at this time.
	369	+
	370	+**Step 2**: To configure the Application to forward data to DATACAKE you will need to add integration. To add the DATACAKE integration, perform the following steps:
	371	+
	372	+
	373	+[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image010.png]]
	374	+
	375	+
	376	+[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image011.png]]
	377	+
	378	+
	379	+
	380	+
	381	+
	382	+Step 3: Create an account or log in Datacake.
	383	+
	384	+Step 4: Search the LSE01 and add DevEUI.
	385	+
	386	+
	387	+[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image012.png]]
	388	+
	389	+
	390	+
	391	+After added, the sensor data arrive TTN, it will also arrive and show in Mydevices.
	392	+
	393	+
	394	+[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image013.png]]
	395	+
	396	+
	397	+
	398	+1.
	399	+11. Frequency Plans
	400	+
	401	+The LSE01 uses OTAA mode and below frequency plans by default. If user want to use it with different frequency plan, please refer the AT command sets.
	402	+
	403	+1.
	404	+11.
	405	+111. EU863-870 (EU868)
	406	+
	407	+Uplink:
	408	+
	409	+868.1 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
	410	+
	411	+868.3 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125 and SF7BW250
	412	+
	413	+868.5 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
	414	+
	415	+867.1 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
	416	+
	417	+867.3 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
	418	+
	419	+867.5 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
	420	+
	421	+867.7 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
	422	+
	423	+867.9 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
	424	+
	425	+868.8 - FSK
	426	+
	427	+
	428	+Downlink:
	429	+
	430	+Uplink channels 1-9 (RX1)
	431	+
	432	+869.525 - SF9BW125 (RX2 downlink only)
	433	+
	434	+
	435	+1.
	436	+11.
	437	+111. US902-928(US915)
	438	+
	439	+Used in USA, Canada and South America. Default use CHE=2
	440	+
	441	+Uplink:
	442	+
	443	+903.9 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
	444	+
	445	+904.1 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
	446	+
	447	+904.3 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
	448	+
	449	+904.5 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
	450	+
	451	+904.7 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
	452	+
	453	+904.9 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
	454	+
	455	+905.1 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
	456	+
	457	+905.3 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
	458	+
	459	+
	460	+Downlink:
	461	+
	462	+923.3 - SF7BW500 to SF12BW500
	463	+
	464	+923.9 - SF7BW500 to SF12BW500
	465	+
	466	+924.5 - SF7BW500 to SF12BW500
	467	+
	468	+925.1 - SF7BW500 to SF12BW500
	469	+
	470	+925.7 - SF7BW500 to SF12BW500
	471	+
	472	+926.3 - SF7BW500 to SF12BW500
	473	+
	474	+926.9 - SF7BW500 to SF12BW500
	475	+
	476	+927.5 - SF7BW500 to SF12BW500
	477	+
	478	+923.3 - SF12BW500(RX2 downlink only)
	479	+
	480	+
	481	+1.
	482	+11.
	483	+111. CN470-510 (CN470)
	484	+
	485	+Used in China, Default use CHE=1
	486	+
	487	+Uplink:
	488	+
	489	+486.3 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
	490	+
	491	+486.5 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
	492	+
	493	+486.7 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
	494	+
	495	+486.9 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
	496	+
	497	+487.1 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
	498	+
	499	+487.3 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
	500	+
	501	+487.5 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
	502	+
	503	+487.7 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
	504	+
	505	+
	506	+Downlink:
	507	+
	508	+506.7 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
	509	+
	510	+506.9 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
	511	+
	512	+507.1 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
	513	+
	514	+507.3 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
	515	+
	516	+507.5 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
	517	+
	518	+507.7 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
	519	+
	520	+507.9 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
	521	+
	522	+508.1 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
	523	+
	524	+505.3 - SF12BW125 (RX2 downlink only)
	525	+
	526	+
	527	+1.
	528	+11.
