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743		-= ​4. FAQ =
	743	+= ​5.  FAQ =
744	744
745		-== 4.1 ​How to change the LoRa Frequency Bands/Region? ==
	745	+== 5.1 ​ How to Upgrade Firmware ==
746	746
747		-(((
748		-You can follow the instructions for [[how to upgrade image>>||anchor="H2.10200BFirmwareChangeLog"]].
749		-When downloading the images, choose the required image file for download. ​
750		-)))
751	751
752	752	(((
753		-
	749	+User can upgrade the firmware for 1) bug fix, 2) new feature release.
754	754	)))
755	755
756	756	(((
757		-How to set up LSE01 to work in 8 channel mode By default, the frequency bands US915, AU915, CN470 work in 72 frequencies. Many gateways are 8 channel gateways, and in this case, the OTAA join time and uplink schedule is long and unpredictable while the end node is hopping in 72 frequencies.
	753	+Please see this link for how to upgrade:  [[http:~~/~~/wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/Firmware%20Upgrade%20Instruction%20for%20STM32%20base%20products/#H2.HardwareUpgradeMethodSupportList>>http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/Firmware%20Upgrade%20Instruction%20for%20STM32%20base%20products/#H2.HardwareUpgradeMethodSupportList]]
758	758	)))
759	759
760	760	(((
761		-
	757	+Notice, NSE01 and LSE01 share the same mother board. They use the same connection and method to update.
762	762	)))
763	763
764		-(((
765		-You can configure the end node to work in 8 channel mode by using the AT+CHE command. The 500kHz channels are always included for OTAA.
766		-)))
767	767
768	768	(((
769	769
770	770	)))
771	771
772		-(((
773		-For example, in **US915** band, the frequency table is as below. By default, the end node will use all channels (0~~71) for OTAA Join process. After the OTAA Join, the end node will use these all channels (0~~71) to send uplink packets.
774		-)))
775		-
776		-[[image:image-20220606154726-3.png]]
777		-
778		-
779		-When you use the TTN network, the US915 frequency bands use are:
780		-
781		-* 903.9 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
782		-* 904.1 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
783		-* 904.3 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
784		-* 904.5 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
785		-* 904.7 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
786		-* 904.9 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
787		-* 905.1 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
788		-* 905.3 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
789		-* 904.6 - SF8BW500
790		-
791		-(((
792		-Because the end node is now hopping in 72 frequency, it makes it difficult for the devices to Join the TTN network and uplink data. To solve this issue, you can access the device via the AT commands and run:
793		-
794		-* (% style="color:#037691" %)**AT+CHE=2**
795		-* (% style="color:#037691" %)**ATZ**
796		-)))
797		-
798		-(((
799		-
800		-
801		-to set the end node to work in 8 channel mode. The device will work in Channel 8-15 & 64-71 for OTAA, and channel 8-15 for Uplink.
802		-)))
803		-
804		-(((
805		-
806		-)))
807		-
808		-(((
809		-The **AU915** band is similar. Below are the AU915 Uplink Channels.
810		-)))
811		-
812		-[[image:image-20220606154825-4.png]]
813		-
814		-
815		-== 4.2 ​Can I calibrate LSE01 to different soil types? ==
816		-
817		-LSE01 is calibrated for saline-alkali soil and loamy soil. If users want to use it for other soil, they can calibrate the value in the IoT platform base on the value measured by saline-alkali soil and loamy soil. The formula can be found at [[this link>>https://www.dragino.com/downloads/index.php?dir=LoRa_End_Node/LSE01/&file=Calibrate_to_other_Soil_20220605.pdf]].
818		-
819		-
820	820	= 5. Trouble Shooting =
821	821
822	822	== 5.1 ​Why I can't join TTN in US915 / AU915 bands? ==