Wiki source code of End Device Frequency Band

Last modified by Edwin Chen on 2024/02/15 00:10
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1 (% class="wikigeneratedid" id="HEndDeviceFrequencyBand" %)
2 **Table of** **Contents：**
3
4 {{toc/}}
5
6
7
8
9 = 1. Introduction =
10
11
12 This page list the default frequency band for Dragino End Devices. The frequency bands are base on TTN Frequency Bands. User can modify upgrade firmware to support different frequency band or use AT Command to change the sub band in some frequency bands.
13
14 * TTN Frequency Band Settings: [[https:~~/~~/www.thethingsnetwork.org/docs/lorawan/frequency-plans.html>>url:https://www.thethingsnetwork.org/docs/lorawan/frequency-plans.html]]
15 * Frequency Bands vs Country List : Page 11 of [[LoRaWAN Regional Parameters RP2-1.0.3>>url:https://resources.lora-alliance.org/technical-specifications/rp2-1-0-3-lorawan-regional-parameters]]
16
17 = 2. OTAA Join Behaviour =
18
19 Since 005 LoRaWAN stack: One device boot or reset, it will
20
21 * First make 200 Join Requestes for OTAA Join, the interval of two Join Requests will depends on the DR and the airtime requirement.
22 * After 200 Join Requestes, if end node still not join successful, to save battery life, it will keep sending join request at the default uplink interval ( 20 minutes) .
23 * If device reboot, it will do above loop again.
24
25 Since 005 LoRaWAN Stack:
26
27 * **EU868 OTAA Join DR Logic**. SF7->SF8->SF9->SF10->SF11->SF12; Each SF will make 3 attempts and then loop
28 * **US915 and AU915 OTAA Join procedure**,. End node by default will use all 72 channels (All sub-bands) to join and it will be set to use the proper sub-band after Join success
29
30 = 3. Default Frequency Bands =
31
32 == 3.1 AS923 ==
33
34 === 3.1.1 Notice for AS923 Frequency Bands ===
35
36
37 (((
38 Since [[RP002-1.0.1LoRaWAN Regional Parameters>>url:https://lora-alliance.org/sites/default/files/2020-02/rp_2-1.0.1.pdf]], AS923 include three different default settings for different countries: AS923-1, AS923-2 and AS923-3.
39 )))
40
41 (((
42 AS923-1 use the same default uplink frequency as previous AS923 firmware. AS923-2 and AS923-3 are new with different default uplink frequency. User need to know exactly the frequency bands from the LoRaWAN server and choose the right firmware version for the end node.
43 )))
44
45
46 === 3.1.2 AS920-923 & AS923-925 : AS923-1 (AS923) ===
47
48
49 * **Countries**: Malaysia,
50 * Default Uplink channel:
51 ** 923.2 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
52 ** 923.4 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
53
54 * Additional Uplink Channel: These channels are set during OTAA Join process from server. Below are the settings from TTN
55 * AS920~~AS923:
56 ** 922.2 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
57 ** 922.4 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
58 ** 922.6 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
59 ** 922.8 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
60 ** 923.0 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
61 ** 922.0 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
62
63 * AS923 ~~ AS925:
64 ** 923.6 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
65 ** 923.8 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
66 ** 924.0 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
67 ** 924.2 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
68 ** 924.4 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
69 ** 924.6 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
70
71 * Downlink:
72 ** Uplink channels 1-8 (RX1)
73 ** 923.2 - SF10BW125 (RX2)
74
75 === 3.1.3 AS923-2 ===
76
77
78 * Default Uplink channel:
79 ** 921.4 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
80 ** 921.6 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
81
82 * Additional Uplink Channels: These channels are set during OTAA Join process from server.
83
84 * Downlink:
85 ** Uplink channels 1-8 (RX1)
86 ** 921.4 - SF10BW125 (RX2)
87
88 === 3.1.4 AS923-3 ===
89
90
91 * Default Uplink channel:
92 ** 916.6 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
93 ** 916.8 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
94
95 * Additional Uplink Channels: These channels are set during OTAA Join process from server.
96
97 * Downlink:
98 ** Uplink channels 1-8 (RX1)
99 ** 916.6 - SF10BW125 (RX2)
100
101 === 3.1.5 AS923-4 ===
102
103
104 * Countries : Israel
105 * Default Uplink channel:
106 ** 917.3 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
107 ** 917.5 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
108
109 * Additional Uplink Channels: These channels are set during OTAA Join process from server.