	529	+111. AU915-928(AU915)
	530	+
	531	+Default use CHE=2
	532	+
	533	+Uplink:
	534	+
	535	+916.8 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
	536	+
	537	+917.0 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
	538	+
	539	+917.2 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
	540	+
	541	+917.4 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
	542	+
	543	+917.6 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
	544	+
	545	+917.8 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
	546	+
	547	+918.0 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
	548	+
	549	+918.2 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
	550	+
	551	+
	552	+Downlink:
	553	+
	554	+923.3 - SF7BW500 to SF12BW500
	555	+
	556	+923.9 - SF7BW500 to SF12BW500
	557	+
	558	+924.5 - SF7BW500 to SF12BW500
	559	+
	560	+925.1 - SF7BW500 to SF12BW500
	561	+
	562	+925.7 - SF7BW500 to SF12BW500
	563	+
	564	+926.3 - SF7BW500 to SF12BW500
	565	+
	566	+926.9 - SF7BW500 to SF12BW500
	567	+
	568	+927.5 - SF7BW500 to SF12BW500
	569	+
	570	+923.3 - SF12BW500(RX2 downlink only)
	571	+
	572	+1.
	573	+11.
	574	+111. AS920-923 & AS923-925 (AS923)
	575	+
	576	+
	577	+**Default Uplink channel:**
	578	+
	579	+923.2 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
	580	+
	581	+923.4 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
	582	+
	583	+
	584	+**Additional Uplink Channel**:
	585	+
	586	+(OTAA mode, channel added by JoinAccept message)
	587	+
	588	+**AS920~~AS923 for Japan, Malaysia, Singapore**:
	589	+
	590	+922.2 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
	591	+
	592	+922.4 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
	593	+
	594	+922.6 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
	595	+
	596	+922.8 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
	597	+
	598	+923.0 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
	599	+
	600	+922.0 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
	601	+
	602	+
	603	+**AS923 ~~ AS925 for Brunei, Cambodia, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Laos, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam**:
	604	+
	605	+923.6 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
	606	+
	607	+923.8 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
	608	+
	609	+924.0 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
	610	+
	611	+924.2 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
	612	+
	613	+924.4 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
	614	+
	615	+924.6 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
	616	+
	617	+
	618	+
	619	+**Downlink:**
	620	+
	621	+Uplink channels 1-8 (RX1)
	622	+
	623	+923.2 - SF10BW125 (RX2)
	624	+
	625	+
	626	+1.
	627	+11.
	628	+111. KR920-923 (KR920)
	629	+
	630	+Default channel:
	631	+
	632	+922.1 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
	633	+
	634	+922.3 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
	635	+
	636	+922.5 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
	637	+
	638	+
	639	+Uplink: (OTAA mode, channel added by JoinAccept message)
	640	+
	641	+922.1 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
	642	+
	643	+922.3 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
	644	+
	645	+922.5 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
	646	+
	647	+922.7 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
	648	+
	649	+922.9 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
	650	+
	651	+923.1 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
	652	+
	653	+923.3 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
	654	+
	655	+
	656	+Downlink:
	657	+
	658	+Uplink channels 1-7(RX1)
	659	+
	660	+921.9 - SF12BW125 (RX2 downlink only; SF12BW125 might be changed to SF9BW125)
	661	+
	662	+
	663	+1.
	664	+11.
	665	+111. IN865-867 (IN865)
	666	+
	667	+
	668	+Uplink:
	669	+
	670	+865.0625 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
	671	+
	672	+865.4025 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
	673	+
	674	+865.9850 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
	675	+
	676	+
	677	+Downlink:
	678	+
	679	+Uplink channels 1-3 (RX1)
	680	+
	681	+866.550 - SF10BW125 (RX2)
	682	+
	683	+
	684	+1.
	685	+11. LED Indicator
	686	+
	687	+The LSE01 has an internal LED which is to show the status of different state.
	688	+
	689	+
	690	+* Blink once when device power on.
	691	+* Solid ON for 5 seconds once device successful Join the network.
	692	+* Blink once when device transmit a packet.
	693	+
	694	+
	695	+1.
	696	+11. Installation in Soil
	697	+
	698	+
	699	+**Measurement the soil surface**
	700	+
	701	+
	702	+[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image014.png]] ​
	703	+
	704	+Choose the proper measuring position. Avoid the probe to touch rocks or hard things. Split the surface soil according to the measured deep. Keep the measured as original density. Vertical insert the probe into the soil to be measured. Make sure not shake when inserting.
	705	+
	706	+
	707	+
	708	+
	709	+
	710	+
	711	+
	712	+[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image015.png]]
	713	+
	714	+
	715	+
	716	+Dig a hole with diameter > 20CM.
	717	+
	718	+Horizontal insert the probe to the soil and fill the hole for long term measurement.
	719	+
	720	+
	721	+
	722	+
	723	+1.
	724	+11. ​Firmware Change Log
	725	+
	726	+**Firmware download link:**
	727	+
	728	+[[http:~~/~~/www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_End_Node/LSE01/Firmware/>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_End_Node/LSE01/Firmware/]]
	729	+
	730	+
	731	+**Firmware Upgrade Method:**
	732	+
	733	+[[http:~~/~~/wiki.dragino.com/index.php?title=Firmware_Upgrade_Instruction_for_STM32_base_products#Introduction>>url:http://wiki.dragino.com/index.php?title=Firmware_Upgrade_Instruction_for_STM32_base_products#Introduction]]
	734	+
	735	+
	736	+**V1.0.**
	737	+
	738	+Release
	739	+
	740	+
	741	+
	742	+1.
	743	+11. ​Battery Analysis
	744	+111. ​Battery Type
	745	+
	746	+The LSE01 battery is a combination of a 4000mAh Li/SOCI2 Battery and a Super Capacitor. The battery is non-rechargeable battery type with a low discharge rate (<2% per year). This type of battery is commonly used in IoT devices such as water meter.
	747	+
	748	+
	749	+The battery is designed to last for more than 5 years for the LSN50.
	750	+
	751	+
	752	+The battery related documents as below:
	753	+
	754	+* [[Battery Dimension>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=datasheet/Battery/&file=LSN50-Battery-Dimension.pdf]],
	755	+* [[Lithium-Thionyl Chloride Battery>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/downloads/datasheet/Battery/ER18505_datasheet-EN.pdf]] datasheet, [[Tech Spec>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/downloads/datasheet/Battery/ER18505_datasheet_PM-ER18505-S-02-LF_EN.pdf]]
	756	+* [[Lithium-ion Battery-Capacitor datasheet>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/downloads/datasheet/Battery/SPC_1520_datasheet.jpg]], [[Tech Spec>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/downloads/datasheet/Battery/SPC1520%20Technical%20Specification20171123.pdf]]
	757	+
	758	+
	759	+
	760	+|(((
	761	+JST-XH-2P connector
	762	+)))
	763	+
	764	+[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image016.png]] [[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image017.png]]
	765	+
	766	+
	767	+
	768	+1.
	769	+11.
	770	+111. ​Battery Note
	771	+
	772	+The Li-SICO battery is designed for small current / long period application. It is not good to use a high current, short period transmit method. The recommended minimum period for use of this battery is 5 minutes. If you use a shorter period time to transmit LoRa, then the battery life may be decreased.
	773	+
	774	+
	775	+1.
	776	+11.
	777	+111. ​Replace the battery
	778	+
	779	+
	780	+If Battery is lower than 2.7v, user should replace the battery of LSE01.
	781	+
	782	+
	783	+You can change the battery in the LSE01.The type of battery is not limited as long as the output is between 3v to 3.6v. On the main board, there is a diode (D1) between the battery and the main circuit. If you need to use a battery with less than 3.3v, please remove the D1 and shortcut the two pads of it so there won’t be voltage drop between battery and main board.
	784	+
	785	+
	786	+The default battery pack of LSE01 includes a ER18505 plus super capacitor. If user can’t find this pack locally, they can find ER18505 or equivalence, which will also work in most case. The SPC can enlarge the battery life for high frequency use (update period below 5 minutes)
	787	+
	788	+
	789	+
	790	+
	791	+
	792	+
	793	+1. ​Using the AT Commands
	794	+11. ​Access AT Commands
	795	+
	796	+LSE01 supports AT Command set in the stock firmware. You can use a USB to TTL adapter to connect to LSE01 for using AT command, as below.