110 * Downlink:
111 ** Uplink channels 1-8 (RX1)
112 ** 917.3 - SF10BW125 (RX2)
113
114 == 3.2 AU915-928(AU915) ==
115
116
117 **Before [[Dragino DLS-005 LoRaWAN Stack>>url:https://www.dragino.com/downloads/downloads/LoRa_End_Node/DR-LWS/changelog]]** , Default use CHE=2
118
119 * Uplink:
120 ** 916.8 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
121 ** 917.0 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
122 ** 917.2 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
123 ** 917.4 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
124 ** 917.6 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
125 ** 917.8 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
126 ** 918.0 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
127 ** 918.2 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
128
129 * Downlink:
130 ** 923.3 - SF7BW500 to SF12BW500
131 ** 923.9 - SF7BW500 to SF12BW500
132 ** 924.5 - SF7BW500 to SF12BW500
133 ** 925.1 - SF7BW500 to SF12BW500
134 ** 925.7 - SF7BW500 to SF12BW500
135 ** 926.3 - SF7BW500 to SF12BW500
136 ** 926.9 - SF7BW500 to SF12BW500
137 ** 927.5 - SF7BW500 to SF12BW500
138 ** 923.3 - SF12BW500(RX2 downlink only)
139
140 (((
141 There is a issue if the end node is fixed at sub-band2. The sensor won't be able to register to other sub-band and can only works for the LoRaWAN server use sub-band2 , such as TTN. To solve this, user need to use a USB-TTL adapter to connect to the end node to manually set the sub-band which is very inconvinient.
142 )))
143
144
145 (((
146 So since **Since [[Dragino DLS-005 LoRaWAN Stack>>url:https://www.dragino.com/downloads/downloads/LoRa_End_Node/DR-LWS/changelog]]**, To make sure the end node supports all sub band by default. In the OTAA Join process, the end node will use frequency 1 from sub-band1, then frequency 1 from sub-band2, then frequency 1 from sub-band3, etc to process the OTAA join.
147 )))
148
149
150 (((
151 After Join success, the end node will switch to the correct sub band by:
152 )))
153
154 * (((
155 Check what sub-band the LoRaWAN server ask from the OTAA Join Accept message and switch to that sub-band
156 )))
157 * (((
158 Use the Join successful sub-band if the server doesn't include sub-band info in the OTAA Join Accept message ( TTN v2 doesn't include)
159
160
161
162 )))
163
164 == 3.3 CN470-510 (CN470) ==
165
166
167 Used in China, Default use CHE=1
168
169 * Uplink:
170 ** 486.3 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
171 ** 486.5 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
172 ** 486.7 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
173 ** 486.9 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
174 ** 487.1 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
175 ** 487.3 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
176 ** 487.5 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
177 ** 487.7 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
178
179 * Downlink:
180 ** 506.7 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
181 ** 506.9 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
182 ** 507.1 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
183 ** 507.3 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
184 ** 507.5 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
185 ** 507.7 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
186 ** 507.9 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
187 ** 508.1 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
188 ** 505.3 - SF12BW125 (RX2 downlink only)
189
190 == 3.4 EU863-870 (EU868) ==
191
192
193 * Uplink:
194 ** 868.1 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
195 ** 868.3 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125 and SF7BW250
196 ** 868.5 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
197 ** 867.1 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
198 ** 867.3 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
199 ** 867.5 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
200 ** 867.7 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
201 ** 867.9 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
202 ** 868.8 - FSK
203
204 * Downlink:
205 ** Uplink channels 1-9 (RX1)
206 ** 869.525 - SF9BW125 (RX2 downlink only)
207
208 OTAA RX2DR is set to DR0, SF12BW125 since 2021,Mar for Dragino Devices.
209
210
211 == 3.5 IN865-867 (IN865) ==
212
213
214 * Uplink:
215 ** 865.0625 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
216 ** 865.4025 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
217 ** 865.9850 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
218
219 * Downlink:
220 ** Uplink channels 1-3 (RX1)
221 ** 866.550 - SF10BW125 (RX2)
222
223 Gateway has below eight channels in IN865 bands.
224
225 * 865.0625 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
226 * 865.4025 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
227 * 865.6025 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
228 * 865.9850 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
229 * 866.1850 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
230 * 866.3850 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
231 * 866.5850 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
232 * 866.7850 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
233
234 == 3.6 KZ865 ==
235
236
237 * Uplink ~-~- 125Khz , DR0 - DR5
238 ** 865.1
239 ** 865.2
240 ** 865.5
241 ** 865.7
242 ** 865.9
243
244 * Downlink:
245 ** The RX1 receive window uses the same channel as the preceding uplink.
246 ** The RX2 receive window uses a fixed frequency and data rate. The default parameters are 866.7MHz / DR0 (SF12, 125 kHz)​
247
248 == 3.7 KR920-923 (KR920) ==
249
250
251 * Default channel:
252 ** 922.1 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
253 ** 922.3 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
254 ** 922.5 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
255
256 * Uplink: (OTAA mode, channel added by JoinAccept message)
257 ** 922.1 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
258 ** 922.3 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
259 ** 922.5 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
260 ** 922.7 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
261 ** 922.9 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
262 ** 923.1 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
263 ** 923.3 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
264
265 * Downlink:
266 ** Uplink channels 1-7(RX1)
267 ** 921.9 - SF12BW125 (RX2 downlink only; SF12BW125 might be changed to SF9BW125)
268
269 == 3.8 MA869 ==
270
271
272 Country: Morroco
273
274 * Uplink:
275 ** 869.1 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
276 ** 869.3 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
277 ** 869.5 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
278 ** 869.7 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
279 ** 869.9 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
280 ** 870.0 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
281 ** 870.1 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
282 ** 870.3 - SF7BW125 to SF12BW125
283 ** 869.8 - FSK
284
285 * Downlink:
286 ** Uplink channels 1-9 (RX1)
287 ** 869.525 - SF12BW125 (RX2 downlink only)