	797	+
	798	+[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image018.png]]
	799	+
	800	+
	801	+Or if you have below board, use below connection:
	802	+
	803	+
	804	+[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image019.png]]
	805	+
	806	+
	807	+
	808	+In the PC, you need to set the serial baud rate to **9600** to access the serial console for LSE01. LSE01 will output system info once power on as below:
	809	+
	810	+
	811	+ [[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image020.png]]
	812	+
	813	+
	814	+Below are the available commands, a more detailed AT Command manual can be found at [[AT Command Manual>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_End_Node/LSE01/]]: [[http:~~/~~/www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_End_Node/LSE01/>>url:http://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_End_Node/LSE01/]]
	815	+
	816	+
	817	+AT+<CMD>?        : Help on <CMD>
	818	+
	819	+AT+<CMD>         : Run <CMD>
	820	+
	821	+AT+<CMD>=<value> : Set the value
	822	+
	823	+AT+<CMD>=?       : Get the value
	824	+
	825	+
	826	+**General Commands**
	827	+
	828	+AT                    : Attention
	829	+
	830	+AT?                            : Short Help
	831	+
	832	+ATZ                            : MCU Reset
	833	+
	834	+AT+TDC           : Application Data Transmission Interval
	835	+
	836	+
	837	+**Keys, IDs and EUIs management**
	838	+
	839	+AT+APPEUI              : Application EUI
	840	+
	841	+AT+APPKEY              : Application Key
	842	+
	843	+AT+APPSKEY            : Application Session Key
	844	+
	845	+AT+DADDR              : Device Address
	846	+
	847	+AT+DEUI                   : Device EUI
	848	+
	849	+AT+NWKID               : Network ID (You can enter this command change only after successful network connection)
	850	+
	851	+AT+NWKSKEY          : Network Session Key Joining and sending date on LoRa network
	852	+
	853	+AT+CFM          : Confirm Mode
	854	+
	855	+AT+CFS                     : Confirm Status
	856	+
	857	+AT+JOIN          : Join LoRa? Network
	858	+
	859	+AT+NJM          : LoRa? Network Join Mode
	860	+
	861	+AT+NJS                     : LoRa? Network Join Status
	862	+
	863	+AT+RECV                  : Print Last Received Data in Raw Format
	864	+
	865	+AT+RECVB                : Print Last Received Data in Binary Format
	866	+
	867	+AT+SEND                  : Send Text Data
	868	+
	869	+AT+SENB                  : Send Hexadecimal Data
	870	+
	871	+
	872	+**LoRa Network Management**
	873	+
	874	+AT+ADR          : Adaptive Rate
	875	+
	876	+AT+CLASS                : LoRa Class(Currently only support class A
	877	+
	878	+AT+DCS           : Duty Cycle Setting
	879	+
	880	+AT+DR                      : Data Rate (Can Only be Modified after ADR=0)
	881	+
	882	+AT+FCD           : Frame Counter Downlink
	883	+
	884	+AT+FCU           : Frame Counter Uplink
	885	+
	886	+AT+JN1DL                : Join Accept Delay1
	887	+
	888	+AT+JN2DL                : Join Accept Delay2
	889	+
	890	+AT+PNM                   : Public Network Mode
	891	+
	892	+AT+RX1DL                : Receive Delay1
	893	+
	894	+AT+RX2DL                : Receive Delay2
	895	+
	896	+AT+RX2DR               : Rx2 Window Data Rate
	897	+
	898	+AT+RX2FQ               : Rx2 Window Frequency
	899	+
	900	+AT+TXP           : Transmit Power
	901	+
	902	+AT+ MOD                 : Set work mode
	903	+
	904	+
	905	+**Information**
	906	+
	907	+AT+RSSI           : RSSI of the Last Received Packet
	908	+
	909	+AT+SNR           : SNR of the Last Received Packet
	910	+
	911	+AT+VER           : Image Version and Frequency Band
	912	+
	913	+AT+FDR           : Factory Data Reset
	914	+
	915	+AT+PORT                  : Application Port
	916	+
	917	+AT+CHS           : Get or Set Frequency (Unit: Hz) for Single Channel Mode
	918	+
	919	+ AT+CHE                   : Get or Set eight channels mode, Only for US915, AU915, CN470
	920	+
	921	+
	922	+
	923	+
	924	+
	925	+
	926	+
	927	+1. ​FAQ
	928	+11. ​How to change the LoRa Frequency Bands/Region?
	929	+
	930	+You can follow the instructions for [[how to upgrade image>>path:#3ygebqi]].
	931	+When downloading the images, choose the required image file for download. ​
	932	+
	933	+
	934	+
	935	+How to set up LSE01 to work in 8 channel mode
	936	+
	937	+By default, the frequency bands US915, AU915, CN470 work in 72 frequencies. Many gateways are 8 channel gateways, and in this case, the OTAA join time and uplink schedule is long and unpredictable while the end node is hopping in 72 frequencies.
	938	+
	939	+
	940	+You can configure the end node to work in 8 channel mode by using the AT+CHE command. The 500kHz channels are always included for OTAA.
	941	+
	942	+
	943	+
	944	+For example, in **US915** band, the frequency table is as below. By default, the end node will use all channels (0~~71) for OTAA Join process. After the OTAA Join, the end node will use these all channels (0~~71) to send uplink packets.
	945	+
	946	+
	947	+|CHE|(% colspan="9" %)US915 Uplink Channels(125KHz,4/5,Unit:MHz,CHS=0)
	948	+|0|(% colspan="9" %)ENABLE Channel 0-63
	949	+|1|902.3|902.5|902.7|902.9|903.1|903.3|903.5|903.7|Channel 0-7
	950	+|2|903.9|904.1|904.3|904.5|904.7|904.9|905.1|905.3|Channel 8-15
	951	+|3|905.5|905.7|905.9|906.1|906.3|906.5|906.7|906.9|Channel 16-23
	952	+|4|907.1|907.3|907.5|907.7|907.9|908.1|908.3|908.5|Channel 24-31
	953	+|5|908.7|908.9|909.1|909.3|909.5|909.7|909.9|910.1|Channel 32-39
	954	+|6|910.3|910.5|910.7|910.9|911.1|911.3|911.5|911.7|Channel 40-47
	955	+|7|911.9|912.1|912.3|912.5|912.7|912.9|913.1|913.3|Channel 48-55
	956	+|8|913.5|913.7|913.9|914.1|914.3|914.5|914.7|914.9|Channel 56-63
	957	+|(% colspan="10" %)Channels(500KHz,4/5,Unit:MHz,CHS=0)
	958	+| |903|904.6|906.2|907.8|909.4|911|912.6|914.2|Channel 64-71
	959	+
	960	+
	961	+When you use the TTN network, the US915 frequency bands use are:
	962	+
	963	+* 903.9 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
	964	+* 904.1 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
	965	+* 904.3 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
	966	+* 904.5 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
	967	+* 904.7 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
	968	+* 904.9 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
	969	+* 905.1 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
	970	+* 905.3 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
	971	+* 904.6 - SF8BW500
	972	+
	973	+
	974	+Because the end node is now hopping in 72 frequency, it makes it difficult for the devices to Join the TTN network and uplink data. To solve this issue, you can access the device via the AT commands and run:
	975	+
	976	+**AT+CHE=2**
	977	+
	978	+**ATZ**
	979	+
	980	+to set the end node to work in 8 channel mode. The device will work in Channel 8-15 & 64-71 for OTAA, and channel 8-15 for Uplink.
	981	+
	982	+
	983	+The **AU915** band is similar. Below are the AU915 Uplink Channels.
	984	+
	985	+
	986	+|CHE|(% colspan="9" %)AU915 Uplink Channels(125KHz,4/5,Unit:MHz,CHS=0)
	987	+|0|(% colspan="9" %)ENABLE Channel 0-63
	988	+|1|915.2|915.4|915.6|915.8|916|916.2|916.4|916.6|Channel 0-7
	989	+|2|916.8|917|917.2|917.4|917.6|917.8|918|918.2|Channel 8-15
	990	+|3|918.4|918.6|918.8|919|919.2|919.4|919.6|919.8|Channel 16-23
	991	+|4|920|920.2|920.4|920.6|920.8|921|921.2|921.4|Channel 24-31
	992	+|5|921.6|921.8|922|922.2|922.4|922.6|922.8|923|Channel 32-39
	993	+|6|923.2|923.4|923.6|923.8|924|924.2|924.4|924.6|Channel 40-47
	994	+|7|924.8|925|925.2|925.4|925.6|925.8|926|926.2|Channel 48-55
	995	+|8|926.4|926.6|926.8|927|927.2|927.4|927.6|927.8|Channel 56-63
	996	+|(% colspan="10" %)Channels(500KHz,4/5,Unit:MHz,CHS=0)
	997	+| |915.9|917.5|919.1|920.7|922.3|923.9|925.5|927.1|Channel 64-71
	998	+
	999	+
	1000	+
	1001	+
	1002	+
	1003	+
	1004	+1. ​Trouble Shooting
	1005	+11. ​Why I can’t join TTN in US915 / AU915 bands?