288
289 == 3.9 US902-928 (US915) ==
290
291
292 Used in USA, Canada and South America.
293
294
295 === 3.9.1 Before [[Dragino DLS-005 LoRaWAN Stack>>url:https://www.dragino.com/downloads/downloads/LoRa_End_Node/DR-LWS/changelog]]. ===
296
297
298 Default use CHE=2, Subband 2
299
300 * Uplink:
301 ** 903.9 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
302 ** 904.1 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
303 ** 904.3 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
304 ** 904.5 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
305 ** 904.7 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
306 ** 904.9 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
307 ** 905.1 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
308 ** 905.3 - SF7BW125 to SF10BW125
309
310 * Downlink:
311 ** 923.3 - SF7BW500 to SF12BW500
312 ** 923.9 - SF7BW500 to SF12BW500
313 ** 924.5 - SF7BW500 to SF12BW500
314 ** 925.1 - SF7BW500 to SF12BW500
315 ** 925.7 - SF7BW500 to SF12BW500
316 ** 926.3 - SF7BW500 to SF12BW500
317 ** 926.9 - SF7BW500 to SF12BW500
318 ** 927.5 - SF7BW500 to SF12BW500
319 ** 923.3 - SF12BW500(RX2 downlink only)
320
321 === 3.9.2 Latest firmware, Since [[Dragino DLS-005 LoRaWAN Stack>>url:https://www.dragino.com/downloads/downloads/LoRa_End_Node/DR-LWS/changelog]] ===
322
323
324 (((
325 There is an issue if the end node is fixed at sub-band2. The sensor won't be able to register to other sub-band and can only work for the LoRaWAN server use sub-band2 , such as TTN. To solve this, the user needs to use a USB-TTL adapter to connect to the end node to manually set the sub-band which is very inconvenient.
326 )))
327
328 (((
329 So since **Since [[Dragino DLS-005 LoRaWAN Stack>>url:https://www.dragino.com/downloads/downloads/LoRa_End_Node/DR-LWS/changelog]]**, we have improved this, the end node will use frequency 1 from sub-band1, then frequency 1 from sub-band2, then frequency 1 from sub-band3, etc to process the OTAA join. In this case, the end node can support LoRaWAN servers with different subbands. To make sure the end node will only transmit the proper sub-band after OTAA Joined successfully, the end node will:
330 )))
331
332 * (((
333 Check what sub-band the LoRaWAN server ask from the OTAA Join Accept message and switch to that subband
334 )))
335 * (((
336 Use the Join successful sub-band if the server doesn't include subband info in the OTAA Join Accept message ( TTN v2 doesn't include)
337
338
339
340 )))
341
342 = 4. Frequency Bands for different server =
343
344
345 * TTN Frequency Band Settings: [[https:~~/~~/www.thethingsnetwork.org/docs/lorawan/frequency-plans.html>>url:https://www.thethingsnetwork.org/docs/lorawan/frequency-plans.html]]
346 * Loriot [[https:~~/~~/docs.loriot.io/display/LNS/Regional+Frequency+Plans>>url:https://docs.loriot.io/display/LNS/Regional+Frequency+Plans]]
347
348 = 5. Subband Related questiones in US915, AU915, CN470 bands. =
349
350
351 Frequency band US915, AU915 and CN470 supports totally 72 frequency in 8 sub-bands, Normally Gateway only support 8 channels ( one subband). So how does the gateway and end nodes work in such frequency?
352
353
354 == 5.1 Set Subband in Gateway. ==
355
356
357 * If Gateway choose (% style="color:blue" %)**Semtech UDP packet**(%%) forwarder to Connect to LoRaWAN server. User need to manually set the match Subband in the gateway web UI.
358
359 * If Gateway choose (% style="color:blue" %)**Basic Station Mode**(%%) to connect to the LoRaWAN server. User can set the subband in the Server side and gateway will the correct subband from server. no need to set this in gateway. AWS-IoT, TTN, ChirpStack all supports Basic Station Connection.
360
361 == 5.2 Set Subband in End Node ==
362
363
364 * In early End Node firmware, it is pre-set to subband 2 , user need to manually set to proper subband if they don;t use subband 2.
365
366 * In new end node firmware , it supports all sub-bands, and will swtich to the proper subband after OTAA join. So user can use the end node with all sub-band.
367
368 Reference: [[How it affects the OTAA Join when end node is set to support all subbands>>http://wiki.dragino.com/xwiki/bin/view/Main/LoRaWAN%20Communication%20Debug/#H13.WhyittakeslongertimeforOTAAjoinedinUS9152FCN4702FAU915band3F]]?
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