	1006	+
	1007	+It is due to channel mapping. Please see the [[Eight Channel Mode>>path:#206ipza]] section above for details.
	1008	+
	1009	+
	1010	+
	1011	+1.
	1012	+11. AT Command input doesn’t work
	1013	+
	1014	+In the case if user can see the console output but can’t type input to the device. Please check if you already include the **ENTER** while sending out the command. Some serial tool doesn’t send **ENTER** while press the send key, user need to add ENTER in their string.
	1015	+
	1016	+
	1017	+
	1018	+
	1019	+1.
	1020	+11. Device rejoin in at the second uplink packet.
	1021	+
	1022	+**Issue describe as below:**
	1023	+
	1024	+[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image021.png]]
	1025	+
	1026	+
	1027	+**Cause for this issue:**
	1028	+
	1029	+The fuse on LSE01 is not large enough, some of the soil probe require large current up to 5v 800mA, in a short pulse. When this happen, it cause the device reboot so user see rejoin.
	1030	+
	1031	+
	1032	+**Solution: **
	1033	+
	1034	+All new shipped LSE01 after 2020-May-30 will have this to fix. For the customer who see this issue, please bypass the fuse as below:
	1035	+
	1036	+[[image:file:///C:/Users/93456/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image022.png]]
	1037	+
	1038	+
	1039	+
	1040	+
	1041	+
	1042	+1. ​Order Info
	1043	+
	1044	+
	1045	+Part Number: **LSE01-XX-YY**
	1046	+
	1047	+
	1048	+**XX**: The default frequency band
	1049	+
	1050	+* **AS923**: LoRaWAN AS923 band
	1051	+* **AU915**: LoRaWAN AU915 band
	1052	+* **EU433**: LoRaWAN EU433 band
	1053	+* **EU868**: LoRaWAN EU868 band
	1054	+* **KR920**: LoRaWAN KR920 band
	1055	+* **US915**: LoRaWAN US915 band
	1056	+* **IN865**: LoRaWAN IN865 band
	1057	+* **CN470**: LoRaWAN CN470 band
	1058	+
	1059	+
	1060	+**YY: **Battery Option
	1061	+
	1062	+* **4**: 4000mAh battery
	1063	+* **8**: 8500mAh battery
	1064	+
	1065	+
	1066	+
	1067	+= 7. Packing Info =
	1068	+
	1069	+(((
	1070	+**Package Includes**:
	1071	+)))
	1072	+
	1073	+* (((
	1074	+LSE01 LoRaWAN Soil Moisture & EC Sensor x 1
	1075	+)))
	1076	+
	1077	+(((
	1078	+
	1079	+)))
	1080	+
	1081	+(((
	1082	+**Dimension and weight**:
	1083	+)))
	1084	+
	1085	+* (((
	1086	+Device Size: cm
	1087	+)))
	1088	+* (((
	1089	+Device Weight: g
	1090	+)))
	1091	+* (((
	1092	+Package Size / pcs : cm
	1093	+)))
	1094	+* (((
	1095	+Weight / pcs : g
	1096	+)))
	1097	+
	1098	+
	1099	+= 8. Support =
	1100	+
	1101	+* Support is provided Monday to Friday, from 09:00 to 18:00 GMT+8. Due to different timezones we cannot offer live support. However, your questions will be answered as soon as possible in the before-mentioned schedule.
	1102	+* Provide as much information as possible regarding your enquiry (product models, accurately describe your problem and steps to replicate it etc) and send a mail to [[support@dragino.com>>url:http://../../../../../../D:%5C%E5%B8%82%E5%9C%BA%E8%B5%84%E6%96%99%5C%E8%AF%B4%E6%98%8E%E4%B9%A6%5CLoRa%5CLT%E7%B3%BB%E5%88%97%5Csupport@dragino.com]]
	1103	+
	1104	+